21. Polybius polybius. polybius (203 BC120 BC) was a Greek historian of the Mediterranean world, especially the rise of the Roman Republic. He is most valued for his account of the Second and http://www.fact-index.com/p/po/polybius.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Polybius Polybius 203 BC 120 BC ) was a Greek historian of the Mediterranean world, especially the rise of the Roman Republic . He is most valued for his account of the Second and Third Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage. Polybius's account endeavoured to provide a universal history of the period between 220 BC and 146 BC , along with a prologue on Roman history from 264 BC , but unfortunately out of the forty books into which his history is divided, only the first five (covering the period up to 216 BC ) survive in total, although there are numerous lengthy fragments from the rest of the book. Although not impartial, he was not a Roman and his writings were intended for his fellow Greeks. Livy used him as a reference. Polybius often had excellent sources. He even befriended the younger Scipio Africanus , the famous adopted grandson of the famous general who defeated the Carthaginans in the Second Punic War by routing them from Spain and then defeating Hannibal himself in Africa at the Battle of Zama . The younger Scipio eventually invaded Carthage and forced them to surrender unconditionally. In a classic story of human behavior, Polybius captures it all: Nationalism, Racism, duplicitous politics, horrible battles, brutality, etc.; along with, loyalty, valor, bravery, intelligence, reason and resourcefulness. With his eye for detail and characteristic critically reasoned style, Polybius provided a unified view of history rather than a chronology.

22. Polybius - LoveToKnow 1911 polybius (c. 204122 B.C.), Greek historian, was a native of Megalopolis in Arcadia, the youngest of Greek cities (Paus. viii. 9), which, however, played an honourable part in the last http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Polybius

Polybius From LoveToKnow 1911 POLYBIUS c. 204-122 B.C.), Greek historian, was a native of Megalopolis in Arcadia , the youngest of Greek cities (Paus. viii. 9), which, however, played an honourable part in the last days of Greek freedom as a stanch member of the Achaean League . His father, Lycortas, was the intimate friend of Philopoemen , and on the death of the latter, in 182, succeeded him as leader of the league. The date of Polybius's birth is doubtful. He tells us himself that in 181 he had not yet reached the age (? thirty years , Polyb. xxix. 9) at which an Achaean was legally capable of holding office (xxiv. 6). We learn from Cicero Ad Fam. v. [12) that he outlived the Numantine War, which ended [in 132, and from Lucian Macrob. 22 ) that he died at the age of eighty-two. The majority of authorities therefore place his birth between 214 and 204 B.C. Little is known of his early life. As the son of Lycortas he was naturally brought into close contact with the leading men of the Achaean League. With Philopoemen he seems to have been on intimate terms. After Philopoemen's tragic death in Messenia (182) he was entrusted with the honourable duty of conveying home the urn in which his ashes had been deposited (Plut.

23. How To Use A Polybius Square: 5 Steps - WikiHow wikiHow article about How to Use a polybius Square. Originally conceived by the Greek historian polybius in the second century B.C., the polybius square or polybius checkerboard is one http://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Polybius-Square

24. Polybius And The Founding Fathers: The Separation Of Powers polybius' influence on the Founding Fathers and separation of powers http://mlloyd.org/mdl-indx/polybius/intro.htm

25. Polybius Quotes polybius quotes,polybius, author, authors, writer, writers, people, famous people http://thinkexist.com/quotes/polybius/

26. Coinop.org /// Polybius (1981) Coinop.org /// Game polybius /// Summary We need information. This game had a very limited release, one or two backwater arcades in a suburb of Portland. http://www.coinop.org/g.aspx/103223/Polybius.html

27. Polybius: Facts, Discussion Forum, And Encyclopedia Article Greek , an independent branch of the IndoEuropean family of languages, is the language of the Greeks. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Polybius

Home Discussion Topics Dictionary ... Login Polybius Polybius Topic Home Discussion Quotations Overview Polybius (ca. 203–120 BC, Greek Greek language Greek , an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, is the language of the Greeks. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records... ) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period Hellenistic period The Hellenistic period describes the era which followed the conquests of Alexander the Great. During this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its zenith in Europe and Asia. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decline or decadence, between the brilliance of... noted for his book called The Histories The Histories (Polybius) Polybius’ The Histories were originally written in 40 volumes, only the first five of which are extant in their entirety. The bulk of the work, except for the 40th volume, which was the index volume, is passed down to us through collections of excerpts kept in libraries in Byzantium, for the most... covering in detail the period of 220–146 BC. He is also renowned for his ideas of political balance in government, which were later used in Montesquieu's

28. Polybius: Who Was Polybius, And Why Should We Give A Hoot polybius Who was polybius, and why should we give a hoot? Well it turns out that this ancient Greek turned Roman historian was a very important person in the foundation of the http://www.mmdtkw.org/VPolybius.html

Polybius Who was Polybius, and why should we give a hoot? Well it turns out that this ancient Greek turned Roman historian was a very important person in the foundation of the United States and succeeding western democracies. Polybius was born into a rich and influential family in Megalopolis, in the Greek state of Arcadia, in 200 BC. By the time he was 30 he was a cavalry commander in the army of the Achaean Confederation (headed by Athens). Although he was a man of action, he had also by that time made his mark as a biographer and as an author on military tactics. Polybius was one of several Achaean commanders who offered military support to Rome in its war against Perseus of Macedonia. But Rome didn't trust the Achaeans, and, even after defeating Perseus at Pydna in 168, the Romans took 1000 eminent Achaeans, including Polybius, back to Rome as hostages for Greek good behavior. Once in Rome, Polybius attracted the attention of the great Roman General, Scipio Aemilianus (Africanus the Younger), and Polybius began his Roman advancement under the protection of Scipio. It is fairly certain the Polybius went with the general on his campaigns in Spain and North Africa against the Carthaginians, and he surely was present at the destruction of Carthage by Scipio Aemilianus in 146 BC. Polybius later wrote what is still considered to be the definitive history of the Punic wars. Meanwhile Roman distrust of the Greeks had proved well founded. Rome had to put down an Achaean revolt in 146 BC, and Polybius was designated by both sides to work out the post-revolt settlement. Polybius did well for his native Achaea getting a very reasonable settlement. For his efforts he was considered a hero by his countrymen statues and laudatory inscriptions dedicated to him can still be found in several parts of Greece.

29. Polybius - Wikiquote polybius Πολυβιος (c. 203 BC 120 BC) was a Greek historian Sourced. Since the masses of the people are inconstant, full of unruly desires, passionate, and reckless http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Polybius

Polybius From Wikiquote Jump to: navigation search Polybius [Πολυβιος] (c. 203 BC - 120 BC) was a Greek historian edit Sourced Since the masses of the people are inconstant, full of unruly desires, passionate, and reckless of consequences, they must be filled with fears to keep them in order. The ancients did well, therefore, to invent gods, and the belief in punishment after death. As quoted in The Fine Art of Baloney Detection by Carl Sagan from The Demon-Haunted World edit The Histories This is a sworn treaty made between us, Hannibal ... and Xenophanes the Athenian ... in the presence of all the gods who possess Macedonia and the rest of Greece. Histories, VII, 9, 4 (Loeb, W.R. Paton) How highly should we honor the Macedonians, who for the greater part of their lives never cease from fighting with the barbarians for the sake of the security of Greece? For who is not aware that Greece would have constantly stood in the greater danger, had we not been fenced by the Macedonians and the honorable ambition of their kings? Histories, IX, 35, 2

30. Polybius - New World Encyclopedia polybius, the Roman historian, believed that the Pax Romana, the territory over which the Roman Standard flew, was the culmination of history at that point in time. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Polybius

Polybius From New World Encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Previous (Polyandry) Next (Polychaete) Ready Polybius, the Roman historian, believed that the Pax Romana, the territory over which the Roman Standard flew, was the culmination of history at that point in time. Polybius (c. 203 B.C.E. B.C.E. , Greek ) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his book called The Histories covering in detail the period of 220 B.C.E. B.C.E. He is also renowned for his ideas of political balance in the government, which was later used in Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws and the drafting of the United States Constitution . It was during the Renaissance that Polybius' works resurfaced in anything more than a fragmentary form. His works appeared first in Florence . Polybius gained something of a following in Italy , and although poor Latin translations hampered proper scholarship of his work, he contributed to historical and political discussion there. Machiavelli appeared to have been familiar with Polybius when he wrote his Discourses . Vernacular translations in French, German, Italian, and English first appeared in the sixteenth century. In the late sixteenth century, Polybius found a greater reading audience among the public.

31. Polybius Free Encyclopedia Articles At Questia.com Online Library Research polybius and other related topics by using the free encyclopedia at the Questia.com online library. http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/polybius.jsp

32. Polybius (Greek Historian) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia polybius (Greek historian), c. 200 bcMegalopolis, Arcadia, Greecec. 118Greek statesman and historian who wrote of the rise of Rome to world prominence. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/468317/Polybius

document.write(''); Search Site: Advanced Search With all of these words With the exact phrase With any of these words Without these words Home SHOP BROWSE BLOG ... HELP Username: Password: Remember me Forgot your password? Help Email " is the e-mail address you used when you registered. Password " is case sensitive. If you need additional assistance, please contact customer support Enter the e-mail address you used when enrolling for Britannica Premium Service and we will e-mail your password to you. Polybius My Britannica CREATE MY Polybius NEW ARTICLE ... SAVE Polybius Table of Contents: Polybius Article Article Early life Early life Residence in Rome Residence in Rome Conception of history Conception of history Sources of information Sources of information Style and qualities as a historian Style and qualities as a historian Additional Reading Additional Reading Related Articles Related Articles External Web sites External Web sites Citations Article Early life Residence in Rome Conception of history ... Citations Primary Contributor: Frank W. Walbank

33. Polybius - Definition And More From The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary Definition of word from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/polybius

34. Polybius Biography Summary | BookRags.com polybius summary with 200 pages of lesson plans, quotes, chapter summaries, analysis, encyclopedia entries, essays, research information, and more. http://www.bookrags.com/Polybius

35. Polybius “Greece would not have fallen had it obeyed polybius in everything, and when Greece did meet disaster, its only help came from him” Pausanias, 8.37.2, Inscription on the http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Bios/Polybius.html

Polybius Pausanias 8.37.2, Inscription on the Temple of Despoina near Arakesion. Polybius relief sculpture found in Cleitor. Source Polybios or Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 203 BC - 120 BC) the son of Lycortas, Greek historian, famous for his book called The Histories or The Rise of the Roman Empire which covers 220 BC to 146 BC. As the former tutor of the Scipio Africanus the Younger, the famous adopted grandson of the famous general Scipio Africanus, Polybius remained on terms of the most cordial friendship and remained a counsellor to the man who defeated the Carthaginans in the Second Punic War by routing them from Spain and then defeating Hannibal himself in Africa at the Battle of Zama. The younger Scipio eventually invaded Carthage and forced them to surrender unconditionally. In a classic story of human behavior, Polybius captures it all: Nationalism, Racism, duplicitous politics, horrible battles, brutality, etc.; along with, loyalty, valor, bravery, intelligence, reason and resourcefulness. With his eye for detail and characteristic critically reasoned style, Polybius provided a unified view of history rather than a chronology. Polybius was a member of the governing class, with firsthand opportunities to gain deep insight into military and political affairs. His political career was devoted largely towards maintaining the independence of the Achaean League. As the chief representative of the policy of neutrality during the war of the Romans against Perseus of Macedonia, he attracted the suspicion of the Romans, and was one of the 1000 noble Achaeans who in 166 BC were transported to Rome as hostages, and detained there for seventeen years. In Rome, by virtue of his high culture, he was admitted to the most distinguished houses, in particular to that of Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror in the Macedonian War, who intrusted him with the education of his sons, Fabius and the younger Scipio. Through Scipio's intercession in 150 BC, Polybius obtained leave to return home, but in the very next year he went with his friend to Africa, and was present at the capture of Carthage that he described.

36. Polybius Of Megalopolis polybius of Megalopolis polybius; cast from a lost monument in Cleitor (Greece) (Museo nazionale della civilt romana, Rome) polybius of Megalopolis (c.200c.118) Greek http://www.livius.org/pn-po/polybius/polybius.html

Livius.Org Anatolia Carthage Egypt ... Other Polybius of Megalopolis Polybius; cast from a lost monument in Cleitor (Greece) ( , Rome) Polybius of Megalopolis (c.200-c.118): Greek historian, author of an important World History that describes the rise of Rome. The Changing Structure of History Carthage is at the beginning of Polybius' World History , and Carthage is at its conclusion. Of the thirty-nine books, the first one deals with the First Punic War , according to the author "the longest and most severely contested war in history" ( ), while the final books deal with the Third Punic War, culminating in the sack of Carthage in 146 BC. Yet, Polybius presents these two conflicts in completely different ways. If you would only read Polybius' accounts of the First and Third Punic Wars, you will immediately notice a difference: the first story is straight-forward and uninterrupted, as if the events were allowed to proceed independent of what happened elsewhere, while the account of the last war is interrupted by reports about contemporary conflicts in Spain, Macedonia , and Greece. As Polybius himself explains:

37. Polybius You can also c lick here to go directly to AncientSculptureGallery.com's Hellenistic, Macedonian, Greek, and Roman sculptures. http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/Polybius.html

You can also c lick here to go directly to AncientSculptureGallery.com's Hellenistic, Macedonian, Greek, and Roman sculptures. Ancient Sculpture Gallery has 9 different busts, statues, and plaques of Alexander the Great (including the famous Alexander Sarcophagus) and sculptures of Philip of Macedon, Demosthenes, Achilles, Hippocrates, Caesar, Apollo, Aphrodite, Heracles, Pan, Orpheus, Zeus, Artemis, Hermes, Dionysus, Athena, Perseus, Medusa, Eros, Centaur, Lapith, Nike, the Maenads, the Muses, the Graces, etc. Polybius Greek Statesman and Historian. [c 200-118 B.C.] The Rise of the Roman Empire "The fact is that we can obtain no more than an impression of a whole from a part, but certainly neither a thorough knowledge nor an accurate understanding. We must conclude then that specialized studies or monographs contribute very little to our grasp of the whole and our conviction of its truth. On the contrary, it is only by combining and comparing the various parts of the whole with one another and noting their resemblances and their differences that we shall arrive at a comprehensive view, and thus encompass both the practical benefits and the pleasure that the reading of history affords." [p 45]

38. Polybius - /x/enopedia According to the story, polybius, a tempeststyle game was released to the public in 1981, and caused its players to go insane, causing them to suffer from intense stress and http://x.datchan.org/index.php?title=Polybius

39. Polybius@Everything2.com (Latin form of Greek Polybios) Greek historian. Born c. 200 BCE in Megalopolis, died c. 118 BCE. Born into a prominent Megalopolitan family (his father Lycortas was a general http://www.everything2.com/title/Polybius

40. Polybius - History For Kids! polybius for Kids an ancient historian http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/literature/polybius.htm

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