61. Hydric Soils | Ohio NRCS Hydric soils. Hydric soils are developed under sufficiently wet conditions to support the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. All hydric soils must satisfy http://www.oh.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/soils/hydric_soils.html

Ohio Home About Us News Programs ... Contact Us Search Ohio All NRCS Sites for Technical Resources Back to Technical Resources Soils Ohio Soil Information ... Find a Service Center Hydric Soils Hydric soils are developed under sufficiently wet conditions to support the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. All hydric soils must satisfy requirements of the Hydric Soil Definition. Hydric Soil Criteria are used to generate Hydric Soil Lists. Hydric Soil Lists contain a listing of soils that have any probability of being hydric. Hydric soil lists do not delineate soils in the field; they must be delineated in situ . Hydric Soil Criteria and Hydric Soil Lists are used as off site assessment tools. Hydric Soil Indicators are primarily morphological indicators used for field identification of hydric soils. A hydric soil is a soil that meets the Hydric Soil Definition; presence of the Hydric Soil Indicators is evidence that the definition has been met. NRCS has developed local lists of map units that may contain hydric soils for each county in Ohio. These county lists are the preferred lists for use in making preliminary wetland determinations. NRCS no longer maintains a supplemental list of map units with hydric inclusions. The county lists of Hydric Soils categorize each map unit by component, percent composition, landform, hydric rating, and the hydric criteria met. Map units that have a predominance of components that meet the hydric criteria have a higher probability of being hydric than map units with a small percentage of components that meet the hydric criteria. Because of the natural variability of soil, not all map unit delineations may contain each listed minor component (component percentage generally less than 15%).

62. AZ Master Gardener Manual: Soils Soil The unconsolidated mineral and organic matter on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth or land http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/soils/soils.html

Cooperative Extension MG Manual Home Soils SOILS AND FERTILIZERS: SOILS MG Manual Reference Ch. 2, pp. 2 - 4 properties classes caliche depth ... pH Soil - The unconsolidated mineral and organic matter on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth or land plants. A desirable surface soil in good condition for plant growth contains approximately 50% solid material and 50% open or pore space. The mineral component is usually made up of many different kinds and sizes of particles, ranging from those visible to the unaided eye to particles so small that they can only be seen with the aid of a very powerful (electron) microscope. This mineral material comprises about 45% to 50% of the total volume. Organic material makes up about less then 5% of the volume and may contain both plant and animal residues in varying stages of decomposition. Under ideal or near-ideal moisture conditions for growing plants, soil pore spaces contain about 25% air and 25% water based on the total volume of soil. Since pore spacesare filled with either air or water, the amount of air in a soil at a particular time depends on the amount of water present in the pore spaces. Immediately after a rain, there is more water and less air in the pore spaces. Conversely, in dry periods, a soil contains more air and less water. Increasing organic matter content usually increases water-holding capacity, but adding undecomposed organic material reduces water capacity until the material has partially decomposed.

63. AGIS - S O I L S -- Soil, Classification, Survey Information, Soil Form, South A Soil surveys, soil classification and dynamic maps for South-Africa. ARC Institute for Soil, Climate and Water/AGIS. http://www.agis.agric.za/agisweb/$WEB_HOME?MIval=soils.html

64. Soils ERM: The Canadian Soil Classification System A short introduction to the Canadian soil classification system Classification principles, mains soil orders and simplified key to soil order (University of Alberta) http://www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/class.html

Introduction to Soils and Soil Resources The Canadian Soil Classification System Principles of Scientific Soil Classification In any science a system of classification is used to organize information about similar entities within a logical and easily remembered framework. Classification also allows us to discover relationships between these entities and to apply our knowledge towards the solution of practical problems. Classification schemes arrange objects in an orderly fashion by placing them into groups or "classes" or "taxa" according to their similarity to each other. Objects to be classified are arranged in such a way that they succeed or accompany each other. Application of this principle results in a hierarchical classification scheme. At the highest level, classes are based on broad generalizations which are further divided and defined through subsequent lower levels. Classification categories are thus most general at the highest level and most specific at the lowest level. Canadian System of Soil Classification Many different classification systems can be developed for the same group of objects. The Canadian System of Soil Classification is a scientific classification based on the natural relationships between soils and on characteristics that are important and precise. Five taxa are recognized in the hierarchical scheme used for the Canadian System of Soil Classification:

65. Soil Classification | NRCS Soils Comprehensive resources on USDA soil classification system key to soil taxonomy (English/Spanish), soil series description and database, discussion forum. http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/

Soils Home About Us Soil Survey Soil Use ... Contact Us Search Soils All NRCS Sites for Technical References Back to Technical References Soil Classification Soil Taxonomy ... Centers and Institutes Soil Classification Soil Taxonomy - principal reference to soil classification. Keys to Soil Taxonomy - taxonomic keys for field classification. Official Soil Series Descriptions (OSD) - standard descriptions and characteristics of soil series. Soil Series Classification Database (SC) - soil classification and series names. SC and OSD Maintenance Tool - add/edit/delete soil series classification and Official Series Description (eAuth and NASIS OSD group membership required) SC OSD Maintenance Tool User Guide (PDF; 1.4 MB) Soil Classification Report Tool - several reports of soil classifications by Major Land Resource Area regional office Distribution Maps of Dominant Soil Orders - images and maps. The Twelve Orders of Soil Taxonomy - poster. International Taxonomy Committees Soil Taxonomy Forum The Guy Smith Interviews: Rationale for concepts in Soil Taxonomy Last Modified: Back to Top NRCS Soils Home Site Map Contact ... USDA

66. Soils Of Arid Regions Of The United States And Israel Papers on soils of arid regions, how they develop, and how they are classified, with copies in Hebrew. In addition, there is a book chapter on managing soils for sustainable land use and a glossary of terms. Links to other sites with soils information. Lists of soil surveys for the United States. http://cals.arizona.edu/OALS/soils/home.html

This website is the result of a demonstration project funded by the International Arid Lands Consortium to design and create a WWW site for information on soils of arid regions of the U.S. and Israel. It was designed to provide information to assist those who would manage their impact on the soils of arid regions for sustainability. Introduction to Aridic Soils Papers on soils of arid regions, how they develop, and how they are classified, with copies in Hebrew. In addition, there is a book chapter on managing soils for sustainable land use and a glossary of terms. Classification of Aridic Soils Classification of aridisols and other aridic soils, including slides. Some material in Hebrew. Based on the USDA classification. Aridic Soils in Israel Slides of soils from Israel, soil map of Israel, and a correlation between FAO and USDA soil classification systems, including some in Hebrew U.S. Soil Surveys and Maps

67. Technical References | NRCS Soils This site from the Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives offers advice and information about the management and fertility of soil. Includes erosion, salinity and soil surveys. http://soils.usda.gov/technical/

Soils Home About Us Soil Survey Soil Use ... Contact Us Search Soils All NRCS Sites for Technical References Technical Soil Services Handbook National Soil Survey Handbook Soil Survey Manual ... Testing Methods for Phosphorus and OM Geomorphic Description System Installing Monitoring Wells in Soils Forms NASIS ... Centers and Institutes Technical References PDF files require Acrobat Reader , DOC file requires Microsoft Word , and XLS files require Microsoft Excel Policy and Procedure Technical Soil Services Handbook - operational and procedural policy and guidance for technical soil services within NRCS National Soil Survey Handbook - policy, definitions, and procedures for conducting soil survey. Soil Survey Manual - major principles and practices for soil surveys. Soil Change Guide - Procedures for Soil Survey and Resource Inventory - designed for soil survey, vegetation, and ecological site or unit inventory work in order to help soil scientists and other inventory specialists collect interpretable data about soil change. Technical Notes - specific technical subjects for soil scientists.

68. Soil Survey Contents | NRCS Soils Lists soil surveys, survey programs, soil survey technology, standards, data and references. http://soils.usda.gov/survey/

Soils Home About Us Soil Survey Soil Use ... Contact Us Search Soils All NRCS Sites for Soil Survey Web Soil Survey Soil Data Mart Listing Of Soil Surveys by State ... Centers and Institutes Soil Survey Web Soil Survey Online Web Soil Survey - Official USDA soil information as viewable maps and tables for more than 2300 soil surveys. This document requires Acrobat Reader Web Soil Survey Brochure (PDF; 3.3 MB) Soil Data Mart - downloadable official soil tabular and spatial data ( SSURGO Historical Soil Survey Publications How to Use a Soil Survey - basic information on utilizing a soil survey. Listing of Soil Surveys by State - current and out-of-print soil surveys and contact information for requesting a paper or CD copy. Job Aids Job Aids - an alternative to training that can be used to improve performance while on the job. Laboratory and Research Data Global Climate Change National Soil Characterization Data - National Soil Laboratory site specific data with search routines. Soil Climate Research Stations in Antarctica and Alaska - data from seven long-term soil-climate stations in Antarctica and Alaska.

69. IALC: Soils Of Arid Regions Of The United States And Israel: Israeli Soils A set of images to illustrate the soils of the arid part of Israel. Includes a description list of the soil groups in English and Hebrew. Also available is a conversion table from Dan s to both the USDA and FAO classification systems. http://cals.arizona.edu/OALS/soils/israeli.html

Israeli Soils Slides of Israeli Soils - from the aridic part of the country Hebrew Version Notes About the Hebrew on this Website Soil Map of Israel Correlation List for the Soils of Israel - Gives the USDA and FAO classifications that correspond to the Israeli soils types used here Home About the Site Introduction Classification Israeli Soils Surveys and Maps Related Resources Contact Email last updated

70. New Zealand Soils Provides access to Nationally Significant soils Databases, but also a wealth of explanatory information about current and historical soil naming schemes used in New Zealand. http://soils.landcareresearch.co.nz/contents/index.aspx

New Zealand Soils Portal Welcome to the New Zealand Soils Portal - your window to all things about New Zealand's soils. The Soils Portal is one of a growing number of specialist subject portals being released by Landcare Research, These portals are tightly integrated with an on-line mapping portal so that you can easily switch between descriptive information about soils to maps of their distribution and back to explanations of what is on the maps. Each portal augments and compliments the others and collectively they provide a rich and authoritative resource about New Zealands natural heritage. The Soils Portal not only provides access to Nationally Significant Soils Databases, held by Landcare Research such as National Soils Database Fundamental Soils Layers , the New Zealand Land Resource Inventory and Digital Soil Surveys but also a wealth of explanatory information about current and historical soil naming schemes used in New Zealand. The Soils Portal will always be a work-in-progress. We are committed to expanding the information that is available and are interested in your suggestions, so please use the feedback tab at the top of each page to tell us your ideas.

71. Soils Of Canada Home Page A collection of soil profiles representing the twenty Great Groups in the Canadian System of Soil Classification. Includes descriptions of soils and plants of Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone and the Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir Biogeoclimatic Zone. Many pictures. http://web.unbc.ca/~soc/

72. Soils Collections Project Page Datasets of soil properties (physical and chemical), at various scales. Distributed Active Archive Center, USA. http://daac.ornl.gov/SOILS/soils_collections.html

73. Hydric Soils | NRCS Soils Provides information on these soils that are sufficiently wet in the upper part to develop anaerobic conditions during the growing season, with lists of hydric soils by state for the USA. http://soils.usda.gov/use/hydric/

Soils Home About Us Soil Survey Soil Use ... Contact Us Search Soils All NRCS Sites for Soil Use Hydric Soils Soil Quality State of the Land ... Centers and Institutes Hydric Soils Overview Introduction Criteria Lists of Hydric Soils What's Included on the Lists These documents require Microsoft Excel NOTE: The XLSX file is in Excel 2007 format and the XLS files are Excel 93-2003 format. National List; all states (February 2010) (XLSX; 8.3 MB) National List #1; AK-MI (February 2010) (XLS; 10.1 MB) National List #2; MN-NY (February 2010) (XLS; 7.5 MB) National List #3; OH-WY (February 2010) (XLS; 6.7 MB) 2010 National Hydric Soils List by State State and County Lists – Contact your NRCS State Office Technical Committee National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils Minutes of Annual Meetings Hydric Soils Technical Notes Links These documents require Acrobat Reader Field Indicators of Hydric Soils , version 7.0 (PDF; 5.3 MB) Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (PDF; 1.53 MB) Comments Procedure for Submitting Comments Back to Top NRCS Soils Home Site Map Contact ... USDA

74. British Society Of Soil Science - Home Aims to raise awareness of the importance of soil science, through the promotion of soil science related information. Information about the society, regional branches, conferences, publications and newsletters. Extensive list of links to other soil-related teaching material, universities, institutes, other international plant and soil societies, publishers and chemical manufacturers. http://www.soils.org.uk/

Join Now Member Login Username: Password: Forgotten password Search the Site: Home About the Society Education Publications ... Join now Search the BSSS website Advanced Standard Member Professional Member DATES THIS MONTH October View All LATEST NEWS Last Updated: Countryside Survey 2007 Report online Read more.. The sound of soil Read more.. Conference: Soil Interfaces in a Changing World Read more.. NERC Impact Action Plan Read more.. Welcome to the British Society of Soil Science website The British Society of Soil Science, together with its professional body the Institute of Professional Soil Scientists (IPSS), aims to promote the study and profession of soil science. Coming up... Assistant Editor Vacancy EJSS The British Society of Soil Science is seeking to appoint a new assistant Editor for the European Journal of Soil Science. The position will commence from the 1st of January 2011. Further information is available here If you are interested in applying for this position please contact the Editor The Auger Print Deadline Articles for the December issue of The Auger need to reach the office by the 29th October 2010.

75. Soil Index And Introduction Educative information about what soil is, how it is formed and how it is lost. Focus on soil conservation and soil ecology. http://www.seafriends.org.nz/enviro/soil/

Soil use, sustainability and conservation by Dr J Floor Anthoni (2000) www.seafriends.org.nz/enviro/soil/index.htm Soil is our most important resource, and also the most maligned and misunderstood. The world population will double in a mere forty years, but agricultural output is not keeping up with demand. In the process, precious soil is lost, waterways and coastal seas polluted. Humans obviously need to be much more knowledgeable about this problem. What is soil? Where does it come from? What kinds of soil exist? Are all soils fertile? How does soil work? Can all places on the planet be farmed? How much food can the planet make? How do we lose soil? How can we prevent erosion? What damage is caused by erosion? What is sustainability? Can soil be farmed sustainably? What can we do? introduction Introduction to this section on soil and erosion. If you're in a hurry, read this first. (on this page, 4 pages) dependence The human race depends on its agricultural soil for food. As the population doubles and the soils degrade, it will become a race between technology and dwindling natural resources in order to save mankind. (9 pages) geology Soils originate from the cauldron of Earth and are recycled and redistributed by the conveyor belts of plate tectonics. Although basic elements are fairly evenly spread, the rocks that contain them, are not. Soil is formed very slowly from the bedrock, under influence of climate and life. (10 pages)

76. Laboratory Of Soil Physics & Soil Hydrology Details of courses, research and faculty at The Laboratory of Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology, University of Tokyo. http://soil.en.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/english/chisui-e.html

The University of Tokyo Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology Program Japanese INTRODUCTION The Laboratory of Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology (known as SPSH) within the Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering at the the University of Tokyo includes instruction and research in various aspects of transport, distribution, and storage of water and solute in the soils. The Laboratory of Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology at Univerisyt of Tokyo has been a world-leading program in education and research for over half a century. The SPSH Program is quite flexible, so a wide variety of student interests and backgrounds can be accommodated. The objective of the doctoral program is to provide qualified individuals with the fundamental background required for careers in teaching and research, and for related positions involving research, development, and advanced management and planning in consulting organizations, industry, and government agencies. Cooperation with various departments and programs in the University provides a coordinated approach to the solution of complex environmental problems. CORE COURSES GRADUATE COURSES Advanced Soil Physics Advanced Soil Hydrology UNDERGRADUATE COURSES Soil Physics Experiments in Soil Physics Soil Hydrology Soil Mechanics Exercise in Soil Mechanics TEXTBOOK Miyazaki T., Water flow in soils, Second Edition, CRC Press, 2005. ISBN: 0824753259. [

77. Soil Fertility 1 Answers questions related to the enhancement and maintenance of soil fertility. http://www.seafriends.org.nz/enviro/soil/fertile.htm

Soil fertility the factors that add to soil productivity by Dr J Floor Anthoni (2000) www.seafriends.org.nz/enviro/soil/fertile.htm Farmers have known for a very long time that certain substances (such as dung and ash), when added to the soil, improve production. These are now called fertilisers. For reasons of cost and ease of use, chemical fertilisers have replaced natural ones. Although plants can't distinguish the difference, artificial fertilisers can easily be over-used, resulting in damage to the soil, rivers and ocean. Learn to know how to produce more, while damaging the soil and environment less. What do plants need, how are nutrients formed and maintained and what can we do to increase the natural fertility of the soil? This document consists of (this page) and plant needs What do plants need? Liebig's law states that the need in shortest supply will be the main factor limiting growth. Often overlooked needs are light and warmth. watering A plant's most important need is water. In most places on Earth, water is a problem. There is either too much of it or too little. Water is needed by soil organisms too, so a farmer's most urgent task is to manage the supply of water. nutrients Nutrients are found in the rocks. Once weathered into soil, these become available to plants. This supply is not enough, the reason why all terrestrial ecosystems recycle their nutrients with minimal losses. Agricultural soil should recycle its nutrients too, but there are insurmountable problems.

78. Soil Fertility In A Nutshell Information about soil fertility and how it can be improved. http://www.dnagardens.com/Articles/What is soil fertility.htm

Home Catalogue Fruit Information ... Newsletter What is Soil Fertility? What is Soil Fertility? by Dr. Ieuan R. Evans June 1, 1999 Soil fertility for plants in reality is a very simple affair but difficult to explain. There are no miracle fertilizers, only plain and simple chemical nutrients, that are absolutely essential for plant growth. In moist sand loams plant nutrients are generally more accessible than in silt or clay soils although clay soils contain higher fertility resources. Nutrients became restricted or unavailable, in very wet or very dry soils for obvious physical reasons such as a lack of root absorption by most crop species. Plant nutrients, divided into macronutrients and micronutrients are indistinguishable, whether they are from organic or chemical sources. All must be water soluble in order to enter plant root systems. (43% actual P) and potash as K 0. (83% actual K). In almost all soils above pH 6 calcium and magnesium are generally present in non-limiting quantities. Micronutrients are needed in only very small quantities but they are every bit as essential as macronutrients to normal plant growth. Plant essential micronutrients are boron (B), chloride (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) and if deficient they are applied to soil in pounds per acre.

79. Soil PH, Fertilizers, And Lime Information with regard to soil pH, fertilizers and lime application. http://www.ncw.wsu.edu/treefruit/soil/lime.htm

Some Thoughts About Soil pH, Fertilizers and Lime Tim Smith, WSU extension, 400 Washington St., Wenatchee, WA 98801 (My apologies to any soil scientist in the audience.) Link to Tree Fruit Home Page When you apply fertilizers that have ammonium as a portion of the product, or some fraction that will turn into ammonium, you are adding "acidity" to the soil. It doesn't matter what kind or type of fertilizer, conventional or organic source, just that it has ammonium (or ammonia) in it. Ammonium is made up of nitrogen and hydrogen, three atoms of hydrogen for each atom of nitrogen. (NH3-). Shortly after the ammonium reaches the soil, because it has a negative charge, it binds to the positively charged soil or organic matter. Through time, it is converted to nitrate by soil bacteria. The warmer the soil, the faster the conversion. It is the nitrate form of N that is most mobile in the soil, most likely to leach into groundwater, and usually is the form of N most used by the crop. Some soils have a great ability to cope with these added H+ particles, as they have large amounts of natural "lime" to convert the H+ into water, or maybe they have lots of organic matter and clay to bind the H+, taking it (temporarily) out of the soil water solution. Other soils start with lower amounts of carbonates, clays or organic matter, so they have much lower capacity to "buffer" the H+ in the soil, and allow the H+ to build up in the soil water with much less acid forming fertilizer added. Once a soil has become acid, it has lost most of it's ability to bind or otherwise deactivate H+ particles, and is likely to become even more acid rapidly if relatively low amounts of H+ is added to the soil. So, the soil may remain at 7.2 for many years as tons of acid forming fertilizer is applied per acre, then, while you are not watching the pH, drop pH to 6, then 5 in a few years.

80. Soil.hostweb.org.uk An introduction to soil components, acidity, fertility, and care, as well as a collection of links to other soil resources. http://soil.hostweb.org.uk/

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