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Lithuania History:     more books (104)

Lithuania Awakening (Society and Culture in East-Central Europe, Vol 4) by Alfred Erich Senn, 1990-09-10 Making a Great Ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania by Giedre Mickunaite, 2006-10-30 Historical Dictionary of Lithuania by Saulius Suziedelis, 1997-07 Lithuanian fraternalism: Seventy-five years of U.S. Knights of Lithuania by William Wolkovich-Valkavicius, 1988 Executive Report on Strategies in Lithuania, 2000 edition (Strategic Planning Series) by The Lithuania Research Group, The Lithuania Research Group, 2000-11-02 The Jews of Pinsk, 1506 to 1880 (Stanford Studies in Jewish History and C) by Mordechai Nadav, 2007-11-20 Lithuania Nature History Culture Cities by Andra Kairiene, 1996 The Massacre of the Jews of Lithuania by Karen Sutton, 2008-12-25 Lithuania: The Rebel Nation (Westview Series on the Post-Soviet Republics) by V. Stanley Vardys, Judith Sedaitis, et all 1996-11-14 The New Theatre of the Baltics: From Soviet to Western Influence in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by Jeff Johnson, 2007-02-21

lists with details

21. Lithuania History | IExplore
    Presentday Lithuanians, along with Latvians and ancient Prussians, are descendants of the Balts, an Indo-European ethnic group that settled on the Baltic coast 4000 years ago.  
    http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Lithuania/History

22. Holidays In The Baltic States - Tours Of Estonia Latvia Lithuania - Smart Travel
    Lithuania History For the first time Lithuania was mentioned in 1009 in Qedlinburg annals.  
    http://www.smarttravel.ee/pages.php?page=lithuaniahistory

23. Lithuania History | History Of Lithuania | The History Of Lithuania
    Lithuania has big history and detailed information about lithuania history, history of lithuania is provided by stayreslithuania and also offers online hotel reservation for  
    http://www.stayreslithuania.com/lithuania-history.html
    
    Extractions: Deal of the Month Lithuania is a small plot of land at the Baltic Sea. The whole west fringe of the country (appr. 100 km) is occupied by the amber coastline with marvelous beaches of white sand. Clean waters of Sesupe, Dubysa, Nevezis and Nemunas flow. Sometimes Lithuania is called the Nemunas land due to the great love Lithuanians have to the river Nemunas. For the first time Lithuania was mentioned in 1009 in Qedlinburg annals. The Lithuania as a state emerged in early XIIIth century after the union of the main lands. Mindaugas became the Grand Duke of Lithuania at about 1240. At the end of XIVth - and the beginnning of the XV century Lithuania became one of the most powerful states in the Eastern Europe. Almost for the whole two centuries German crusaders invaded the pagan state, though Lithuania was not conquered.

24. Lithuania History
    Russo japanese War, Theodore Roosevelt, New York subway, Norway, Tangiers Crisis, theory of Relativity  
    http://www.historycentral.com/nationbynation/Lithuania/History1.html

25. Lithuania Culture | Lithuania History
    Complete, objective information on Lithuania travel, including photos and reviews. Add your own wikistyle contributions.  
    http://www.world66.com/europe/lithuania/history
    
    Extractions: [Add Section] Edit This The earliest evidence of inhabitants in present-day Lithuania dates back to 10 000 BC. Between 3 000-2 000 BC the cord-ware culture people spread over a vast region of Eastern Europe between the Baltic Sea and the Vistula River in the west and the Moscow-Kursk line in the east. Merging with the indigenous population they gave rise to the Balts a distinct Indo-European ethnic group whose descendants are the present-day Lithuanian and Latvian nations and the now extinct Prussians. The first written mention of Lithuania occurs in 1009 AD although many centuries earlier the Roman historian Tacitus referred to the Lithuanians as excellent farmers. Spurred by the expansion into the Baltic lands of the Germanic monastic military orders (the Order of the Knights of the Sword and the Teutonic Order) Duke Mindaugas united the lands inhabited by the Lithuanians the Samogitians Yotvingians and Couranians into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in the 1230s and 40s. In 1251 Mindaugas adopted Catholicism and was crowned King of Lithuania on July 6 1253; a decade later civil war erupted upon his assassination until a ruler named Vitenis defeated the Teutonic Knights and restored order. Lithuania's independence under the union with Poland was restored by Grand Duke Vytautas. During his rule (1392-1430) the GDL turned into one of the largest states in Europe encompassing present-day Belarus most of Ukraine and the Smolensk region of western Russia. Led by Jogaila and Vytautas the united Polish-Lithuanian army defeated the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg (Gruenwald or Zalgiras) in 1410 terminating the medieval Germanic drive eastward.

26. Lithuania: History — FactMonster.com
    Encyclopedia — Lithuania History Early History to the Nineteenth Century. The pagan Liths, or Lithuanians, may have settled along the Nemen as early as 1500 B.C.  
    http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0859312.html
    
    Extractions: Reference Desk FunBrain Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Encyclopedia Lithuania The pagan Liths, or Lithuanians, may have settled along the Nemen as early as 1500 B.C. In the 13th cent. the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and the Teutonic Knights conquered the region now comprising Estonia, Latvia, and parts of Lithuania. To protect themselves against the Knights, who pressed them from the north and the south, the Lithuanians formed (13th cent.) a strong unified state. Ladislaus II by his marriage with Jadwiga , daughter of Louis I of Poland and Hungary. He accepted and introduced Christianity. The union between Lithuania and Poland had at first the character of an alliance between independent nations. Witowt Tannenberg and Novgorod. After Witowt's death, decline set in. The Belarusians, who had retained their Greek Orthodox faith, inclined toward the rising grand duchy of Moscow. In 1569, hard pressed by the Russians under Ivan IV, Lithuania was joined with Poland by the Union of Lublin to form a commonwealth. The Lithuanian aristocracy and burghers became thoroughly Polonized. By the three successive partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795) Lithuania disappeared as a national unit and passed to Russia. A Lithuanian linguistic and cultural revival began in the 19th cent., inspired largely by the Roman Catholic clergy and accompanied by frequent anti-Russian uprisings. World War I and the consequent collapse of Russia and Germany made Lithuanian independence possible. Proclaimed (Feb., 1918) an independent kingdom under German protection, Lithuania became (Nov., 1918) an independent republic.

27. Lithuania - History (Grades 6-8)
    1 Lithuanian history is rich and complex. The history of Lithuania is very important to modern Lithuanians. They refer to history often in conversations, stories, and songs.  
    http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_Geography_161_1.html
    
    Extractions: By Ekaterina Zhdanova-Redman Lithuanian history is rich and complex. The history of Lithuania is very important to modern Lithuanians. They refer to history often in conversations, stories, and songs. And while the country itself is not big, a lot has happened to this tiny nation in the last thousand years. Lithuania was first mentioned in 1007 AD, in the Annals of Quedlinburg. The Annals were a set of historical documents written by monks. Despite being mentioned in the Annals, the country of Lithuania was not actually a country until 1236. It was then that the Grand Duke Mindaugus united lands owned by native Baltic tribes into the country of Lithuania. In 1253, Mindaugus accepted Christianity and a crown from the Catholic Pope. In doing so, he became the first and only king in Lithuania's history. About 130 years later, a Lithuanian named Jogaila became king of neighboring Poland. This began 400 years of close cooperation between Lithuania and Poland. This cooperation led to a great deal of shared history and culture between the two countries. Lithuania grew for the next 50 years or so. It took in lands from neighboring Byelorussia, Ukraine, and Russia.

28. Lithuania History
    Lithuania History Virtuoso Lithuania Vacation Specialists Recommended by NBC Travel Channel TV Excellent value here, priceless Lithuania vacation information, great  
    http://www.travelwizard.com/europe/lithuania-vacations/history/
    
    Extractions: Emergence of a Powerful Nation Union with Poland and Russian Annexation Independent Republic Relief from oppression came only with the collapse of the Tsarist Russian Empire at the end of World War I. On February 16th, 1918, a group of leading Lithuanian intellectuals gathered to sign Lithuania's declaration of independence. Over the following several years most of the world's prominent nations recognized the country's statehood and, in turn, Lithuania established diplomatic and economic relations with the world abroad. During Lithuania's 22 years of independence in between the world wars, Lithuania rapidly progressed in all spheres of her national life. But then disaster struck again in 1940. World War II The outset of war disrupted Lithuania's further development and brought on yet another period of national subjugation. At first the country was annexed by the Soviet Union, then occupied by Nazi Germany. The Nazis tried to exploit Lithuania's material and human resources for the benefit of their military machine. After the Nazis were defeated at the end of the war, Lithuania found itself occupied by Soviet Union again. Soviet Occupation This time the occupation threatened the very existence of the Lithuanian people. The nation suffered from Stalinist repression and endured mass deportations to Siberia. During nearly half a century of Soviet rule, Lithuania was deprived of nearly a quarter of its population through these deportations, or in labour camps and prisons. The arrival of Soviet rule in Lithuania provoked a guerrilla resistance movement immediately after the World War II, lasting almost ten years.

29. Lithuania/History - Discussion And Encyclopedia Article. Who Is Lithuania/Histor
    Lithuania/History. Discussion about Lithuania/History. Ecyclopedia or dictionary article about Lithuania/History.  
    http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Lithuania/History/

30. MapZones.com : Lithuania History
    Information of Lithuania History, Civilization, independence, king, rural, war  
    http://www.mapzones.com/world/europe/lithuania/historyindex.php
    
    Extractions: Time and Date Lithuanians belong to the Baltic group of nations. Their ancestors moved to the Baltic region about 3000 B.C. from beyond the Volga region of central Russia. In Roman times, they traded amber with Rome and around A.D. 900-1000 split into different language groups, namely, Lithuanians, Prussians, Latvians, Semigallians, and others. The Prussians were conquered by the Teutonic Knights, and, ironically, the name "Prussia" was taken over by the conquerors, who destroyed or assimilated Prussia's original inhabitants. Other groups also died out or were assimilated by their neighbors. Only the Lithuanians and the Latvians survived the ravages of history. In 1795 an alliance between the Germanic statesPrussia and Austriaand the Russian Empire ended Poland's independent existence. Lithuania became a Russian province. Two insurrections, initiated by the Poles in 1831 and again in 1863, failed to liberate the nation. The Russian Empire eliminated Polish determine on Lithuanians and introduced Russian social and political institutions. Under tsarist rule, Lithuanian schools were forbidden, Lithuanian publications in the Latin script were outlawed, and the Roman Catholic Church was severely suppressed. the restrictive policies failed to extinguish indigenous cultural institutions and language. A national awakening in the 1880s, led by the secular and clerical intelligentsia, produced demands for self-government. In 1905 Lithuania was the first of the Russian provinces to demand autonomy. freedom was not granted because the tsar firmly reaccomplished his rule after the Revolution of 1905. But the demand, articulated by the elected Grand Diet of Vilnius, was not abandoned. World War I led to the collapse of the two empiresthe Russian and the Germanmaking it possible for Lithuania to assert its statehood. Germany's attempt to persuade Lithuania to become a German protectorate was unsuccessful. On February 16, 1918, Lithuania declared its full freedom, and the nation still celebrates that day as its freedom Day.

31. Articles About Lithuania History - Los Angeles Times
    Lithuania History News. Find breaking news, commentary, and archival information about Lithuania History from the Los Angeles Times  
    http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/lithuania-history

32. Lithuania - History
    Lithuania History. Lithuanians belong to the Baltic group of nations. Their ancestors moved to the Baltic region about 3000 B.C. from beyond the Volga region of central Russia.  
    http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/lt-history.htm
    
    Extractions: Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list Enter Your Email Address Lithuanians belong to the Baltic group of nations. Their ancestors moved to the Baltic region about 3000 B.C. from beyond the Volga region of central Russia. In Roman times, they traded amber with Rome and around A.D. 900-1000 split into different language groups, namely, Lithuanians, Prussians, Latvians, Semigallians, and others. The Prussians were conquered by the Teutonic Knights, and, ironically, the name "Prussia" was taken over by the conquerors, who destroyed or assimilated Prussia's original inhabitants. Other groups also died out or were assimilated by their neighbors. Only the Lithuanians and the Latvians survived the ravages of history. Traditions of Lithuanian statehood date from the early Middle Ages. As a nation, Lithuania emerged about 1230 under the leadership of Duke Mindaugas. He united Lithuanian tribes to defend themselves against attacks by the Teutonic Knights, who had conquered the kindred tribes of Prussia and also parts of present-day Latvia. In 1251 Mindaugas accepted Latin Christianity, and in 1253 he became king. But his nobles disagreed with his policy of coexistence with the Teutonic Knights and with his search for access to western Europe. Mindaugas was killed, the monarchy was discontinued, and the country reverted to paganism. His successors looked for expansion toward the Slavic East. At that early stage of development, Lithuania had to face the historically recurring question dictated by its geopolitical positionwhether to join western or eastern Europe.

33. Lithuania - History
    A selection of articles related to Lithuania History Lithuania - History Encyclopedia II - Lithuania - History. Main article History of Lithuania First mentioned in a  
    http://www.experiencefestival.com/lithuania_-_history

34. CountryReports Login Page
    Lithuania — History Lithuania lies at the edge of the East European Plain. Its landscape was shaped by the glaciers of the last Ice Age. Lithuania’s terrain is an  
    http://www.countryreports.org/history/historyDetail.aspx?countryid=144&hd=r9

35. History - Lithuania - Europe
    history, lithuania, europe Lithuania, History. The ancestors of Lithuanians came to the Baltic area most likely around 2500 bc.  
    http://www.countriesquest.com/europe/lithuania/history.htm
    
    Extractions: home Europe Lithuania History Lithuania, History The ancestors of Lithuanians came to the Baltic area most likely around 2500 bc. The first reference to them by name was in ad 1009 in a medieval German manuscript, the Quedlinburg Chronicle. With the rise of the medieval lords in Germany and Russia, Lithuania was constantly subject to invasion and attempted conquest. In the 13th century, when the Teutonic Knights, a German militaristic religious order, were establishing their power, the Lithuanians resisted. The various Lithuanian tribes united to form a loose federation under pagan chieftain Mindaugas. Mindaugas was baptized as a Christian in 1251 and subsequently crowned king of Lithuania under the authority of Pope Innocent IV. In about 1260 the Lithuanians defeated the Knights’ attempt to capture Lithuanian territory. In 1263 Mindaugas was assassinated, probably by pagan Lithuanian princes, and Lithuania officially reverted to paganism. In the 1300s Mindaugas’s successors began to expand their realm by incorporating, through conquest, Slavic lands to the east and south. Under Lithuanian ruler Gediminas, the empire was expanded in the south to include most of present-day Belarus, and Vilnius was established as the capital. Lithuanian grand duke Algirdas then expanded the Lithuanian realm east toward Moscow and south to the Black Sea. In 1386 Grand Duke Jogaila joined Lithuania in a dynastic union with Poland when he married Polish queen Jadwiga. Jogaila accepted Christianity, becoming a Roman Catholic, and was crowned Wladyslaw II Jagiello, king of Poland.

36. Lithuania : History : Legends
    HISTORY. Once upon a time the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas was hunting in the holy woods of the Valley of Sventaragis. Tired after the successful day hunt the Grand Duke  
    http://www2.omnitel.net/ramunas/Lietuva/lt_history_legends.shtml

37. Lithuania Travel Information And Travel Guide - Lonely Planet
    Rebellious, quirky and vibrant, Lithuania (Lietuva) is Europe 's bestkept secret. Shoved successively between Russian pillar and Nazi post, tenacious little Lithuania stunned  
    http://www.lonelyplanet.com/lithuania

38. Lithuania History
    Lithuania Local History Lithuania Home. Lithuania Actors, Acting Lithuania Agency, Travel Lithuania Agriculture  
    http://www.internationaldiscussions.com/country/lithuania/lithuania-history.php
    
    Extractions: Lithuania History This page relates to History from Lithuania or in other words Local History . This is what we have in our database about Lithuania History : Description: This Lithuania page needs your help. If you are familiar with the Topic please add your comments via the link below. News: Falkland Islands War "We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if mankind is to survive."

39. Lithuania - History On Europe-east.com: The Complete Eastern Europe Guide
    EuropeEast.com - Introducing Lithuania and several destinations in the country  
    http://www.europe-east.com/lithuania/history.html

40. Lithuania: History, Geography, Government, And Culture — FactMonster.com
    Information on Lithuania — geography, history, politics, government, economy, population statistics, culture, religion, languages, largest cities, as well as a map and the  
    http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0107730.html
    
    Extractions: Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Countries Travel to Lithuania — Unbiased reviews and great deals from TripAdvisor Map of Lithuania Republic of Lithuania President: Dalia Grybauskaite (2009) Prime Minister: Gediminas Kirkilas (2006) Total area: 25,174 sq mi (65,200 sq km) Population (2010 est.): Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Vilnius, 543,500 Other large cities: Kaunas, 379,800; Klaip©da, 193,400 Monetary unit: Litas National name: Lietuvos Respublika Current government officials Languages: Lithuanian 82% (official), Russian 8%, Polish 6% (2001) Ethnicity/race: Lithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%, Russian 6.3%, other or unspecified 3.6% (2001) Religions: Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4%, Protestant (including Lutheran, evangelical Christian Baptist) 2%, none 10% (2001) National Holiday: Independence Day, February 16

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