21. Modern History Sourcebook: Thucydides: Inventing Speeches thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War was a major innovation in the recounting of the past. Rather than telling stories for entertainment or mythological reasons http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/thucydid.html

Back to Modern History Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook: Thucydides: On Inventing Speeches Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War was a major innovation in the recounting of the past. Rather than telling stories for entertainment or mythological reasons, Thucydides tried to analyse the past and form a coherent narrative. To do this required coming to grips with less than perfect source material. Thucydides discusses his solution. This text is part of the Internet Modern History Sourcebook . The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modern European and World history. (c)Paul Halsall, April 1998 halsall@murray.fordham.edu

22. Thucydides thucydides (c. 460 BC – c. 395 BC) (Greek Θουκυδίδης, Thoukud dēs) was a Greek historian active in 5th century BC. thucydides was the author of the History of the http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/t/Thucydides.htm

Thucydides 2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection . Related subjects: Historians, chroniclers and history books Bust of Thucydides residing in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto Thucydides (c. 395 BC) ( Greek ) was a Greek historian active in 5th century BC. Thucydides was the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War , which recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientific history" due to his strict standards of evidence-gathering and analysis in terms of cause and effect without reference to intervention by the gods. He has also been called the father of the school of political realism, which views the relations between nations as based on might rather than right. His classical text is still studied at advanced military colleges worldwide. More generally, Thucydides showed an interest in developing an understanding of human nature to explain behaviour in such crises as plague and civil war. Some scholars lay greater emphasis on the History ’s elaborate literary artistry and the powerful rhetoric of its speeches, insisting that its author exploited non-"scientific" literary genres no less than newer and rationalistic modes of explanation.

23. Early History Of Sparta A brief but detailed history with links. http://mkatz.web.wesleyan.edu/thucydides_lecture/sixty_a.htm

24. Thucydides Biography Summary | BookRags.com thucydides summary with 354 pages of lesson plans, quotes, chapter summaries, analysis, encyclopedia entries, essays, research information, and more. http://www.bookrags.com/Thucydides

25. Thucydides home index ancient Greece thucydides thucydides; mosaic from Jerash (Altes Museum, Berlin thucydides (c.460c.395) Athenian general and historian, author of the http://www.livius.org/th/thucydides/thucydides00.html

home index ancient Greece Thucydides Thucydides; mosaic from Jerash ( Altes Museum , Berlin Thucydides (c.460-c.395): Athenian general and historian, author of the History of the Peloponnesian War Being exiled because he had during the Archidamian War been unable to defend Amphipolis against the Spartan commander Brasidas , the former Athenian general Thucydides wrote the history of the wars fought between Athens and Sparta in the years 431-404. And nothing else. Because of the absence of romantic digressions, the History of the Peloponnesian War is less easy to read than the Histories of Herodotus , but Thucydides offers an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of war, which -he oped- would be useful in all ages. And indeed, his description of the changing use of language in times of war has become a classic. Although he does his best to remain objective, Thucydides can not always hide his personal judgment. For example, his account of the plague at Athens in 429 slowly develops into a shocking story about moral corruption. His judgment of people like Pericles Cleon and Nicias is, according to modern historians, hardly accurate, and the last word has not yet been spoken about his dismissal of the

26. Thucydides - Crystalinks thucydides . thucydides (between 460 and 455 BC circa 400 BC, was an ancient Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th http://www.crystalinks.com/thucydides.html

Thucydides Thucydides (between 460 and 455 BC- circa 400 BC, was an ancient Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens. This work is widely regarded a classic, and represents the first work of its kind. Life Almost everything we know about the life of Thucydides comes from his own History of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides' father was Olorus, a name connected with Thrace and Thracian royalty. He was a man of influence and wealth. He owned gold mines at Scapte Hyle, a district of Thrace on the Thracian coast opposite the island of Thasos. Thucydides, born in Alimos, was connected through family to the Athenian statesman and general Miltiades, and his son Cimon, leaders of the old aristocracy supplanted by the Radical Democrats. Thucydides lived between his two homes, in Athens and in Thrace. His family connections brought him into contact with the very men who were shaping the history he wrote about. He was probably in his twenties when the Peloponnesian War began in 431 BC. He contracted the plague4 that ravaged Athens between 430 and 427 BC, killing Pericles, in 429 BC, along with thousands of other Athenians.

27. Ancient History Sourcebook: Thucydides: On The Early History Of The Hellenes (wr An excerpt from The History of the Peloponnesian War written c. 395 B.C.E. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/thuc-hellenes.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Thucydides: On The Early History of the Hellenes (written c. 395 BCE) The feebleness of antiquity is further proved to me by the circumstance that there appears to have been no common action in Hellas before the Trojan War. And I am inclined to think that the very name was not as yet given to the whole country, and in fact did not exist at all before the time of Hellen, the son of Deucalion; the different tribes, of which the Pelasgian was the most widely spread, gave their own names to different districts. But when Hellen and his sons became powerful in Phthiotis, their aid was invoked by other cities, and those who associated with them gradually began to be called Hellenes , though a long time elapsed before the name was prevalent over the whole country. Of this, Homer affords the best evidence; for he, although he lived long after the Trojan War, nowhere uses this name collectively, but confines it to the followers of Achilles from Phthiotis, who were the original Hellenes; when speaking of the entire host, he calls them Danäans, or Argives, or Achaeans. For in ancient times all Hellenes carried weapons because their homes were undefended and intercourse was unsafe; like the barbarians they went armed in their everyday life. . . The Athenians were the first who laid aside arms and adopted an easier and more luxurious way of life. Quite recently the old-fashioned refinement of dress still lingered among the elder men of their richer class, who wore undergarments of linen, and bound back their hair in a knot with golden clasps in the form of grasshoppers; and the same customs long survived among the elders of Ionia, having been derived from their Athenian ancestors. On the other hand, the simple dress which is now common was first worn at Sparta; and there, more than anywhere else, the life of the rich was assimilated to that of the people.

28. Thucydides: Facts, Discussion Forum, And Encyclopedia Article Year 460 BC was a year of the preJulian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Poplicola and Sabinus – http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Thucydides

Home Discussion Topics Dictionary ... Login Thucydides Thucydides Topic Home Discussion Quotations Definition Overview Thucydides c. Circa Circa means "in approximately" , usually referring to a date.... 460 BC 460 BC Year 460 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Poplicola and Sabinus... c. Circa Circa means "in approximately" , usually referring to a date.... 395 BC 395 BC Year 395 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Medullinus, Scipio, Fidenas, Ambustus and Lactucinus... Greek Ancient Greek Ancient Greek is the historical stage in the development of the Greek language spanning the Archaic , Classical , and Hellenistic periods of ancient Greece and the ancient world. It is predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek... Thoukydídēs ) was a Greek Greeks The Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.... historian History History is the study of the human past. Scholars who write about history are called historians...

29. Ancient History Sourcebook: Reports Of The Origins Of Athens, C. 430 BCE - 110 C Text as written by Herodotus, thucydides, Plutarch, and Aristotle, c. 430 B.C.E - 110 C.E. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/athens-origins.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Reports of The Origins of Athens, c. 430 BCE - 110 CE Herodotus, from Histories , c. 430 BCE., I.56-59 Thucydides: from The History of the Peloponnesian War , c. 404 BCE, II.5 Plutarch: from The Life of Theseus , c. 110 CE Aristotle: from The Athenian Constitution , c. 330 BCE Herodotus from The History, c. 430 B.C., I.56-59 Thucydides from The History of the Peloponnesian War , c. 404 B.C., II.5 In the days of Kecrops and the first kings, down to the reign of Theseos, Attica was divided into communes, having their own town halls and magistrates. Except in case of alarm, the whole people did not assemble in council under the king, but administered their own affairs, and advised together in their several townships. Some of them at times even went to war with the king, as the Eleusinians under Eumolpos with King Erectheos. But when Theseos came to the throne, he, being a powerful as well as a wise ruler, among other improvements in the administration of the country, dissolved the councils and separate governments, and united all the inhabitants of Attica in the present city, establishing one council and town hall. They continued to live on their own lands, but he compelled them to resort to Athens as their metropolis i.e.

30. Thucydides' Peloponnesian War Learn about thucydides' Peloponnesian War using this exceptional online study guide with links to multiple resources on CTCWeb. http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/netshots/thucydes.htm

Table of Contents Introduction to Greek Tragedy The Peloponnesian War Genre - History What we refer to as myth or legend was considered historical fact by most Greeks down into and even beyond the fifth century B.C. For example, the Homeric poems were taken seriously as an historical record of the past. Indeed, as modern archaeology has shown, there is a kernel of historical truth in the Iliad that is, a war did take place at the site of Troy in approximately the same period as was assigned to it by legend. Nevertheless, it is clear that the overall account of the Trojan war in the Iliad is the result of imaginative embellishment of a story told again and again by generations of poets. It was not until more than two centuries after the composition of the Homeric poems that a more scientific form of history developed. Rational analysis, which had begun in Ionia with the Milesian philosophers with reference to the universe, gradually extended to include the recording of human events. Historie , the Greek word from which our word "history" is derived, means 'inquiry' and indicates the nature of this new way of dealing with the past. The recording of human events is no longer the uncritical retelling of traditional myths and legends, but an account which is the result of critical evaluation applied to what the author himself and others have seen and heard.

31. The Plague In Athens During The Peloponnesian War A historical background as written by thucydides. http://www.indiana.edu/~ancmed/plague.htm

THE PLAGUE IN ATHENS DURING THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THUCYDIDES' DESCRIPTION OF THE PLAGUE Thucydides is our primary source for this war. He was an upper-class Athenian and lived through the war (or nearly though it it is unclear when he died, but he left his work unfinished). While serving as general he was exiled for coming late to an engagement, and as a result he spent much of the war in exile in the northern Aegean where his family had land the same territory in which the doctors who composed the Epidemics were traveling. He was highly aware of the intellectual currents of the time, and both medicine and rhetoric have influenced his presentation of the war. According to Thucydides, at first enthusiasm for the war was high. Large numbers of young men on both sides who had no experience of war saw it as an adventure and a potential source of profit. But even the first year of the war brought losses and hardship to the Athenians, much of it caused by the radical strategy advocated by the Athenians' current political leader, Pericles, to rely mainly on Athenian naval supremacy: bring all the people in Attica into the city and abandon the outlying countryside to destruction by the Spartans, relying upon the navy to supply the city with food and other necessities that would be carried through the fortified corridor from the port of the Pireus into the city itself (the Long Walls). By 415 the military rolls were full again (Thuc. 6.26), but the thirty-plus generation that filled offices and provided leadership had not yet been replenished.

32. Thucydides (Greek Historian) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia thucydides (Greek historian), 460 bc or earlier? after 404 bc?greatest of ancient Greek historians and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/594236/Thucydides

document.write(''); Search Site: Advanced Search With all of these words With the exact phrase With any of these words Without these words Home SHOP BROWSE BLOG ... HELP Username: Password: Remember me Forgot your password? Help Email " is the e-mail address you used when you registered. Password " is case sensitive. If you need additional assistance, please contact customer support Enter the e-mail address you used when enrolling for Britannica Premium Service and we will e-mail your password to you. Thucydides My Britannica CREATE MY Thucydides NEW ARTICLE ... SAVE Thucydides Table of Contents: Thucydides Article Article Life Life Scope and plan of the History Scope and plan of the History Character studies Character studies Style and historical aims Style and historical aims Authority of his work Authority of his work Subsequent fame Subsequent fame Additional Reading Additional Reading Related Articles Related Articles External Web sites External Web sites Citations Article Life Scope and plan of the History Character studies ... Citations Primary Contributor: Arnold Wycombe Gomme ARTICLE from the Thucydides (b. 460

33. The History Of The Peloponnesian War The complete text by thucydides and translated by Richard Crawley, 1950 by subscription. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10554756

34. Thucydides You can also c lick here to go directly to AncientSculptureGallery.com's Hellenistic, Macedonian, Greek, and Roman sculptures. http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/Thucydides.html

You can also c lick here to go directly to AncientSculptureGallery.com's Hellenistic, Macedonian, Greek, and Roman sculptures. Ancient Sculpture Gallery has 9 different busts, statues, and plaques of Alexander the Great (including the famous Alexander Sarcophagus) and sculptures of Philip of Macedon, Demosthenes, Achilles, Hippocrates, Caesar, Apollo, Aphrodite, Heracles, Pan, Orpheus, Zeus, Artemis, Hermes, Dionysus, Athena, Perseus, Medusa, Eros, Centaur, Lapith, Nike, the Maenads, the Muses, the Graces, etc. Thucydides Greek Commander and Historian [1] The modern Greeks claim that the ancient Macedonians were Greek based on the below passage of Thucydides: "The country by the sea which is now called Macedonia... Alexander, the father of Perdiccas, and his forefathers, who were originally Temenidae from Argos" (Thucydides 2.99,3)

35. Thucydides 3.82-83, U. Of Saskatchewan An excerpt as written by thucydides s The Peloponnesian War. http://homepage.usask.ca/~jrp638/DeptTransls/ThucPorter.html

To Home Page To Translations Menu Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, Book 3.82-83: Civil War in Corcyra John Porter, translator Notice: For discussion of this passage, see the Course Notes on Thucydides. (82) So savage was the factional strife that broke out - and it seemed all the worse in that it was the first to occur. Later on, indeed, all of Hellas (so to speak) was thrown into turmoil, there being discord everywhere, with the representatives of the demos (i.e. the extreme democratic factions) wanting to bring in the Athenians to support their cause, while the oligarchic factions looked to the Spartans. In peacetime they would have had no excuse nor would they have been prepared to summon them for help, but in the midst of a war, the summoning of outside aid readily offered those on both sides who desired a change in the status quo alliances that promised harm for their opponents and, at the same time, benefit for themselves. (2) Many harsh events befell the various cities due to the ensuing factional strife - things which always occur in such times and always will occur, so long as human nature ( physis) Top of Page Translations of Classical Authors Menu Home Page May not be reproduced without the permission of the author.

36. Thucydides Extracts from history of thucydides (460399 BCE) 500 and 400 B CE Euripides Gorgias Mo Tzu Socrates Democritus thucydides Hippocrates Tamil http://www.humanistictexts.org/thucydides.htm

Authors born between 500 and 400 B CE Euripides Gorgias Mo Tzu Socrates ... Democritus [ Thucydides ] Hippocrates Tamil Poets Click Up For A Summary Of Each Author Contents Introduction The Early History of Greece Agamemnon The Funeral Oration of Pericles ... Source Introduction Thucydides (c. 460-c. 399 BCE) was elected by the Athenians to the position of army general in 424 BCE. The results of this democratic approach to warfare were not always happy, and the Athenians abandoned it to raise a professional army after heavy losses reduced their population. After Thucydides lost the city of Amphipolis, the most important stronghold in Thrace, he was banished for 20 years from Athens. During this time he wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars, in which he was able to describe the great skill of the general who defeated him. His work, along with that of Heroditus, formed the beginning of historical writing that sought to inquire into such information as may lead to the facts concerning the past. The new historical writing was a process that required careful collection of information, judgment of sources, and the application of reason. That is, Thucydides attempted to develop history from a scientific rather than a mythical basis, rejecting the supernatural and composing a history that revealed underlying social pressures and political principles. He was a mature man when the Peloponnesian War broke out in 431 BCE, and realizing its importance, he kept a record of events. On these notes he based his voluminous history.

37. The Little Sailing Ancient Greek texts in Unicode encoding including Aeschylus, Apollodorous, Aristotle, Aristophanes, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Lucian, Plutarch, thucydides, and Xenophon. Some texts are with side-by-side translation. http://www.mikrosapoplous.gr/en/

38. Thucydides - New World Encyclopedia Life. The only certain facts about the life of thucydides are those which he revealed during his own narrative, The History of the Peloponnesian War. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Thucydides

Thucydides From New World Encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Previous (Threonine) Next (Thugs) Bust of Thucydides residing in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto Thucydides (c. 460 B.C.E. - c. 400 B.C.E. ), Greek Θουκυδίδης, Thoukudídēs ) was an ancient Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the events of the first 21 years of the 28 year war between Sparta and Athens in the fifth century B.C.E. B.C.E. ). This is widely considered to be the first work of scientific history, describing the events of the human world as produced by men acting from ordinary motives, without the intervention of the gods or the supernatural. Thucydides wrote critically and objectively, demonstrating considerable ability in analyzing character and in tracing the relationship between cause and effect in the events of history. History of the Peloponnesian War was unfinished and contained some inconsistencies, but it was a dramatic and powerful account. Thucydides reconstructed debates and speeches to show how decisions were made, indicating that he trained under several Sophists . Many of these speeches were based on the premise that people care more about their own narrow interests than about the cause of justice . This pessimistic view of human nature later had an influence on Thomas Hobbes . The style of the debates and speeches has had an enduring effect on the study of rhetoric. Thucydides’ account of Athenian democracy in action was intended to demonstrate its potential weaknesses. Some of his conservative political views anticipated those of

39. Thucydides, Univ. Of Saskatchewan Notice This material is the copyrighted property of the author and should not be reproduced without the author's permission. http://homepage.usask.ca/~jrp638/CourseNotes/ThucNotes.html

To Home Page To Course Notes Menu Thucydides by John Porter, University of Saskatchewan Notice: General Introduction Thucydides and the medical writers Introduction to Select Passages of Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War Introduction: Book 1.1-23 ... Civil War in Corcyra: Book 3.82-83 Suggested Background Reading World of Athens, H.I. 33-61; 1.31-37; 7.34 (Optional: C. G. Starr, A History of the Ancient World, pp. 319-356) See, as well, s.v. "Thucydides" in the on-line Perseus Project's encyclopedia. Items to note: *Pericles, *Archidamus, FN 1 the plague, *Cleon, *Mytilene, *Corcyra (Kerkyra), *Pylos, *Brasidas, *Nicias, *Alcibiades, *Melos, *Sicilian Expedition, *The Four Hundred (oligarchic coup in 411), *Lysander, *Aegospotami, *The Thirty General Introduction Thucydides, son of Olorus, [ FN 2 ] was born c. 460-455 B.C. and was most likely a relative of Cimon. His family was wealthy and influential, owning a series of mines in Thrace; as a result, Thucydides was placed in charge of the Athenian fleet in the northern Aegean in the mid-420s, where, in 424, he failed to come to the aid of Amphipolis in time to defend it from the attack of *Brasidas The World of Athens

40. Thucydides Definition Of Thucydides In The Free Online Encyclopedia. thucydides (th sĭd`ĭdēz), c.460–c.400 B.C., Greek historian of Athens, one of the greatest of ancient historians. His family was partly Thracian. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Thucydides

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