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Libya History:     more books (100)

Railways of North Africa: The Railway System of the Maghreb: Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Libya (Railway Histories of the World) by E. D. Brant, 1971-09-16 Libya and Nuclear Proliferation: Stepping Back from the Brink (Adelphi series) by Wyn Q. Bowen, 2006-07-26 Libya and the West: From Independence to Lockerbie by Geoff Simons, 2004-05-07 Africa's Thirty Years' War: Chad-libya-the Sudan, 1963-1993 by J. Millard Burr, Robert O Collins, 1999-06-10 Travellers in Libya by John Wright, 2005-12-01 The Emergence of Libya: Selected Historical Essays by John Wright, 2008-12-09 Byzantine Libya and the March of the Arabs towards the West of North Africa (bar s) by Vassilios Christides, 2000-12-31 Concise Bibliography of Northern Chad and Fezzan in Southern Libya by Mohamed A. Alawar, 1983-12 Let Enemies Beware : the History of the 2/15th Battalion 1940-45 by Ronald J. Austin, 1995-12-31 Libya: The Elusive Revolution by Ruth First, 1975-06 The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1820-1980 (Princeton Studies on the Near East) (Volume 0) by Lisa Anderson, 1987-10-01 History of Libya: Cyrene, Libya, Cyrenaica, Hiv Trial in Libya, Turgut Reis, Seydi Ali Reis, Salih Reis, Fourth Shore, Ancient Libya Military History of Libya: Bombing of Libya, Italo-Turkish War, Senussi Campaign, Battle of Maaten Al-Sarra, Action in the Gulf of Sidra Italian North Africa: Fourth Shore, History of Libya as Italian Colony, Fezzan, Italian Cyrenaica, Italian Tripolitania

lists with details

21. Libya - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
    Libya, officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, also translated as Socialist People's Libyan Arab Great Jamahiriya), is a country located in North Africa.  
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya
    
    Extractions: v d e Libya Arabic Lībiyā pronunciation help info Libyan vernacular : Lībya pronunciation help info ; officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Arabic Al-Jamāhīriyyah al-ʿArabiyyah al-Lībiyyah aš-Šaʿbiyyah al-Ištirākiyyah al-ʿUẓmā pronunciation help info , also translated as Socialist People's Libyan Arab Great Jamahiriya ), is a country located in

22. Timeline Libya
    Tripoli was a Barbary State of North Africa and then a province of Turkey before it became part of Libya. (WUD, 1994, p.1516) The national flag is green with no writing or  
    http://timelines.ws/countries/LIBYA.HTML

23. Libya History | IExplore
    From the eighth century BC onwards (when the region was settled by the Phoenicians), Libya has been conquered and settled several times over. Its archaeological heritage  
    http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Libya/History

24. Libya: Encyclopedia II - Libya - History
    The land we now know as modern Libya has been, throughout the ages, subjected to varying degrees of foreign control. The Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals  
    http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Libya_-_History/id/5231970

25. Libya/History - Discussion And Encyclopedia Article. Who Is Libya/History? What
    Libya/History. Discussion about Libya/History. Ecyclopedia or dictionary article about Libya/History.  
    http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Libya/History/

26. Libya Culture | Libya History
    Complete, objective information on Libya travel, including photos and reviews. Add your own wikistyle contributions.  
    http://www.world66.com/africa/libya/history
    
    Extractions: [Add Section] Edit This Until Lybia achieved independence in 1951, its history was essentially that of tribes regions and cities and of the empires of which it was a part. Derived from the name by which a single Berber tribe was known to the ancient Egyptians the name Libya was subsequently applied by the Greeks to most of North Africa and the term Libyan to all of its Berber inhabitants. Although ancient in origin these names were not used to designate the specific territory of modern Libya and its people until the twentieth century nor indeed was the whole area formed into a coherent political unit until then. Hence despite the long and distinct histories of its regions modern Libya must be viewed as a new country still developing national consciousness and institutions. Geography was the principal determinant in the separate historical development of Libya's three traditional regions Tripolitania Cyrenaica and Fezzan. Cut off from each other by formidable deserts each retained its separate identity into the 1960s. At the heart of Tripolitania was its metropolis Tripoli for centuries a terminal for caravans plying the Saharan trade routes and a port sheltering pirates and slave traders. Tripolitania's cultural ties were with the Maghrib (see Glossary) of which it was a part geographically and culturally and with which it shared a common history. Tripolitanians developed their political consciousness in reaction to foreign domination and it was from Tripolitania that the strongest impulses came for the unification of modern Libya.

27. Libya History
    Russo japanese War, Theodore Roosevelt, New York subway, Norway, Tangiers Crisis, theory of Relativity  
    http://www.historycentral.com/NationbyNation/Libya/History1.html

28. Libya History
    Individual travel to Libya Until Libya achieved indipendence 1951, its history was essentially that of tribes, regions, and cities, and of the Empires of which it was a part.  
    http://www.germantravelnetwork.com/Html/D/Arabia/Libya/History.htm
    
    Extractions: Until Libya achieved indipendence 1951, its history was essentially that of tribes, regions, and cities, and of the Empires of which it was a part. Deived from the name by which a single Berber tribe was known to the Egyptians, the name Libyawas subsequently applied by the Greeks to most of the North Africa and the term Libyan to all of its inhabitants. Although ancient in origin, these names were not used to designate the specific territory of modern Libya nd its peopole until the twentieth century, nor ndeed was the whole area formed into a coherent political unit until then. Hence, despite the long and distinct histories of its regions, modern Libya must be viewed as a new country still devoloping national consciousness and institutions. Fezzan was less involved with either the Maghrib ( the West ) or the Mashrik ( the East ). Its nomads traditionally looked for leadership to tribal dynasties that controlled the oasis astride the desert trade routes. Throughout its history, Fezzan maintained close relations with sub-Saharan Africa as well as with the coast. The region grew rich from grain, wine, wool, and stockbeeding and from silphium, an herb that grew only in Cyrenaica and was regarded as an aphrodisiac. Cyrene became one of the greatest intellectual and artistic centres of the Greek world, famous for its medical school, learned accademies, and architecture, which included some of the finest examples of the Hellinistic style.

29. Libya - History
    A selection of articles related to Libya History Libya - History Encyclopedia II - Libya - History. Main article History of Libya The land we now know as modern Libya  
    http://www.experiencefestival.com/libya_-_history

30. History - Libya - Africa
    history, libya, africa Libya, History. The Phoenicians founded colonies on the coast of Tripolitania, which were conquered by Carthage in the 6th century bc.  
    http://www.countriesquest.com/africa/libya/history.htm
    
    Extractions: home Africa Libya History Libya, History The Phoenicians founded colonies on the coast of Tripolitania, which were conquered by Carthage in the 6th century bc. Greeks subsequently established settlements in Cyrenaica. The Greek historian Herodotus, writing in the 5th century bc, described the Garamantes people of the Fezzan, who were sedentary farmers and used horse-drawn chariots in warfare. His account has been verified in the 20th century by ancient cave art, discovered in the Jabal Akakus (jabal means �mountains�) of the western Fezzan and the Jabal al �Uwaynat near the Egyptian border. Libya later became a Roman possession. The region was conquered by the Vandals in ad 455, by the Byzantine Empire the following century, and by the Arabs under Amr ibn al-As in 643. Ruled successively by the Umayyads, Fatimids, and a Berber dynasty, the country was partly conquered by the Normans in 1146 but soon abandoned to Almohad control. During the following centuries Libya, or parts thereof, frequently changed hands until it was finally conquered, in the 16th century, by the Ottoman Empire. In the 19th century the puritanical Sanusi religious brotherhood arose in the interior of Cyrenaica. When Italian forces invaded Libya in 1911, the Sanusi led the Cyrenaican resistance against them. The Ottomans renounced their rights over Libya in 1912. Local leaders in Tripolitania resisted the Italians until the early 1920s, and the Sanusi resistance did not give out until 1931.

31. History Of Libya - Lonely Planet Travel Information
    Throughout history Libya has been blighted by its geography, lying in the path of invading empires and someone else’s war.  
    http://www.lonelyplanet.com/libya/history

32. Libya History
    Libya history, civilization, historical timeline and recent past.  
    http://www.libyalinks.com/dir/libya-history

33. Libya History
    Libya History Virtuoso Libya Travel Specialists Recommended by NBC, and Travel Channel TV Get value, priceless Libya vacation information, complimentary upgrades, and luxury  
    http://www.travelwizard.com/africa/libya-vacation/history/
    
    Extractions: Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999. Expert Libya History Vacation Planning

34. Libya: History, Geography, Government, And Culture — FactMonster.com
    Information on Libya — geography, history, politics, government, economy, population statistics, culture, religion, languages, largest cities, as well as a map and the  
    http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0107722.html
    
    Extractions: Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Countries Travel to Libya from TripAdvisor Map of Libya Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chief of State: Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi (1969) Prime Minister: Mubarak Abdallah al-Shamikh (2000) Total area: 679,358 sq mi (1,759,540 sq km) Population (2010 est.): 6,461,454 (growth rate: 2.1%); birth rate: 24.5/1000; infant mortality rate: 20.1/1000; life expectancy: 77.4; density per sq km: 3 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tripoli, 2,357,800 (metro. area), 1,269,700 (city proper) Other large city: Benghazi, 734,900 Monetary unit: Libyan dinar National name: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma Current government officials Languages: Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major cities Ethnicity/race: Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians

35. Libya History - Unearth Travel
    History. Libya has a long history of incursions and empires, but it did not become a unified and independent country until 1951. Historically it had three regions of  
    http://www.unearthtravel.com/guide/libya/history
    
    Extractions: Libya [Edit] Libya has a long history of incursions and empires, but it did not become a unified and independent country until 1951. Historically it had three regions of Triploitania to the west, Cyrenaica to the east and The Fezzan to the south. Around 8,000 BC, Neolithic peoples of the Sahara started recording their lives in rock paintings, showing an abundance of wildlife and vegetation, long since gone. 7,000 years later Phoenician traders, from the eastern Mediterranean, introduced olive growing to the North African coast and started a successful trade in olive oil. They founded the ports of Sabratha, Leptis and Oea (modern day Tripoli). Also exporting gold, ivory, ebony and slaves from the Sudan brought north through the desert trading routes. This Punic empire, now centred on Carthage controlled the coast from Tripolitania to the Atlantic and continued its dominance until the rise of the Roman Empire in the first century BC. In the east the Greeks established the city of Cyrene in 631 BC, on the Green Mountain or Jebel Akhdar. Here even today a variety of agriculture takes place in a more moderate climate than the rest of Libya. The Greek influence was already waning with the arrival of the Romans and it was not until the second century AD that the magnificent roman towns, still to be seen today, reached their peak.

36. Libya - History And Culture - Fun Facts, Questions, Answers
    Special SubTopic Libya - History and Culture. Click Here To Play Libya - History and Culture  
    http://www.funtrivia.com/en/subtopics/Libya---History-and-Culture-176855.html

37. Libya: History — FactMonster.com
    Encyclopedia — Libya History Through the Nineteenth Century. Throughout most of its history the territory that constitutes modern Libya has been held by foreign powers.  
    http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0859277.html
    
    Extractions: Reference Desk FunBrain Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Encyclopedia Libya Throughout most of its history the territory that constitutes modern Libya has been held by foreign powers. Tripolitania and Cyrenaica had divergent histories for most of the period up to their conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the mid-16th cent. Fazzan In 1711 Ahmad Karamanli, a Janissary, became dey, killed the Ottoman governor, and prevailed upon the Ottomans to name him governor. The post of governor remained hereditary in the Karamanli family until 1835. In the 18th cent. and during the Napoleonic Wars, the dey took in great revenues from the pirates and also extended the central government's control to much of the interior. Tripolitan War ). After 1815, England, France, and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies undertook a successful campaign against the pirates, which undermined the finances of the dey and thus facilitated the reestablishment of direct Ottoman rule in Tripoli in 1835. During the rest of the 19th cent., the Ottomans contributed little toward the political stability or the economic development of Tripoli. Beginning in the 1840s the Sanusi brotherhood gained many adherents, primarily in Cyrenaica but also in S Tripolitania and Fazzan.

38. Libya: History - TripAdvisor
    Inside Libya History Before you visit Libya, visit TripAdvisor for the latest info and advice, written for travelers by travelers.  
    http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g293806-s203/Libya:History.html

39. Libya - HISTORY
    Libya History Libya. UNTIL LIBYA ACHIEVED independence in 1951, its history was essentially that of tribes, regions, and cities, and of the empires of which it was a  
    http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/libya/HISTORY.html

40. Libya - Fun Facts And Information
    More than ninety five percent of Libya is desert. This desert is called the Sahara, which not surprisingly is an Arabic word, but what does it mean? Libya History and Culture  
    http://www.funtrivia.com/en/Geography/Libya-15919.html

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