1. BBC - History - Historic Figures: Olaudah Equiano (c.1745 - 1797) A short biography. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/equiano_olaudah.shtml

@import '/vision/productisation/includes/css/v1/s-core-models.css'; @import '/vision/productisation/includes/css/v1/global.css'; @import '/vision/productisation/includes/css/v1/colourway.css'; gloader.load(["glow", "1", "glow.anim", "glow.net", "glow.dom", "glow.embed"]); BBC.adverts.write("leaderboard",true); BBC.adverts.show("leaderboard"); British Broadcasting Corporation Home Accessibility links Skip to content Skip to local navigation Skip to bbc.co.uk navigation Skip to bbc.co.uk search ... Historic Figures Olaudah Equiano (c.1745 - 1797) a b c d ... z Olaudah Equiano, c.1789   Equiano was an African writer whose experiences as a slave prompted him to become involved in the British abolition movement. In his autobiography, Olaudah Equiano writes that he was born in the Eboe province, in the area that is now southern Nigeria. He describes how he was kidnapped with his sister at around the age of 11, sold by local slave traders and shipped across the Atlantic to Barbados and then Virginia. In the absence of written records it is not certain whether Equiano's description of his early life is accurate. Doubt also stems from the fact that, in later life, he twice listed a birthplace in the Americas. Apart from the uncertainty about his early years, everything Equiano describes in his extraordinary autobiography can be verified. In Virginia he was sold to a Royal Navy officer, Lieutenant Michael Pascal, who renamed him 'Gustavus Vassa' after the 16th-century Swedish king. Equiano travelled the oceans with Pascal for eight years, during which time he was baptised and learned to read and write.

2. Biographies Of Olaudah Equiano Biographies of Equiano Olaudah and more Equiano Olaudah biography. http://www.biography-center.com/biographies/4263-Equiano_Olaudah.html

Home Suggest a Biography Forum Contact ... Highest Rated Browse by Letter : A B C D ... Z Olaudah Equiano 1797 ) Category ( ) suggest a correction Rating Rating Rate 0(broken link) odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/LIT/equiano.htm Comment on this link Title : From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: Outline of American Literature: Early American and Colonial Period to 1776: Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c. 1745-c. 1797) Description : USA-project, outlines-area, An outline of American Litarature by Kathryn VanSpanckeren published by the United States Information Agency Rating Rating Rate 0(broken link) www.wwnorton.com/naal/explore/equiano.htm Comment on this link Rating Rating Rate 0(broken link) www.atomicage.com/equiano/life.html

3. Olaudah Equiano http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/equiano_olaudah.shtml. Image From http//hum.lss.wisc.edu/bplummer/hist330/olaudah.jpg http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01071/olaudahequiano.htm

Olaudah Equiano Information From: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/equiano_olaudah.shtml Image From: http://hum.lss.wisc.edu/bplummer/hist330/olaudah.jpg Print This Page Back To Famous Blacks

4. Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c.1745-c.1797) African/American Writer. (c.1745c.1797) African/American writer. Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) is famous for The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. http://classiclit.about.com/od/equianoolaudah/Equiano_Olaudah.htm

zWASL=1 zGL='0';zGR='ca-about-radlink'; zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Classic Literature Classic Literature Search Classic Literature Filed In: A-to-Z Writers A-to-Z Writers E - Writers - Last Names (c.1745-c.1797) African/American writer. Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) is famous for "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Written by Himself." Books About Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) is perhaps most famous for his autobiography, "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano," which dramatically depicts his kidnapping from an African village and his horrendous voyage to the West Indies and eventually to North America. His work is one of the famous slave narratives. Read more about his life. Slave Narratives Slave narratives are an important part of American literature. Writers like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs helped to dispell many of the misconceptions of slavery, as they revealed personal experiences. zSB(3,3)

5. Olaudah Equiano's Life Background information on the early African-American writer. http://www.atomicage.com/equiano/life.html

Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) was kidnapped from his African village at the age of eleven, shipped through the arduous "Middle Passage" of the Atlantic Ocean, seasoned in the West Indies and sold to a Virginia planter. He was later bought by a British naval Officer, Captain Pascal, as a present for his cousins in London. After ten years of enslavement throughout the North American continent, where he assisted his merchant slave master and worked as a seaman, Equiano bought his freedom. At the age of forty four he wrote and published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Written by Himself, which he registered at Stationer's Hall, London, in 1789. More than two centuries later, this work is recognized not only as one of the first works written in English by a former slave, but perhaps more important as the paradigm of the slave narrative, a new literary genre. Equiano recalls his childhood in Essaka (an Igbo village formerly in northeast Nigeria), where he was adorned in the tradition of the "greatest warriors." He is unique in his recollection of traditional African life before the advent of the European slave trade. Equally significant is Equiano's life on the high seas, which included not only travels throughout the Americas, Turkey and the Mediterranean; but also participation in major naval battles during the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), as well as in the search for a northwest passage led by the Phipps expedition of 1772-1773. Equiano also records his central role, along with Granville Sharpe, in the British Abolishionist Movement. As a major voice in this movement, Equiano petitioned the Queen of England in 1788. He was appointed to the expedition to settle London's poor Blacks in Sierra Leone, a British colony on the west coast of Africa. Sadly, he did not complete the journey back to his native land.

6. Olaudah Equiano, Or, Gustavus Vassa, The African A comprehensive introduction to Equiano's life and work, including a biography, extracts from his writing, images, links, and an extensive bibliography http://www.brycchancarey.com/equiano/

Home Slavery Abolition Equiano ... Site Index Olaudah Equiano, or, Gustavus Vassa, the African According to his famous autobiography, written in 1789, Olaudah Equiano (c.1745-1797) was born in what is now Nigeria. Kidnapped and sold into slavery in childhood, he was taken as a slave to the New World. As a slave to a captain in the Royal Navy, and later to a Quaker merchant, he eventually earned the price of his own freedom by careful trading and saving. As a seaman, he travelled the world, including the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, the Atlantic and the Arctic, the latter in an abortive attempt to reach the North Pole. Coming to London, he became involved in the movement to abolish the slave trade, an involvement which led to him writing and publishing The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African (1789) a strongly abolitionist autobiography. The book became a bestseller and, as well as furthering the anti-slavery cause, made Equiano a wealthy man. These web pages aim to reflect the best in Equiano scholarship. Click on the links below to find out more, and return to this site soon, as information is regularly updated. A Biography of Equiano A Map of Equiano's Travels An Annotated Bibliography of Equiano Studies Extracts from The Interesting Narrative Boarding a Slave-Ship The Middle Passage Equiano in Cornwall and Guernsey Equiano Gains His Freedom ... A Newspaper Advertisement for The Interesting Narrative , dated May 1789.

7. Olaudah Equiano - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Equiano, Olaudah Alternative names Short description Date of birth Place of birth Essaka, Benin Empire Date of death 31 March 1797 Place of death York PA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaudah_Equiano

Olaudah Equiano From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Olaudah Equiano (O-law-dew E-kwee-a-no) Born c. Essaka, Benin Empire Died 31 March 1797 (aged 52) Other names Gustavus Vassa, Graves Ethnicity Eboe Occupation explorer, writer Influence over British abolitionists; autobiography Spouse Susannah Cullen Children Joanna Vassa and Anna Maria Vassa Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745 – 31 March 1797), also known as Gustavus Vassa , was one of the most prominent Africans involved in the British movement of the abolition for the slave trade . His autobiography depicted the horrors of slavery and helped influence British lawmakers to abolish the slave trade through the Slave Trade Act of 1807 . Despite his enslavement as a young man, he purchased his freedom and worked as an author, merchant and explorer in South America, the Caribbean , the Arctic , the American colonies and the United Kingdom. Contents Early life Enslavement Seven Years war Pioneer of the abolitionist cause ... edit Early life Olaudah Equiano was born in Essaka, an Igbo village in the kingdom of Benin, in 1745. At the age of eleven, he was kidnapped with a younger sister by kinsmen and forced into domestic slavery in another native village. The region had a chieftain hierarchy tied to slavery. Until then Equiano had never seen a European white man.

8. Olaudah Equiano — Infoplease.com Olaudah Equiano. Gustavus Vassa abolitionist, writer Born c. 1745 Birthplace present day Nigeria. An Igbo, Equiano was captured and sold into slavery as a child. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0878502.html

Site Map FAQ in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Spelling Checker Daily Almanac for Nov 3, 2010 Search White Pages Skip Navigation Home American Indian Heritage Month ... games, quizzes Editor's Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Veterans Day Daylight Saving Time Infoplease's Facebook page ... DK Daily Teach Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Share Biography Olaudah Equiano Gustavus Vassa abolitionist, writer Born: c. 1745 Birthplace: present day Nigeria An Igbo, Equiano was captured and sold into slavery as a child. He was taken to the West Indies where his slave name became Gustavus, after a 16th century Swedish king. Taught to read and write, he was able to purchase his own freedom. Equiano made his way to London, where he worked briefly in a government office helping resettle blacks in Africa, probably making him the first black British civil servant. In 1789, he published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African, which had a strong abolitionist message. Though some critics called it propaganda, the book was a financial success. In 1792, Equiano married an Englishwoman, Susanna Cullen. They had two daughters.

9. Free Ebooks By Olaudah Equiano Free ebooks by from manybooks.net. Read on your PDA, Cellphone, or eBook reader! http://manybooks.net/authors/equianoo.html

Content Download Navigation Footer ... Mobile Site Go Advanced Search Authors Titles Genres ... Admin access The eBooks are FREE at manybooks.net If you paid anybody for access you should ask them for a refund. Olaudah Equiano Alias: Gustavus Vassa Life: The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African Written By Himself , [en] 1789 More Information Wikipedia WorldCat

10. Olaudah Equiano THEY CARRY OFF AS MANY AS THEY CAN SEIZE Olaudah Equiano, an Ibo from Nigeria, was just 11 years old when he was kidnapped into slavery. He was held captive in West Africa for http://aalbc.com/authors/olaudah.htm

The #1 Site for African American Literature Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa They...Carry off as many as they can seize A multitude of people...chained together Olaudah Equiano offers a first- hand account of his arrival in the West-Indies Religion " THEY...CARRY OFF AS MANY AS THEY CAN SEIZE " Olaudah Equiano, an Ibo from Nigeria, was just 11 years old when he was kidnapped into slavery. He was held captive in West Africa for seven months and then sold to British slavers, who shipped him to Barbados and then took him to Virginia. After serving a British naval officer, he was sold to a Quaker merchant from Philadelphia who allowed him to purchase his freedom in 1766. In later life, he played an active role in the movement to abolish the slave trade. Source: The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African (London, 1789). " A MULTITUDE OF BLACK PEOPLE...CHAINED TOGETHER " Olaudah Equiano vividly recounts the shock and isolation that he felt during the Middle Passage to Barbados and his fear that the European slavers would eat him. I took a little down my palate, which, instead of reviving me as they thought it would, threw me into the greatest consternation at the strange feeling it produced, having never tasted such liquor before. Soon after this, the blacks who had brought me on board went off and left me abandoned to despair.

11. The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Etext of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/equiano.html

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African Born in Benin in the late 18th century, Equiano was enslaved as a young boy and passed through a variety of experiences, many of them horrible; but he managed to acquire enough learning and independence to become a major voice advocating an end to slavery. His Narrative, written in English in 1789, immediately became a sensation, and has remained a classic source for our knowledge about the European slave trade from the point of view of the slave. In what ways does Equiano contrast slavery within Africa with the sort of slavery he encountered in the western hemisphere? What sufferings does he describe on the slave ship crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean? In what ways were slaves cheated by whites? Description of his early life. Enslavement On the slave ship Life in slavery It was very common in several of the islands, particularly in St Kitt's, for the slaves to be branded with the initial letters of their master's name, and a load of heavy iron hooks hung about their necks. Indeed on the most trifling occasions they were loaded with chains, and often instruments of torture were added. The iron muzzle, thumbscrews, etc. are so well known as not to need a description, and were sometimes applied for the slightest faults. I have seen a negro beaten till some of his bones were broken for even letting a pot boil over. It is surprising that usage like this should drive the poor creatures to despair and make them seek refuge in death from those evils which render their lives intolerable while

12. Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (London, 1789; vol. I) Hanover Historical Texts Project http://history.hanover.edu/texts/equiano/equiano_contents.html

Olaudah Equiano The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (London, 1789; vol. I) Hanover Historical Texts Project Scanned and proofread by Kathleen Diekhoff, May 1998. Proofread and posted by Raluca Preotu, August 1999. Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001. Table of Contents Epistle Dedicatory "To the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain." Chapter I The author's account of his country, and their manners and customsAdministration of justice EmbrencheMarriage ceremony, and public entertainmentsMode of living-DressManufactures BuildingsCommerce AgricultureWar and religionSuperstition of the nativesFuneral ceremonies of the priests or magiciansCurious mode of discovering poisonSome hints concerning the origin of the author's countrymen, with the opinions of different writers on that subject. Chapter II The author's birth and parentageHis being kidnapped with his sisterTheir separation-surprise at meeting againAre finally separatedAccount of the different places and incidents the author met with till his arrival on the coastThe effect the sight of a slave ship had on himHe sails for the West IndiesHorrors of a slave shipArrives at Barbadoes, where the cargo is sold and dispersed. Chapter III The author is carried to VirginiaHis distressSurprise at seeing a picture and a watchIs bought by Captain Pascal, and sets out for EnglandHis terror during the voyageArrives in EnglandHis Wonder at a fall of snowIs sent to Guernsey and in some time goes on board a ship of war with his masterSome account of the expedition against Louisbourg under the command of Admiral Boscawen in 1758.

13. PAL: Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) Information and links from Paul Reuben s PAL website. http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap2/equiano.html

PAL: Perspectives in American Literature - A Research and Reference Guide - An Ongoing Project Paul P. Reuben (To send an email, please click on my name above.) Chapter 2: Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) Primary Works Selected BibliographY 1980-Present Study Questions MLA Style Citation of this Web Page ... Home Page Source: Olaudah Equiano Among the tradition of slave narratives, Equiano's is considered a remarkable achievement since the autobiographical style was not a well-developed genre in the eighteenth century. His narrative has vivid and concrete details and is written in the picaresque style. Equiano also provides a detailed account of the his kidnapping, his trek through the jungles, his arrival at the sea coast, and the arduous crossing of the Atlantic in the belly of a slave ship. Primary Works The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself E-Text Equiano's Travels: His Autobiography , ed. Paul Edwards, 1967. The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by himself.

14. Africans In America/Part 1/Olaudah Equiano Captured far from the African coast when he was a boy of 11, Olaudah Equiano was sold into slavery, later acquired his freedom, and, in 1789, wrote his widelyread autobiography, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p276.html

document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js' %3E%3C/script%3E")); Part 2: 1750-1805 Part 3: 1791-1831 Part 4: 1831-1865 Narrative Resource Bank Teacher's Guide Olaudah Equiano Resource Bank Contents Captured far from the African coast when he was a boy of 11, Olaudah Equiano was sold into slavery, later acquired his freedom, and, in 1789, wrote his widely-read autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African The youngest son of a village leader, Equiano was born among the Ibo people in the kingdom of Benin, along the Niger River. He was "the greatest favourite with [his] mother." His family expected to follow in his father's footsteps and become a chief, an elder, a judge. Slavery was an intregal part of the Ibo culture, as it was with many other African peoples. His family owned slaves, but there was also a continual threat of being abducted, of becoming someone else's slave. This is what happened, one day, while Equiano and his sister were at home alone. Two men and a woman captured the children. Several days later Equiano and his sister were separated. Equiano continued to travel farther and farther from home, day after day, month after month, exchanging masters along the way. Equiano's early experiences as a slave were not all disagreeable; some families treated Equiano almost as a part of the family. The kind treatment, however, was about to end.

15. OLAUDAH EQUIANO Term Papers - OLAUDAH EQUIANO Research Papers From JunglePage This paper discusses the concept of Race and Religion in American society and in the abolitionist literature Interesting Narrative by Olaudah Equiano. Olaudah Equiano http://www.junglepage.com/term_papers/olaudah_equiano.html

16. Equiano, Olaudah - Hutchinson Encyclopedia Article About Equiano African antislavery campaigner and writer. He travelled widely as a free man. His autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Equiano, Olaudah

17. Olaudah Equiano - Images - The Abolition Of The Slave Trade Equiano, Olaudah, The interesting narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African / written by himself. (published 1790), London http://abolition.nypl.org/images/us_slave_trade/4/40

The Abolition of The Slave Trade Home Essays Texts Images ... Search Images: African Origins in the U.S. Read About U.S. Slave Trade View Thumbnails Previous Image Next Image Magnify Image Request A Copy Equiano, Olaudah, The interesting narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African / written by himself. (published 1790), London : Printed for and sold by The Author, 1790. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture / Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division ID# 485601 Olaudah Equiano Equiano (c. 1745-1797), the son of a Southeastern Nigerian notable, was kidnapped at the age of 10 and taken to Virginia. A sailor, he bought his freedom and became a writer and abolitionist. Equiano's acclaimed autobiography, Interesting Narrative, published in 1789 had eight British editions and one American publication in his lifetime and 10 posthumously, including Dutch and German translations. View All Images Introduction The Growth in Arrivals The Main Areas of Destination African Origins in the U.S. Peoples from the Kongo and the Bight of Biafra Senegambia, the Gold Coast, and the Bight of Benin

18. From Slavery To Freedom · A Look Into The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Biography of the former slave provides information regarding the middle passage, with graphic images of Olaudah Equiano, slave ships, and a map of the middle passage. http://www.freewebs.com/keema/

19. Olaudah Equiano: A Critical Biography This page contains an illustrated biography of Olaudah Equiano, or, Gustavus Vassa, the African. Author of The Interesting Narrative, and a former slave http://www.brycchancarey.com/equiano/biog.htm

Home Slavery Abolition Equiano ... Site Index Olaudah Equiano: A Critical Biography Almost everything we know about the first ten years of Equiano's life we find from Equiano's own account in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African , published in 1789. In this, Equiano tells us that he was born around the year 1745 in an area called 'Eboe' in Guinea. Ibo (or Igbo) is one of the main languages of present day Nigeria. Equiano tells us that he was the son of a chief, and that at about the age of eleven he and his sister were kidnapped while out playing, and were marched to the coast and put on board a slave ship . Equiano then endured the middle passage on a slave ship bound for the New World. Equiano's accounts of Africa and the middle passage have became famous. In recent years, however, it has been suggested by Vincent Carretta that Equiano may not have been born in Africa at all. According to Carretta, Equiano may have been born a slave in South Carolina - at that time one of the thirteen British colonies in North America. Indeed, if Carretta's evidence - Equiano's baptismal records, and a naval muster roll - is accurate, there is a possibility that Equiano never visited Africa. The early parts of his autobiography may reflect the oral history of other slaves, combined with information Equiano gleaned from books he had read about Africa. click here for a summary of the main arguments on both sides of the debate.

20. Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano was born in Essaka, an Igbo village in the kingdom of Benin, in 1745 Olaudah Equiano. Olaudah Equiano http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Sequiano.htm

Home Email Search Author ... Index Page Olaudah Equiano was born in Essaka, an Igbo village in the kingdom of Benin, in 1745. His father was one of the province's elders who decided disputes. When he was about eleven, Equiano was kidnapped and after six months of captivity he was brought to the coast where he encountered white men for the first time. Sold to slave-traders, Equiano was transported to Barbados. After a two-week stay in the West Indies Equiano was sent to the English colony of Virginia. He was later purchased by Captain Henry Pascal, a British naval officer. Equiano saved whatever money he could, and in 1766 purchased his freedom. He then worked closely with Granvile Sharpe and Thomas Clarkson in the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade Equiano spoke at a large number of public meetings where he described the cruelty of the slave trade. Equiano was also a close friend of Thomas Hardy , secretary of the London Corresponding Society . Equiano became an active member of this political society that campaigned in favour of universal suffrage. In 1787 Equiano helped his friend

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