41. Herodotus Biography Summary | BookRags.com herodotus summary with 131 pages of lesson plans, quotes, chapter summaries, analysis, encyclopedia entries, essays, research information, and more. http://www.bookrags.com/Herodotus

42. Herodotus: Xerxes At The Hellespont Translated story by herodotus. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_1/herodotus.ht

Herodotus: The Histories: Xerxes at the Hellespont (mid 5th Century BCE) What incidents described below depict Xerxes as superstitious? As tyrannical? They then began to build bridges across the Hellespont from Abydos to that headland between Sestus and Madytus, the Phoenicians building one of ropes made from flax, and the Egyptians building a second one out of papyrus. From Abydos to the opposite shore it is a distance of almost two-thirds of a mile. But no sooner had the strait been bridged than a great storm came on and cut apart and scattered all their work. Xerxes flew into a rage at this, and he commanded that the Hellespont be struck with three hundred strokes of the whip and that a pair of foot-chains be thrown into the sea. It's even been said that he sent off a rank of branders (1) along with the rest to the Hellespont! He also commanded the scourgers to speak outlandish and arrogant words: "You hateful water, our master lays his judgement on you thus, for you have unjustly punished him even though he's done you no wrong! Xerxes the king will pass over you, whether you wish it or not! It is fitting that no man offer you sacrifices, (2)

43. Herodotus Definition Of Herodotus In The Free Online Encyclopedia. herodotus (hērŏd`ətəs), 484?–425? B.C., Greek historian, called the Father of History, b. Halicarnassus, Asia Minor. Only scant knowledge of his life can be gleaned from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Herodotus

44. Herodotus - Wikiquote herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek Ἡρόδοτος, Hēr dotos) (c. 484 BC – c. 425 BC) was a historian, known for his writings on the conflict between Greece and Persia http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Herodotus

45. Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Hellenes & Phoenicians, C. 430 BCE As written by herodotus. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/430phoenicia.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Book I, ''1-2 The Phoenicians, who had formerly dwelt on the shores of the Persian Gulf, having migrated to the Mediterranean and settled in the parts which they now inhabit, began at once, they say, to adventure on long voyages, freighting their vessels with the wares of Egypt and Assyria. They landed at many places on the coast, and among the rest at Argos, which was then pre-eminent above all the states included now under the common name of Hellas Book V, ''57-59 Phoenician. I have myself seen Cadmean writing in the temple of Ismenian Apollo at Boeotian Thebes engraved on certain tripods and for the most part looking like Ionian letters. Source: From: Herodotus, The History, Scanned by: J. S. Arkenberg, Dept. of History, Cal. State Fullerton. Prof. Arkenberg has modernized the text. This text is part of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook . The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. � Paul Halsall, August 1998

46. Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Queen Tomyris Of The Massagetai And The D Written account by herodotus. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tomyris.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Queen Tomyris of the Massagetai and the Defeat of the Persians under Cyrus I.201: When Cyrus had achieved the conquest of the Babylonians, he conceived the desire of bringing the Massagetai under his dominion. Now the Massagetai are said to be a great and warlike nation, dwelling eastward, toward the rising of the sun, beyond the river Araxes, and opposite the Issedonians. By many they are regarded as a Scythian race. I.215: In their dress and mode of living the Massagetai resemble the Scythians. They fight both on horseback and on foot, neither method is strange to them: they use bows and lances, but their favorite weapon is the battle-axe. Their arms are all either of gold or brass. For their spear-points, and arrow-heads, and for their battle-axes, they make use of brass; for head-gear, belts, and girdles, of gold. So too with the caparison of their horses, they give them breastplates of brass, but employ gold about the reins, the bit, and the cheek-plates. They use neither iron nor silver, having none in their country; but they have brass and gold in abundance. I.216:

47. Herodotus | Define Herodotus At Dictionary.com –noun 484?–425? b.c., Greek historian. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Herodotus

48. Ancient History Sourcebook: Reports Of The Etruscans, C. 430 BCE - 10 CE Excerpts from herodotus and Livy. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/etrucans2.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Reports of the Etruscans, c. 430 BCE - 10 CE Herodotus: The Histories , c. 430 BCE, I.94 The Lydians have very nearly the same customs as the Hellenes, with the exception that these last do not bring up their girls the same way. So far as we have any knowledge, the Lydians were the first to introduce the use of gold and silver coin, and the first who sold good retail. They claim also the invention of all the games which are common to them with the Hellenes. These they declare that they invented about the time when they colonized Tyrrhenia [ i.e., Etruria], an event of which they give the following account. In the days of Atys the son of Manes, there was great scarcity through the whole land of Lydia. For some time the Lydians bore the affliction patiently, but finding that it did not pass away, they set to work to devise remedies for the evil. Various expedients were discovered by various persons: dice, knuckle-bones, and ball, and all such games were invented, except checkers, the invention of which they do not claim as theirs. The plan adopted against the famine was to engage in games one day so entirely as not to feel any craving for food, and the next day to eat and abstain from games. In this way they passed eighteen years. Still the affliction continued, and even became worse. So the king determined to divide the nation in half, and to make the two portions draw lots, the one to stay, the other to leave the land. He would continue to reign over those whose lot it should be to remain behind; the emigrants should have his son Tyrrhenus for their leader. The lot was cast, and they who had to emigrate went down to Smyrna, and built themselves ships, in which, after they had put on board all needful stores, they sailed away in search of new homes and better sustenance. After sailing past many countries, they came to Umbria, where they built cities for themselves, and fixed their residence. Their former name of Lydians they laid aside, and called themselves after the name of the king

49. Herodotus - Simple English Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia herodotus of Helicarnassus was an Ancient Greek historian who lived between 484 BC and 425 BC. He was probably born to a rich family in Halicarnassus, a town in southwest Asia http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus

Herodotus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Herodotus of Helicarnassus Herodotus of Helicarnassus was an Ancient Greek historian who lived between 484 BC and 425 BC . He was probably born to a rich family in Halicarnassus , a town in south-west Asia Minor (which is now Bodrum, Turkey Herodotus is considered by many to be the "Father of History" for his writings about the ancient empires of Babylon Egypt , and Persia , and about the Ancient Greeks. During his life, Herodotus probably told his stories in front of large numbers of people in Greek cities. He may have been paid money for this. He is now most famous for his writings about the wars between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states . He told the story from the Greek side, although the war was mostly finished when he was still a child. In his books, Herodotus tells us that he travelled a lot. He says that he went to what is now Italy , the Ukraine Egypt , and Sicily . He may also have travelled to Babylon . He often used stories from people he met to write about other places and happenings. Some people think that Herodotus wrote about things that were not true. This is possible, but it is also possible that he thought these things

50. True Strength Hercules And Amazon; Africa's Native Heroes Yesterday, Today And T herodotus wrote about Hercules as being Ethiopian and Egyptian in origin. This book excerpt reveals that Hercules was actually of African descent. http://pages.prodigy.net/saraswati/

True Strength Hercules and Amazon; Africa's Native Heroes Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow: The Heroic African Legacy! Forget what you learned in the movies, this is the REAL HERCULES!!! " Black he stood as night, His bow uncased, his arrow strung for flight". Homer wrote this verse to describe the legendary first world hero known as Hercules. The first verse with some modification could also be true of the legendary first world heroine, the Amazon. They were two African world teachers who left a legacy of goodwill which was emulated by their successors. Hercules and Amazon were the prototypes of the solar hero and heroine whose origins in Africa came forth as inspiration in the development of schools. In Ethiopia schools were established for the training of the mind, body and will. Training and education for these schools spread to Egypt, the Middle East, India, Ireland, and other places in Europe. In every era and in various countries men and women and men trained and educated themselves to help humanity. This is even true today. These helpers were teachers, the first law enforcement officers, and ambassadors of good will whereever they traveled. They encouraged the arts and sciences too. Stories of their great deeds have come to our present age as legends. Myths behind the stories are elements of historical events. Hollywood has erroneously presented Hercules and Amazon exclusively as heroes of European ancestry , and without emphasis on their role as teachers.

51. The Internet Classics Archive | The History Of Herodotus By Herodotus The History of herodotus by herodotus, part of the Internet Classics Archive http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.1.i.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Commentary: Quite a few comments have been posted about The History of Herodotus Download: A text-only version is available for download The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson Table of Contents Book I Clio These are the researches of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, which he publishes, in the hope of thereby preserving from decay the remembrance of what men have done, and of preventing the great and wonderful actions of the Greeks and the Barbarians from losing their due meed of glory; and withal to put on record what were their grounds of feuds. According to the Persians best informed in history, the Phoenicians began to quarrel. This people, who had formerly dwelt on the shores of the Erythraean Sea, having migrated to the Mediterranean and settled in the parts which they now inhabit, began at once, they say, to adventure on long voyages, freighting their vessels with the wares of Egypt and Assyria. They landed at many places on the coast, and among the rest at Argos, which was then preeminent

52. Ancient Transylvanian History, Orastie Region Local history, from pre-literate times and the kingdom of the Dacians up through herodotus observations. Includes mythology and linguistics. http://www.angelfire.com/md/Orastie/History.html

If interested in Ancient European History here are some interesting informations. Ancient Romanian history starting with early Indo-European tribes and later on developing in early European civilizations. Today's Romania is a direct descendent of those tribes "Getae" named by the Greeks and "Dacian" by Romans. THE CHRONOLOGICAL BEGINNING - Chronological description of events starting with The Big Bang CUCUTENI POTTERY The "Pre-Cucuteni" culture is considered by the American historian Marija Gimbutas for being the oldest European culture with the pre Indo-European population at its development apogee between 5,000 - 4,000 B.C. " It would have sustained cities. It did start to develop into an urban culture, especially in one area of the Cucuteni civilization which is presently Romania and the western part of the Ukraine. There we have cities of ten to fifteen thousand inhabitants in around 4,000 B.C. So urban development began, but it was truncated." DECEBAL - King of Dacia (Ancient Romania), his forts and castles mostly located in Orastie Region THE GETAE - Early Romanian civilization as described by Herodotus and other early historians HERODOT -Napoleon Bonaparte once said: "History is written by the winner" and he's right!

53. Herodotus - Research And Read Books, Journals, Articles At Questia herodotus Scholarly books, journals and articles herodotus at Questia, world's largest online library and research service. Subscribe now and do better research, faster with http://www.questia.com/library/history/historians/herodotus.jsp

54. Ancient History Sourcebook: Documents Of The Founding Of Cyrene, C. 630 BCE Excerpt from herodotus s The History, c. 430 B.C. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/630cyrene.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Documents of the Founding of Cyrene, c. 630 BCE Herodotus, The History , c. 430 B.C. Book IV, ''150-151, 153, 156-159 Grinus (they say), the son of Aesanius, a descendant of Theras, and king of the island of Thera, went to Delphi to offer a hecatomb on behalf of his native city. On Grinus consulting the oracle about sundry matters, the Pythoness gave him for answer, "that he should found a city in Libya." When the embassy returned to Thera, small account was taken of the oracle, as the Therans were quite ignorant where Libya was. The Therans who had left Corobius at Platea, when they reached Thera, told their countrymen that they had colonized an island on the coast of Libya. They of Thera, upon this, resolved that men should be sent to join the colony from each of their seven districts, and that the brothers in every family should draw lots to determine who were to go. Upon this the Therans sent out Battus with two penteconters , and with these he proceeded to Libya; but within a little time, not knowing what else to do, the men returned and arrived back off Thera. The Therans, when they saw the vessels approaching, received them with showers of missiles, would not allow them to come near the shore, and ordered the men to sail back from whence they came. Thus compelled, they settled on Platea.

55. Herodotus Greek Historian Herodotus Father Of History herodotus the Greek historian and writer of the Histories who was known as the father of history or the father of lies. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/herodotus/Historian_Herodotus.htm

zWASL=1 zGL='0';zGR='ca-about-radlink'; zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Ancient / Classical History Ancient / Classical History Search Ancient History Wars Filed In: People and Places People Historians Herodotus the Greek historian and writer of the Histories who was known as the father of history or the father of lies. Herodotus - About Herodotus The Greek historian Herodotus is known as the father of history. Herodotus Histories Herodotus, the Greek historian known as the Father of History, describes a debate on the three government types, in which proponents of each type tell what's wrong or right with democracy. zSB(3,3) Diodorus and Thermopylae Although we usually turn to Book VII of Herodotus to read about the Persian War, there are other accounts of the Battle of Thermopylae where the 300 Spartans famously sacrificed themselves for the good of all the Greeks, including that of Diodorus Siculus (c. 90 - c. 30 B.C.), who wrote about the Battle of Thermopylae in his Bibliotheke Books 11-16.

56. Ancient History Sourcebook: Reports Of The Origins Of Athens, C. 430 BCE - 110 C Text as written by herodotus, Thucydides, Plutarch, and Aristotle, c. 430 B.C.E - 110 C.E. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/athens-origins.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Reports of The Origins of Athens, c. 430 BCE - 110 CE Herodotus, from Histories , c. 430 BCE., I.56-59 Thucydides: from The History of the Peloponnesian War , c. 404 BCE, II.5 Plutarch: from The Life of Theseus , c. 110 CE Aristotle: from The Athenian Constitution , c. 330 BCE Herodotus from The History, c. 430 B.C., I.56-59 Thucydides from The History of the Peloponnesian War , c. 404 B.C., II.5 In the days of Kecrops and the first kings, down to the reign of Theseos, Attica was divided into communes, having their own town halls and magistrates. Except in case of alarm, the whole people did not assemble in council under the king, but administered their own affairs, and advised together in their several townships. Some of them at times even went to war with the king, as the Eleusinians under Eumolpos with King Erectheos. But when Theseos came to the throne, he, being a powerful as well as a wise ruler, among other improvements in the administration of the country, dissolved the councils and separate governments, and united all the inhabitants of Attica in the present city, establishing one council and town hall. They continued to live on their own lands, but he compelled them to resort to Athens as their metropolis i.e.

57. InterTran - Translate Between 1,482 Language Pairs herodotus (Greek Ἡρόδοτος Hēr dotos) was an ancient Greek affair who lived set on in spite of the fact that 5th centuryBC (c. 484BC – c. 425BC ). http://www6.tranexp.com:2000/Translate/index.shtml?from=nor&to=eng&type=

58. Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: The Carthaginian Attack On Sicily, 480 BC An excerpt from the writings of herodotus, 480 B.C.E. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/480carthage.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: The Carthaginian Attack on Sicily, 480 BCE VII.165: VII.166: They say too, that the victory of Gelo and Thero in Sicily over Hamilcar the Carthaginian fell out upon the very day that the Hellenes defeated the Persians at Salamis. Hamilcar, who was a Carthaginian on his father's side only, but on his mother's a Syracusan, and who had been raised by his merit to the throne of Carthage, after the battle and the defeat, as I am informed, disappeared from sight: Gelo made the strictest search for him, but he could not be found anywhere, either dead or alive. VII.167: The Carthaginians, who take probability for their guide, give the following account of this matter: Hamilcar, they say, during all the time that the battle raged between the Hellenes and the barbarians, which was from early dawn till evening, remained in the camp, sacrificing and seeking favorable omens, while he burned on a huge pyre the entire bodies of the victims which he offered. Here, as he poured libations upon the sacrifices, he saw the rout of his army; whereupon he cast himself headlong into the flames, and so was consumed and disappeared. But whether Hamilcar's disappearance happened, as the Phoenicians tell us, in this way, or, as the Syracusans maintain, in some other, certain it is that the Carthaginians offer him sacrifice, and in all their colonies have monuments erected to his honor, as well as one, which is the grandest of all, at Carthage. Thus much concerning the affairs of Sicily.

59. Herodotus — Infoplease.com Encyclopedia herodotus. herodotus (hērod' u t u s) , 484?–425? B.C., Greek historian, called the Father of History, b. Halicarnassus, Asia Minor. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0823532.html

60. Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Artemisia At Salamis, 480 BCE Selection from The History, 480 B.C.E. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/480artemisia.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Artemisia at Salamis, 480 BCE VII.99: VIII.68: Mardonius accordingly went round the entire assemblage, beginning with the Sidonian monarch, and asked this question; to which all gave the same answer, advising to engage the Hellenes, except only Artemisia, who spoke as follows: "Say to the king, Mardonius, that these are my words to him: I was not the least brave of those who fought at Euboia, nor were my achievements there among the meanest; it is my right, therefore, O my lord, to tell you plainly what I think to be most for your advantage now. This then is my advice: VIII.69: As Artemisia spoke, they who wished her well were greatly troubled concerning her words, thinking that she would suffer some hurt at the king's hands, because she exhorted him not to risk a battle; they, on the other hand, who disliked and envied her, favored as she was by the king above all the rest of the allies, rejoiced at her declaration, expecting that her life would be the forfeit. But Xerxes, when the words of the several speakers were reported to him, was pleased beyond all others with the reply of Artemisia; and whereas, even before this, he had always esteemed her much, he now praised her more than ever. Nevertheless, he gave orders that the advice of the greater number should be followed; for he thought that at Euboia the fleet had not done its best, because he himself was not there to see-whereas this time he resolved that he would be an eye-witness of the combat.

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