81. History Ancient history, general LI Historiography L4 British history MUMW Indian history OM-ON British Imperial and Commonwealth history MZ Irish history MY Byzantine history http://www.ull.ac.uk/subjects/history/

Home Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Institute of Classical Studies Institute of Commonwealth Studies ... Senate House Library cssdropdown.startchrome("chromemenu") History Collection Databases Internet resources Collection overview A comprehensive research-level collection, covering all periods of history. Collection strengths include: British History European History Some printed primary source materials - including Calendars of State Papers, the Rolls Series and Documents on British and German Foreign Policy Read / Download Subject Guide (PDF) See our latest acquisitions Collection location Most books are located on the 7th floor South Block All items available on open access will display the location HISTORY, with the classmark prefix 63 eg HISTORY (SHL) South Block 7th Floor (63) PS3B Duf Most periodicals are shelved in a separate alphabetical sequence of History and Archaeology periodicals on the 3rd floor South Block, in a room behind the Institute of Classical Studies Library desk. See the: A-Z list of SHL History journals and A-Z list of SHL History eJournals 4th floor South Block . For more information on finding journals, see our

82. Greek Mythology Explains main figures in many Greek myths. http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110010/

Greek Mythology: Gods, Goddesses, Titans and More Click on the front door to enter ThinkQuest entry J0110010.

83. Pacaritambo The Machu Picchu Magazine History Bookstore History, Billy the Kid, Biography, Cowboys, Historical Fiction, Literature, Folklore, Children's Books; Ancient History Books Ancient History General, including Egypt, Rome, Greece http://pacaritambo.com/history.html

History Books For information on our shipping rates, click here International buyers: Please use the drop-down menu to see if international service is available and what the correct price is. NOTE: I have included the country's mythology and legends as a part of their history - why? - because I think they are. American History Books Biography, Civil War, JFK Assassination, Literature, Vietnam War, World Wars, Children's Books American West Books History, Billy the Kid, Biography, Cowboys, Historical Fiction, Literature, Folklore, Children's Books Ancient History Books Celts/Celtic Books All Things Celtic, including Children's Books History, Biography, Sociology, Literature, Children's Books Historical Fiction Fiction with historical basis from all over the world Jews, Judaism, Israel Books King Arthur Books Texana General Mythology and Folklore from the World Biographies, Autobiographies, and Memoirs of players on the world stage. Does not include Americans. World History Books BETWEEN WORLDS: Interpreters, Guides, and Survivors Condition: Content: This is an important and interesting book for historians, IMHO. The author describes the lives of 16 men and women who acted as guides and interpreters for explorers, missionaries, and anthropologists. Included are Dona Marina, who interpreted for Cortes; Sacajawea, who traveled with Lewis and Clark; and Charles Eastman, who was a Sioux physician at Wounded Knee. Karttunen provides succinct biographies of the selected individuals and a final chapter of her own analysis. Her primary focus is exploring how each interpreter lived on the margins of two societies. She is particularly sensitive to gender and ethnic issues but does not address the linguistics of the work that these interpreters did. Questions welcome. [1 copy available]

84. History Of The Trojan War Brief account of the conflict that ended in the burning of Troy. http://www.stanford.edu/~plomio/history.html

The Tro jan War The Apple of Discord Greek Armament Finding Troy Embassy to Priam ... After the War The Apple of Discord The Trojan War has its roots in the marriage between Peleus and Thetis, a sea-goddess. Peleus and Thetis had not invited Eris, the goddess of discord, to their marriage and the outraged goddess stormed into the wedding banquet and threw a golden apple onto the table. The apple belonged to, Eris said, whomever was the fairest. Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite each reached for the apple. Zeus proclaimed that Paris, prince of Troy and thought to be the most beautiful man alive, would act as the judge. Hermes went to Paris, and Paris agreed to act as the judge. Hera promised him power, Athena promised him wealth, and Aphrodite promised the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris chose Aphrodite, and she promised him that Helen, wife of Menelaus, would be his wife. Paris then prepared to set off for Sparta to capture Helen. Twin prophets Cassandra and Helenus tried to persuade him against such action, as did his mother, Hecuba. But Paris would not listen and he set off for Sparta. In Sparta, Menelaus, husband of Helen, treated Paris as a royal guest. However, when Menelaus left Sparta to go to a funeral, Paris abducted Helen (who perhaps went willingly) and also carried off much of Menelaus' wealth.

85. The Ancient Olympics Includes a comparison of ancient and modern Olympics, essays about the history of the Olympics, and stories of ancient Olympic athletes. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/

86. The Internet Classics Archive | The History Of The Peloponnesian War By Thucydid English translation of Thucydides ancient account http://classics.mit.edu/Thucydides/pelopwar.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help The History of the Peloponnesian War By Thucydides Written 431 B.C.E Translated by Richard Crawley The History of the Peloponnesian War has been divided into the following sections: The First Book The Second Book The Third Book The Fourth Book ... The Eighth Book Download: A 1153k text-only version is available for download

87. The Peloponnesian War Short essays about the war from history of Western civilization course at Boise State University. http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/westciv/peloponn/

History of Western Civilization Classroom Syllabus Schedule ... Discussion Ancient History The Peloponnesian War The Delian League The Athenian Empire Periclean Athens Drift toward War ... References and further reading History of Western Civilization E.L. Skip Knox Boise State University Comments and questions

88. Peloponnesian War — FactMonster.com Summarizes the 27-year conflict that ruined Athens. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0838100.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Math Flashcards Geography Guide Seven New Wonders of the World ... The Fifty States Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian War u p u u n) [ key B.C. , decisive struggle in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta . It ruined Athens, at least for a time. The rivalry between Athens' maritime domain and Sparta's land empire was of long standing. Athens under Pericles (from 445 B.C. ) had become a bastion of Greek democracy, with a foreign policy of regularly intervening to help local democrats. The Spartans, who favored oligarchies like their own, resented and feared the imperialism and cultural ascendancy of Athens. The war began after sharp contests between Athens and Corinth over Corcyra (now ; 433) and Potidaea (432). The first important action was the initial invasion of Attica Cleon The Spartan leader Brasidas now brilliantly surprised Athens with a campaign in NE Greece, taking (424) Athenian cities, including Olynthus and Amphipolis. Fighting went on over these even after an armistice (423) and ended in a decisive Spartan victory at Amphipolis, in which Brasidas and Cleon were both killed (422). The new Athenian leader, Nicias , arranged a peace (421), but his rival Alcibiades persuaded the Athenians to invade powerful Syracuse . In the greatest expeditionary force a Greek city had ever assembled, Alcibiades and Nicias both had (415) commands, but before the attack on Syracuse had begun, Alcibiades was recalled to Athens to face a charge of sacrilege. He fled to Sparta; at his advice the Spartans set up a permanent base at Decelea in Attica and sent a military expert, Gylippus, to Syracuse. The incompetent Nicias lost his chance to surprise Syracuse, and after two years his force was wiped out (413).

89. Ancient Greece: The Pelopponesian War Brief look at the conflict and the causes behind it. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/PELOWARS.HTM

The Peloponnesian War Peace of Nicias , after the Athenian politician and general who was leading Athens at the time. Essentially similar in view and ability to Pericles, Nicias was a brilliant and cautious man who managed to pull off an effective truce. Everyone was allowed to go home, and the territorial status as it stood at the time of the peace, was allowed to remain in place. Athens kept its continental territories and allies, and Sparta got to keep all the territories it had acquired. Alcibiades . With creativity, energy, and immense oratorical ability, Alicibiades in 415 BC convinced the Athenians to attack the Greek city-states on the island of Sicily and bring them under the glove of the Athenian Empire. Although the expedition was in part under the leadership of Nicias, it soon turned into a disaster. In 413 BC, the entire army was defeated and captured and a large part of the great, powerful fleet of the Athenians was destroyed in the harbor of Syracuse. Athenian power since the Persian Wars had rested solely on the power of the navy; the disastrous Sicilian expedition left Athens almost completely powerless. ©1996, Richard Hooker

90. Mr. Dowling's Persia Page Short account of the conflict between Sparta and Athens. Written for middle school students. http://www.mrdowling.com/701-peloponnesian.html

Home E-Mail Download Lessons Interactive Quiz ... South America The Peloponnesian War The Golden Age of Greece was short lived. Athens and Sparta were both powerful poli, and each wanted to spread their way of life. Sparta attacked Athens in 431 BC , beginning the brutal 27-year-long Peloponnesian War. Sparta eventually defeated Athens by building blockade around the walls of the city. This is called a siege. The people of Athens could not leave to get supplies or food from the countryside. Faced with starvation, Athens surrendered to Sparta in 404 BC The Peloponnesian robbed Athens of its Golden Age. Great thinkers and teachers lived in Athens during and after the war but the era of support for new ideas and the spirit of democracy had passed. NEXT: Greek Philosophy To cite this page: Dowling, Mike, "Mr. Dowling's Peloponnesian War Page," available from http://www.mrdowling.com/701-peloponnesian.html; Internet; updated Saturday, October 23, 2004

91. Peloponnesian War Student-written summary of the conflict. Includes map. http://library.thinkquest.org/17709/wars/peloponn.htm

Peleponnesian War Ancient Greece in 431 BC was not a nation. It was a large collection of rival city-states located on the Greek mainland, on the west coast of Asia Minor, and on the many islands of the Aegean Sea. Most of the city-states had become allied with one or the other of the leading military powers, Athens and Sparta . Athens was a great naval power, while Sparta relied mainly on its army for superiority. In 431 BC these alliances went to war against each other in a conflict called the Peloponnesian War. The war, which went on for 27 years, is named for the Peloponnesus, the peninsula on which Sparta is located. The result of the war was the crushing defeat of Athens and the end of its maritime empire. A more long-range result was the weakening of all the city-states. This made them vulnerable to a takeover by Macedonia several decades later. A brilliant account of the war was written by the historian Thucydides as events unfolded. His work still stands as a definitive source of information on the war. The Athenian Empire and the Spartan Alliance coexisted as long as a balance of power was maintained between them. A truce called the Thirty Years' Treaty had been signed by both powers in 445 BC. Within a decade the truce was breaking down as Athens sought to extend its empire. In 433 Athens allied itself with Corcyra, a colony of Corinth, but Corinth was an ally of Sparta. Incited by Corinth, Sparta accused Athens of aggression and threatened war. Athens, under the leadership of Pericles, refused to back down. War began in the spring of 431, when Thebes, a Spartan ally, attacked Plataea, an ally of Athens.

92. The Jerusalem Mosaic The Hebrew University of Jerusalem offers a readable history of the city by period, with a map for each and photographs and information on surviving historic buildings. English and Hebrew versions available. http://jeru.huji.ac.il

93. Mr. Dowling's Mesopotamia Page Provides information about Mesopotamia with a brief look at its geography, culture and history. http://www.mrdowling.com/603mesopotamia.html

Home E-Mail Download Lessons Interactive Quiz ... South America The Fertile Crescent Civilization developed slowly in different parts of the world. People began to settle in areas with abundant natural resources. A section of the Middle East is called the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a rich food-growing area in a par t of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming. The Fertile Crescent is a quarter-moon shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. Some of the best farmland of the Fertile Crescent is on a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Greeks later called this area Mesopotamia, which means “between the rivers.” Many different civilizations developed in this small region. First came the Sumerians, who were replaced in turn by the Assyrians and the Babylonians. Today this land is known as Iraq. NEXT: The Sumerians To cite this page: Dowling, Mike, "Mr. Dowling's Mesopotamia page," available from http://www.mrdowling.com/603mesopotamia.html; Internet; updated Monday, January 1, 2007

94. History Of Persia: Cyrus The Great Introduces the Persian king believed to be the first to become involved in human rights. http://www.oznet.net/cyrus/cyframe.htm

Persian History King Cyrus the Great in Sydney, Australia This is a replica of a Bas-Relief found in Pasargade, the capital city of Persia founded by Cyrus.the Great It depicts King Cyrus ( 580-529 BC). He was the first Achaemenian Emperor of Persia, who issued a decree on his aims and policies, later hailed as his charter of the rights of nations. Inscribed on a clay cylinder, this is known to be the first historical declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept at the British Museum. A replica of this is also at the United Nations in New York. The Bas-relief of Cyrus shown here by Lewis Batros, a Sydney Artist, was put up at Sydney's Bicentennial Park, October 1994, through the efforts of the Australian Iranian community with donations from all over the world and contributions from the local Government.. It symbolizes Multiculturalism, a word coined to express the coexistence and peaceful cohabitation of peoples from different background and culture in one land. A doctrine which is the foundation of advanced societies especially in Australia and the USA and which was also Cyrus' Claim to fame. At a time when Iran bashing was the rule and the norm, this gesture by the New South Wales Government was seen as a welcoming sign by the Iranian community and the event has since been annually remembered during the Mehregan Festival in September.

95. ODYSSEY/NearEast Tells about ancient life in the cradle of civilization. http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/NEAREAST/homepg.html

Have you ever heard the ancient Near East called "The Cradle of Civilization?" What does that mean? Let's begin by defining a "civilization." What practices or characteristics define a civilization? Click on the objects below to explore some of these characteristics...... The development of cities, writing, and written law code, and more, happened first in the part of the world we call the ancient Near East. So, we sometimes think of it as the birthplace of western civilization. The ancient Near East was a region of great diversity. It stretched from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean to the eastern border of present day Iran, but it was never one big country. To see what we mean, check out the map The people living here were from different cultural groups, for example the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and more. We won't be able to explore every culture from this fascinating region in depth. Instead we will learn more about the contributions these cultures made by investigating some of the objects that they left behind. When you're ready to continue, choose one of the themes below!

96. The UnMuseum - Tower Of Babel Report on what archaeological and historical research reveal about this tower. http://www.unmuseum.org/babel.htm

97. Home Of The Hittites Detailed study guide explains who these people were and tells what deities they worshipped. http://home.comcast.net/~chris.s/hittite-ref.html

Hittite/Hurrian Mythology REF 1.2 by Christopher B. Siren cbsiren at alum dot mit dot edu last modified Mar. 13th, 1998: added a bunch of information from the first half of Hoffner. Mar. 29th, 1996: corrected some cross-reference links. I. Who were the 'Hittites'? II. What Deities did they worship? A. Hittite and Hurrian deities. B. Akkadian Imports. ... IV. Source material. I. Who were the 'Hittites'? The Hurrians occupied the land between the Hittites and Assyria, having descended from the mountains south of the Caspian Sea. They ruled the kingdom of Mitanni. In the late 15th century B.C. the Hittite empire's beginning is marked by an influx of Hurrian names into the royal family. Tudhalyas I (1420 B.C.) reunited Western Anatolia under Hittite rule, and retook Allepo but lost the Black Sea coast to the Kaska tribes. After some difficulty with the Mittani the Hittites resurged under King Suppilulimas around 1344-1322 taking a firmer hold on Syria. With Egypt, they dominated the lands of Canaan and the Levant during the 1200's. Their prosperity came to a sudden end when the invasion of the Sea Peoples coincided with increasing trouble from the Kaskas. While Hittite culture continued through about 700 B.C., the Empire was shattered into several kingdoms and pressures such as the growing Assyrian Empire helped keep it from uniting again. The Hittites were a patriarchal, highly agricultural society. They had rich iron deposits which they mined and traded with the Assyrians. They also used it for weaponry and were rather successful in the use of a three-man chariot. Through trade and conquest the languages and cultures of their neighbors seeped into Hittite society. Babylonian and Hurrian deities were worshiped along-side or assimilated with the native Hittite deities. This merging of cultures and free use of foreign languages is rather fortuitous. Parallel Hittite and Akkadian treaties and similar texts helped in cracking the Hittite hieroglyphic code. Unfortunately, while the ability to translate Hittite hieroglyphics has improved, the pronunciation of several Hittite ideograms, and hence their transcription into English, remains elusive. Often, as in the case with the Storm-god, we must resort to a descriptive name, or else use the appropriate Hurrian or Akkadian name.

98. -- Welcome To The Mesoamerican Ballgame -- Gives the history of the game, the rules, and its religious and cultural importance. It also points out the eight major cultures found in this area between 1500 BC and 1519 AD, as well as the effect of the Spanish conquest in this region. http://www.ballgame.org/

99. Aztecs Be an archaeologist, historian, or an anthropologist; and learn about the proud Aztecs. http://home.freeuk.com/elloughton13/aztecs.htm

Click on the Sun Stone to enter Para ver este sitio en español... haz clic aquí FIND BOOKS ABOUT Aztecs at AMAZON CO.UK FIND BOOKS ABOUT Aztecs at AMAZON.COM (USA) FOR MUMS, DADS, UNCLES, AUNTS, TEACHERS AFTER THE WORK IS DONE COME AND DO SOME INTERNET SHOPPING!! UK SHOPPERS CLICK ON ME Each time you buy something, the store gives US a donation. HELP KEEP THIS SITE FREE USA SHOPPERS CLICK ON ME

100. Aztec Architecture Information about the ancient Aztec civilization. http://library.thinkquest.org/10098/aztec.htm

A few people may mistake the Mayas for Aztecs. They have many similarities. For example, the type of house they lived in, the foods they ate, and the way they built their buildings. However, there were actually some differences architecturally. In this section, we will explain how the Aztecs built their holy temples, houses, the Emperor's palace, as well as, a very religious temple. The Sacrificial Temple The Emperor's Palace Homes Shrines of the Gods The Aztecs were a very religious race and strongly believed in the practice of sacrificing people to please the gods. They sacrificed over 20,000 people a year. The emperor thought that a special temple should be built for the deadly ritual, so, the Aztecs built the Sacrificial Temple. One example of such a temple would be the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan. The cities of the Aztec empire were always wanting to make their sacrificial temple better than any other cities. They decided not to destroy the old temple, but to build over it! They made temples larger, more extravagant, and more pleasing to the eye with each new layer. In addition, the temples had more steps, more decorations, and a larger sacrificial area. (These temples look a lot like the great Egyptian pyramids except they do not have a pointed top. Instead, they have a flat top with two small compartments where the sacrifices were held) In a rare find, archaeologists found a temple which was built over six times! Each new temple was more magnificent than the others.

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