1. Ancient History Sourcebook: Polybius : Rome At The End Of The Punic Wars [Histor English translation of Book 6 of polybius History http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius6.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE) Rome at the End of the Punic Wars History , Book 6] [Thatcher Introduction]: ROME, with the end of the third Punic war, 146 B. C., had completely conquered the last of the civilized world. The best authority for this period of her history is Polybius. He was born in Arcadia, in 204 B. C., and died in 122 B. C. Polybius was an officer of the Achaean League, which sought by federating the Peloponnesus to make it strong enough to keep its independence against the Romans, but Rome was already too strong to be resisted, and arresting a thousand of the most influential members, sent them to Italy to await trial for conspiracy. Polybius had the good fortune, during seventeen years exile, to be allowed to live with the Scipios. He was present at the destructions of Carthage and Corinth, in 146 B. C., and did more than anyone else to get the Greeks to accept the inevitable Roman rule. Polybius is the most reliable, but not the most brilliant, of ancient historians. An Analysis of the Roman Government Rome And Carthage Compared An Analysis of the Roman Government In all these things that have now been mentioned, the people has no share. To those, therefore, who come to reside in Rome during the absence of the consuls, the government appears to be purely aristocratic. Many of the Greeks, especially, and of the foreign princes, are easily led into this persuasion: when they perceive that almost all the affairs, which they are forced to negotiate with the Romans, are determined by the senate.

2. Ancient History Sourcebook: Polybius: The Character Of Hannibal From the 1889 translation of polybius work by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-hannibal.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE) The Character of Hannibal The Histories , Book IX, Chapters 22-26: Of all that befell the Romans and Carthaginians, good or bad, the cause was one man and one mind-Hannibal. For it is notorious that he managed the Italian campaigns in person, and the Spanish by the agency of the elder of his brothers, Hasdrubal, and subsequently by that of Mago, the leaders who killed the two Roman generals in Spain about the same time. Again, he conducted the Sicilian campaign first through Hippocrates and afterwards through Myttonus the Libyan. So also in Greece and Illyria: and, by brandishing before their faces the dangers arising from these latter places, he was enabled to distract the attention of the Romans thanks to his understanding with King Philip [Philip V, King of Macedon]. So great and wonderful is the influence of a Man, and a mind duly fitted by original constitution for any undertaking within the reach of human powers. But since the position of affairs has brought us to inquiry into the genius of Hannibal, the occasion seems to me to demand that I should explain in regard to him the peculiarities of his character which have been especially the subject of controversy. Some regard him as having been extraordinarily cruel, some exceedingly grasping of money. But to speak the truth of him, or of any person engaged in public affairs, is not easy. Some maintain that men's natures are brought out by their circumstances, and that they are detected when in office, or as some say when in misfortunes, though they have up to that time completely maintained their secrecy. 1, on the contrary, do not regard this as a sound dictum. For I think that men in these circumstances are compelled, not occasionally but frequently, either by the suggestions of friends or the complexity of affairs, to speak and act contrary to real principles.

3. Polybius • Histories — Book 10 Fragments from the book, published in public domain. Contains his affairs of Italy, Spain, Greece and Asia. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/10*.html

4. Polybius - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia polybius (ca. 200–118 BC), Greek Πολύβιος) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his book called The Histories covering in detail the period of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius

Polybius From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search For other uses, see Polybius (disambiguation) Wounded Philopoemen by David d'Angers Louvre Polybius (ca. 200–118 BC), Greek ) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his book called The Histories covering in detail the period of 220–146 BC. He is also renowned for his ideas of political balance in government, which were later used in Montesquieu 's The Spirit of the Laws and in the drafting of the United States Constitution Contents Origins Personal experiences Rome As historian ... edit Origins Polybius was born around 202 BC in Megalopolis Arcadia , which at that time was an active member of the Achaean League . His father Lycortas was a prominent landowning politician and member of the governing class. This gave Polybius firsthand opportunities to gain an insight into military and political affairs. Polybius developed an interest in horse riding and hunting, diversions which helped later to commend him to his Roman captors. In 182 BC Polybius was chosen to carry the funeral urn of Philopoemen which was quite an honor as Philopoemen was the most eminent Achaean politician of his generation. In 170 or 169 BC Polybius was elected

5. Polybius: The First Punic War home index ancient Carthage ancient Rome First Punic War article by polybius of Megalopolis polybius the First Punic War http://www.livius.org/ps-pz/punic_war/polybius_1_11.html

home index ancient Carthage ancient Rome ... First Punic War : article by Polybius of Megalopolis Polybius: the First Punic War According to the Greek historian Polybius of Megalopolis (c.200-c.118), the First Punic War (264-241) between Carthage and Rome was "the longest and most severely contested war in history". And indeed, it lasted almost a quarter of a century and probably, a million people lost their lives. In the end, Rome had conquered the island of Sicily , and had become a Mediterranean superpower. Polybius' World History was translated by W.R. Paton. Book 1, chapter ... and, even at the end, the Senate did not sanction the proposal for the reason given above, considering that the objection on the score of inconsistency was equal in weight to the advantage to be derived from intervention. The People's Assembly, however, worn out as they were by the recent wars and in need of any and every kind of restorative, listened readily to the military commanders, who, besides giving the reasons above stated for the general advantageousness of the war, pointed out the great benefit in the way of plunder which each and every one would evidently derive from it. They were therefore in favor of sending help; and when the measure had been passed by the people they appointed to the command one of the consuls Appius Claudius , who was ordered to cross to Messana.

6. Polybius (game) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia polybius is a supposed arcade game featured in an Internet urban legend. According to the story, the Tempeststyle game was released to the public in 1981, and caused its players to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius_(game)

Polybius (game) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page It needs additional references or sources for verification Tagged since September 2007. It may need reorganization to meet Wikipedia's quality standards Tagged since May 2010. This article includes a list of references , related reading or external links , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate (February 2008) Polybius is a supposed arcade game featured in an Internet urban legend . According to the story, the Tempest -style game was released to the public in 1981, and caused its players to go insane, causing them to suffer from intense stress, horrific nightmares, and even suicidal tendencies. A short time after its release, it supposedly disappeared without a trace. No evidence for the existence of such a game has ever been discovered. Contents Story Steven Roach PC game Popular culture ... edit Story According to the story, an unheard-of new arcade game appeared in several suburbs of

7. Famous Quotes By Polybius | Quotes Daddy polybius largest online collection of Famous Quotes and Quotations Page 1 http://www.quotesdaddy.com/author/Polybius

8. Polybius: Definition From Answers.com (born c. 200, Megalopolis, Arcadia, Greece — died c. 118 BC ) Greek statesman and historian. Son of an Achaean statesman, polybius was one of 1,000 eminent Achaeans deported http://www.answers.com/topic/polybius

9. Polybius Quotes - The Quotations Page polybius, History Those who know how to win are much more numerous than those who know how to make proper use of their victories. http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Polybius/

Quotation Search by keyword or author: Home Weblog Quotes of the Day Motivational ... Read books online at our other site: The Literature Page Quotations by Author Polybius (205 BC - 118 BC) Greek historian [more author details] Showing quotations 1 to 2 of 2 total There is no witness so dreadful, no accuser so terrible as the conscience that dwells in the heart of every man. Polybius History Those who know how to win are much more numerous than those who know how to make proper use of their victories. Polybius History - More quotations on: [ Victory Search for Polybius at Amazon.com Showing quotations 1 to 2 of 2 total Previous Author: Robert C. Pollock Next Author: Gail Pool Return to Author List Browse our complete list of 3141 authors by last name: A B C D ... Z (c) 1994-2010 QuotationsPage.com and Michael Moncur Please read the

10. Polybius Extracts from polybius 400 and 200 B CE Chuang Tzu Mencius Bhagavad Gita Epicurus Asoka Euclid Xunzi Han FeiTzu Koheleth polybius http://www.humanistictexts.org/polybius.htm

Authors born between 400 and 200 B CE Chuang Tzu Mencius Bhagavad Gita Epicurus ... Koheleth [ Polybius ] Click Up For A Summary Of Each Author Contents Introduction The Roman Conquest The Importance of a Constitution The Cycle of Six Forms of Government ... Source Introduction Polybius (c.203-122 BCE) was born in Megalopolis, Arcadia, a Greek city that was an active member of the Achaean League, of which his father, Lycortas, was at one time leader. Polybius advanced politically in the League and reached a position from which he, too, could have become its leader. However, after the Romans conquered Macedonia, they stabilized their control of the area by purging Greek cities of their leaders. One thousand of the principal Achaeans were deported to Italy. Polybius was fortunate in that L. Aemilius Paulus interceded for him and made him tutor of his sons Scipio and Fabius in Rome. A friendship developed that led Scipio to take Polybius with him as an advisor on political and military matters. Polybius was thus able to move in the highest circles in Rome and to witness major Roman military campaigns in the Mediterranean region. This gave him a unique opportunity as a Greek to analyze the successful expansion of Rome and to record the principles involved as a lesson for future statesmen, notably those in Greece, who he hoped would profit from his work. Polybius�s analysis is contained in his Histories�forty volumes describing the constitution of Rome and the sequence of Roman conquests. It has a strong political slant and represents an early attempt at a universal history rather than the history of a single people. Polybius set out to show how many different regions were merged by the Romans into a single whole.

11. Siege Of Syracuse (Polybius) U NIVERSAL H ISTORY. by polybius (c. 200118 BC) BOOK VIII. 3. After Epicydes and Hippocrates had seized power in Syracuse, they managed to transfer the friendship and allegiance which their http://www.mcs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Siege/Polybius.html

P O L Y B I U S Back to . . . Archimedes Home Page This section . . . Introduction Polybius Livy Plutarch Dio Cassius U NIVERSAL H ISTORY by Polybius (c. 200-118 BC BOOK VIII T he strength of the defences of Syracuse is due to the fact that the city wall extends in a circle along high ground with steeply overhanging crags, which are by no means easy to climb, except at certain definite points, even if the approach is uncontested. Accordingly Archimedes had constructed the defences of the city in such a wayboth on the landward side and to repel any attack from the seathat there was no need for the defenders to busy themselves with improvisations; instead they would have everything ready to hand, and could respond to any attack by the enemy with a counter-move. For his part Appius Claudius Pulcher, who was equipped with penthouses and scaling-ladders, brought these into operation to attack the part of the wall which adjoins the Hexapyli gate to the east. Meanwhile Marcellus was attacking the quarter of Arcradina from the sea with sixty quinqueremes, each vessel being filled with archers, slingers and javelin-throwers, whose task was to drive the defenders from the battlements. Besides these vessels he had eight quinqueremes grouped in pairs. Each pair had had half of their oars removed, the starboard bank for the one and the port for the other, and on these sides the vessels were lashed together. They were then rowed by the remaining oars of their outer sides, and brought up to the walls the siege engines known as

12. Polybius Home Page polybius The polybius Home Page . Perhaps you are aware of the concept of the urban legend. You're on the Internet, of course you know what an urban legend is. http://www.joltcountry.com/polybius.html

V Jolt Country Main Page Video Games Features Reviews From Trotting Krips ... JC BBS Polybius The Polybius Home Page Perhaps you are aware of the concept of the "urban legend." You're on the Internet, of course you know what an urban legend is. Arcade games have one big one: the game Polybius. What's the game like? Coinop.org explains: "This game had a very limited release, one or two backwater arcades in a suburb of Portland. The history of this game is cloudy, there were all kinds of strange stories about how kids who played it got amnesia afterwards, couldn't remember their name or where they lived, etc. "The bizarre rumors about this game are that it was supposedly developed by some kind of weird military tech offshoot group, used some kind of proprietary behavior modification algorithms developed for the CIA or something, kids who played it woke up at night screaming, having horrible nightmares. "According to an operator who ran an arcade with one of these games, guys in black coats would come to collect "records" from the machines. They're not interested in quarters or anything, they just collected information about how the game was played. "The game was weird looking, kind of abstract, fast action with some puzzle elements, the kids who played it stopped playing games entirely, one of them became a big anti videogame crusader or something. We've contacted one person who met him, and he claims the machines disappeared after a month or so and no one ever heard about them again. "

13. YouTube - Polybius polybius is an urban legend among arcade games. Allegedly released in several Oregon Suburbs in 1981 it caused traumatic sideeffects for people who played it. polybius and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oBTgMnusF0

14. LacusCurtius • Polybius' Histories Entry page to a complete English translation of the work. polybius The Histories The Author, the Manuscripts As with most ancient authors, not that much is known of http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/home.html

15. Polybius On The Roman Military polybius describes the Roman Military loeb classical library infantry soldier four lads cavalry soldier roman citizens http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_text_polybius6.htm

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Ancient / Classical History Ancient / Classical History Search Ancient History Wars Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Filed In: Ancient / Classical History The Roman Military System From The Histories of Polybius published in Vol. III of the Loeb Classical Library edition Public Domain translation. 19 After electing the consuls, they appoint military tribunes The enrolment having been completed in this manner, those of the tribunes on whom this duty falls collect the newly-enrolled soldiers, and picking out of the whole body a single man whom they think the most suitable make him take the oath that he will obey his officers and execute their orders as far as is in his power. Then the others come forward and each in his turn takes his oath simply that he will do the same as the first man. At the same time the consuls send their orders to the allied cities in Italy which they wish to contribute troops, stating the numbers required and the day and place at which the men selected must present themselves. The magistrates, choosing the men and administering the oath in the manner above described, send them off, appointing a commander and a paymaster. The tribunes in Rome, after administering the oath, fix for each legion a day and place at which the men are to present themselves without arms and then dismiss them. When they come to the rendezvous, they choose the youngest and poorest to form the velites; the next to them are made

16. Siege Of Syracuse of the role of Archimedes as written by polybius, Livy, Plutarch, and Dio Cassius....... http://www.mcs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Siege/Summary.html

I N T R O D U C T I O N Back to . . . Archimedes Home Page This section . . . Introduction Polybius Livy Plutarch Dio Cassius Hiero II BC Hannibal(?) (247-183? BC Hieronymos BC Marcellus (268-208 BC Archimedes (287?-212 BC ) planning the defenses of Syracuse A t the beginning of the third century BC , the Mediterranean basin was controlled by the Carthaginians in the west and the Greeks in the east. The Romans controlled only a small area around Rome, but were poised to march. They locked horns with Carthage in the First Punic War (264-241 BC ), during which they greatly expanded their territory, although they did not capture the city of Carthage itself. The Greek city of Syracuse, where Archimedes lived, initially supported Carthage. But early in the war Rome forced a treaty of alliance from Syracuse's king, Hiero II , that called for Syracuse to pay tribute and provide grain to the Romans. T he Romans and Carthaginians renewed their antagonisms in 218 BC , the beginning of the Second Punic War. Under Hannibal, Carthage gained the first round of victories, culminating in Hannibal's crossing of the Alps into Italy (218 BC ) and his defeat of the Romans at Cannae (216 BC ). Hannibal's successes in Italy helped convince many Syracusans that they were allied with the wrong side.

17. Polybius polybius. Born c. 200 BC Birthplace Megalopolis, Arcadia, Greece Died c. 118 BC Cause of death unspecified. Gender Male Religion Pagan Race or Ethnicity White http://www.nndb.com/people/541/000107220/

This is a beta version of NNDB Search: All Names Living people Dead people Band Names Book Titles Movie Titles Full Text for Polybius Born: c. 200 BC Birthplace: Megalopolis, Arcadia, Greece Died: c. 118 BC Cause of death: unspecified Gender: Male Religion: Pagan Race or Ethnicity: White Occupation: Historian Nationality: Ancient Greece Executive summary: Histories Greek historian, a native of Megalopolis in Arcadia, the youngest of Greek cities, which, however, played an honorable part in the last days of Greek freedom as a stanch member of the Achaean League. His father, Lycortas, was the intimate friend of Philopoemen, and on the death of the latter, in 182, succeeded him as leader of the league. The date of Polybius's birth is doubtful. He tells us himself that in 181 he had not yet reached the age (perhaps thirty years) at which an Achaean was legally capable of holding office. We learn from Cicero that he outlived the Numantine War, which ended 132, and from Lucian Polybius is equally explicit as regards the personal qualifications necessary for a good historian, and in this respect too his practice is in close agreement with his theory. Without a personal knowledge of affairs a writer will inevitably distort the true relations and importance of events. Such experience would have saved accomplished and fluent Greek writers like Timaeus from many of their blunders, but the shortcomings of Roman soldiers and senators like Q. Fabius Pictor show that it is not enough by itself. Equally indispensable is careful painstaking research. All available evidence must be collected, thoroughly sifted, soberly weighed, and, lastly, the historian must be animated by a sincere love of truth and a calm impartiality.

18. Polybius Quotes polybius Those who know how to win are much more numerous than those who know how to make proper use of their victories. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/p/polybius144162.html

19. Crete An outlined history of Ancient Crete with historical comments on the character of the people, including excerpts from the works of polybius. http://www.gracenotes.info/topics/crete.html

Crete Basic features of Cretan History and Reports on the Character of the People, in Support of the Study of the Epistle to Titus Crete is an island which forms a southern boundary to the Aegean Sea, and lies southeast of Greece. Crete is 156 miles long, seven to thirty-five miles wide, and 3,189 square miles in area. It is the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica), and is on the spine of an undersea mountain range thought to have formed at one time a land bridge between the Greek Peloponnesian peninsula and southern Turkey. In ancient times, Crete was the main stepping stone (by sea) between Greece and Africa, and between Asia Minor and Africa. The Philistines may have migrated to Palestine from Greece, having been located on Crete for a time in the ancient past. Crete is centrally located, but very little was known of its history prior to the Greek period. It was not until the archaeological expeditions of Sir Arthur Evans in the late 19th Century that the facts of ancient Cretan history became known. Evans was an out-of-work millionaire in England, so he took a position as the curator of the Ashmolean Museum of Oxford University in Oxford, England. He was an avid amateur archaeologist, but he was to achieve a reputation which placed him among the most professional. Evans was also a numismatist, and he heard about some very interesting signet rings which had supposedly been left on the island of Crete by some ancient Egyptians. Taking an extended vacation from the museum, he sailed his personal yacht to Crete in 1894. He arrived in the harbor at Knossos in that year, and he began an archaeological dig at a place nearby called the Kephala site. On the very first day of digging, he uncovered the top of a bronze age palace. He knew that he had found something, but the property didn't belong to him; so he covered up the hole and began negotiations with the Greek government on Crete to purchase the site.

20. Polybius - Research And Read Books, Journals, Articles At Questia polybius Scholarly books, journals and articles polybius at Questia, world's largest online library and research service. Subscribe now and do better research, faster with tools http://www.questia.com/library/history/historians/polybius.jsp

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