81. Hewn And Hammered A collaborative community weblog devoted to Arts and Crafts movement architecture and design. http://www.hewnandhammered.com

Hewn and Hammered Restoring and remodeling old homes, with an emphasis on the American Craftsman movement. home shop subscribe via feed or email archives ... Broken Antique Window Glass? Learn How to Replace It With Historically Accurate Restoration Glass Owners of historic homes and buildings take great pride in their antique window glass. With its occasional wave, bubble, and characteristic imperfections, it testifies to the history of an old structure or a piece of furniture, exuding the charm and character of by-gone days. The making of window glass began in the 7th century with the development of mouthblown Crown glass. The 11th century saw the invention of the Cylinder glass method of producing mouth-blown antique window glass , first developed in Germany. Today, Cylinder and Crown glass are two types of authentic, mouthblown antique window glass found in fine American homes and buildings built from the 17th to early 20th centuries. When old window glass is broken or damaged, people often go to great lengths to find a perfect match in order to preserve the historical integrity of a home or building. Finding the right glass can pose a significant challenge, considering the relatively wide-spread production of antique window glass ended after the invention of the first mechanical method for “drawing” glass, to be later followed by today’s ubiquitous “float” glass. Window glass salvaged from another old building can be one replacement option. However, it can often be challenging to remove it from its old frame, cut it to the required size, and clean it.

82. J.-E Berger Foundation:Pilgrimage To Abydos World Art Treasures provides an interactive plan of the Egyptian temple, which leads to photographs, history and description. Glossary available. http://www.bergerfoundation.ch/Abydos/

83. Ancient Egyptian Architecture - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia An illustrated description of the architecture of ancient Egypt and its characteristics. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture

Ancient Egyptian architecture From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search The well preserved Temple of Horus at Edfu is an example of Egyptian architecture and architectural sculpture The Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential civilizations which developed a vast array of diverse structures encompassing ancient Egyptian architecture . The architectural monuments, which include the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza , are among the largest and most famous. Contents Characteristics of Egyptian Architecture The Giza pyramid complex Karnak Luxor Temple ... edit Characteristics of Egyptian Architecture Due to the scarcity of wood, the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-baked mud brick and stone , mainly limestone, but also sandstone and granite in considerable quantities. From the Old Kingdom onward, stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples , while bricks were used even for royal palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple precincts and towns, and for subsidiary buildings in temple complexes. Ancient Egyptian houses were made out of mud collected from the Nile river. It was placed in molds and left to dry in the hot sun to harden for use in construction.

84. Egyptian Architecture Describes the architectural style and development of Egyptian temples, mastabas and pyramids. http://www.aldokkan.com/art/architecture.htm

Skip to Navigation Search box footer HOME ... Arts Egyptian architecture Comparison Between Egyptian and Japanese Architecture Criteria Egyptian Architecture Ancient Japanese Architecture Images Early Development Architectural style developed during the Pre-Dynastic Period c. 4000 BC. Early forms of Japanese architecture shared a close relationship with Korean architecture between 665-57 BC. The distinct Japanese architecture was fully developed during the fifth century A.D. Function Religious beliefs of eternal life, resulted in an impressive sepulchral architecture, tomb building started as soon as a Pharaoh was named, and continued throughout his life until his death. Massive, static, and serene architecture emerged from the need to obtain stability in stone walls Castles, aristocratic mansions, teahouses, Buddhist temples , and Shinto shrines. Top of Page Architectural Style Focal Points Statues of Pharaohs and sanctuaries of gods in temples , and sarcophagus in tombs dominated the whole architectural layout. Walls immensely thick and sloping - structural requirement for balancing (vertical walls of stone are unstable) Stone Columns closely spaced - Large spans were not possible Stone Lintels - massive with short spans, stone is a material that has a weak tensile strength

85. Ancient Egyptian Temples Provides information about the functions, locations and characteristics of religious architecture in Egypt http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptemples.html

Ancient Egyptian Temples The temples were was the House of Worships to the many the Gods and Goddesses the ancent Egyptians worshipped. All was to be kept clean and in order according to the laws of Maat. If not - the god or goddess would leave and great unrest would result for Egypt. Temples were found everywhere. Each city had a temple built for the god of that city. The purpose of the temple was to be a cosmic center by which men had communication with the gods. As the priests became more powerful, tombs became a part of great temples. Shown below is a typical temple flood plan with the purposes of each section given. There are two parts of the temple; the outer temple where the beginning initiates are allowed to come, and the inner temple where one can enter only after proven worthy and ready to acquire the higher knowledge and insights. The highest priest for any and all gods was of course Pharaoh, who in his turn appointed high priests and other priests to perform his duties to the gods. And it was only Pharaoh or the priest on duty who was ever allowed into the innermost chamber of the temple, where the naos was kept (the shrine built of wood), where the statue of the god was situated. This they did only at the morning ceremony, the midday and evening ceremony. At all other times noone entered that part of the temple. The rest of the priesthood were the only ones who were allowed beyond the outer court. The worshippers (the Shemsu) were never allowed further than the outer court, where they could leave their offerings to priests who brought them into the temple. So the temple was indeed considered the home of the god, it did not function like the temples of other cultures where people come and go more or less as they please. These temple precincts were the domains of the god, who was believed to be resident in actual fact.

86. Balmoral Castle And Estate, Online Shop, Gift Shop, Holiday Cottages, Fishing, S Highland home of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II. Includes history and visitor information. http://www.balmoralcastle.com/

87. Churrigueresque - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Overview of the most exuberantly ornamental phase of Spanish architectural decoration, which migrated to Spanish colonies in the New World. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrigueresque

Churrigueresque From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain . Churrigueresque Obradoiro façade Churrigueresque refers to a Spanish Baroque style of elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 17th century and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building. Contents Origins Development Churrigueresque revival See also ... edit Origins Named after the architect and sculptor, José Benito de Churriguera , who was born in Madrid of a Catalan family (originally named Xoriguera), and who worked primarily in Madrid and Salamanca , the origins of the style are said to go back to an architect and sculptor named Alonso Cano , who designed the facade of the cathedral at Granada , in 1667. A distant precursor (early 15th century) of the overwrought style can be found in the Lombard Charterhouse of Pavia ; yet the sculpture-encrusted facade still has the Italianate appeal to rational narrative. The Churrigueresque style appeals to the proliferative geometry, and has a more likely ancestry in the Moorish architecture or Mudéjar architecture that still remained through south and central Spain. The interior stucco roofs of, for example the

88. Islamic Architecture - Aga Khan Award For Architecture Sakar Datoo explains the development of Islamic architecture, with references. Part of Ismaili Web. http://www.amaana.org/tajik/sakarchit.htm

Home Guestbook Email Page 1 ... What's New Islamic Architecture - An Appreciation Islamic Architecture - An Appreciation - By Sakar Datoo Whether in colour, or clay, or stone, Whether by the harp, or a letter or sound, The true miracle of art is shown when nourished by the heart�s blood." Allama Iqbal Since the establishment of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture some two decades ago as an endeavour of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, there has been increasing awareness and appreciation of Islamic Art and Architecture. As is known to most of us, the winners of the Seventh Cycle of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture were announced at the ceremony held on 9th October,l998 in the gardens of Alhambra, itself one of famous monuments of Islamic Architecture in the West. As the event dominates the news at this time, I am prompted to share my perceptions and appreciation, amateur albeit, on the subject of Islamic Architecture. In the year 622 AD, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) migrated (Hijrat) to the city of Yatrib(which later became Medina). There, a community of believers who had accepted Islam prayed in the compound of the Holy Prophet(SAW)�s house. The congregational prayers of this new community

89. ISLAMIC ART NETWORK The Thesaurus Islamicus Foundation provides material on Islamic art and architecture including photographs of Islamic monuments in Cairo. http://www.islamic-art.org

90. Renaissance Architecture - Great Buildings - Architecture Online Images and information on Renaissance buildings and their architects, provided by Great Buildings Online. http://www.greatbuildings.com/types/styles/renaissance.html

91. Italian Renaissance Architecture A collection of images from Art Serve at the Australian National University. http://rubens.anu.edu.au/htdocs/surveys/italren/renarch/

92. Renaissance Architecture - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia An illustrated description of the architecture of the Renaissance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture

Renaissance architecture From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Tempietto di San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, 1502, by Bramante. This small temple marks the place where St Peter was put to death. Temple of Vesta Rome , 205 AD. As the most important temple of Ancient Rome, it became the model for Bramante's Tempietto Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, in which there was a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance architecture followed Gothic architecture and was succeeded by Baroque architecture The Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry proportion , geometry and the regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of classical antiquity and in particular ancient Roman architecture , of which many examples remained. Orderly arrangements of columns pilasters and lintels , as well as the use of semicircular arches, hemispherical domes niches and aedicules replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of medieval buildings.

93. The Museum Of Reconstructions A non-profit digital museum creating electronic reconstructions of ruined masterpieces of ancient architecture. http://www.reconstructions.org/

94. Classical Architecture - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia An illustrated history and description of the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_architecture

Classical architecture From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article may contain original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references . Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page (December 2007) Classical architecture is a mode of architecture employing vocabulary derived in part from the Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity , enriched by classicizing architectural practice in Europe since the Renaissance . Classical architecture has inspired many more recent architects and has led to revivals such as neoclassical architecture from the mid-18th century and the Greek Revival of the 19th century. Contents Archaeological use Architectural use Petrification See also ... edit Archaeological use The Casa das Fontes in the ancient roman city of Conímbriga Portugal Classical architecture can be divided into: Greek architecture before Alexander the Great Hellenistic architecture Roman architecture Only Greek architecture in the time before Alexander (who died in 323 BC) carries an authentic

95. ROMAN BATHS Essay on the design and functions of Roman Baths by J.K. Gillon. http://gillonj.tripod.com/romanbaths/

var TlxPgNm='index'; Build your own FREE website at Tripod.com Share: Facebook Twitter Digg reddit document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard']); document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard2']); ROMAN BATHS Public baths are known to have existed in early Egyptian palaces and bathing occupied an important place in the life of the Greeks, indicated by the remains of bathing rooms in the palace of Knossos that date from 1700 BC. However, it was the Romans that developed bathing to high degree of sophistication At first, the Roman baths were designed on a small scale as they were used simply for cleansing after physical training exercises. The balnea developed as private baths or neighbourhood baths. Their popularity encouraged the introduction of public baths, thermae, on a massive scale. These included the Baths of Titus (AD 81), Baths of Domitian (95), Trajan's Baths ( c. 100), the Baths of Caracalla (217), and the Thermae of Diocletian. Excavations at Olympia show that from originally modest, functional buildings, with a cold pool, hot slipper baths, and a steam bath, the thermae developed into pleasure palaces. Beginning in the Hellenistic era, their role expanded from one of facilitating cleanliness to one of making life as pleasant as possible. The opulence of the Roman bath embodies the essence of a culture that thrived on pleasure and leisure. Some of the thermae were large enough to accommodate thousands of bathers; the Diocletian bath had a capacity for 6,000 bathers. Roman baths were also built wherever the Romans made conquests, and the imperial bathing establishment was repeated in its essential form throughout the Roman Empire. Bathhouses were also provided for the army as far north as The Antonine Wall.

96. THE POMPEIAN HOUSE Essay on the construction and decoration of the Pompeian House. http://gillonj.tripod.com/pompeianhouse/

var TlxPgNm='index'; Build your own FREE website at Tripod.com Share: Facebook Twitter Digg reddit document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard']); document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard2']); THE POMPEIAN HOUSE Pompeii was a small, comparatively insignificant town with never more than 20,000 inhabitants. However, its burial in 79 AD by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius preserved its structure and it is now one of the most intact examples of an ancient city, offering a complete record of the social, domestic and cultural life of its citizens. Apart from its main public buildings, Pompeii was a town of narrow streets with each house, or each back-to-back group of houses, filling a block (insula). The architecture spans several centuries and the buildings exemplify the evolution of domestic architecture from the Italic model of the 4 th rd centuries BC to that of 1 st century AD Imperial Rome. CONSTRUCTION The form of the Pompeian domus or townhouse is derived from Greek and Hellenistic designs and varies greatly in size and elaboration, from two or three rooms to large buildings with many rooms arranged around courtyards. The houses were entered from a narrow street facade which was plain and windowless, or was let out as shops. They display two main design aspects: a feeling for inwardness and a regular composition. There are a number of characteristics, which developed over time, that are common to most of the preserved houses. The characteristic Italic single storey family domus is represented by the House of the Surgeon. It conforms to a standard rectangular plan, organised around a central atrium, or interior court, which held the shrine of the house gods. The atrium is covered by a roof that has an opening (compluvium) in the centre, below which a water pool (impluvium) received the rainwater from the gutters of the compluvium. The tablinum, the main living room where the family dined and received guests, occupies the side opposite the entrance. Beyond the tablinum is the garden which lacks the elaborate porticoes and colonnades of the Hellenistic house. The rooms are grouped axially and symmetrically around the vestibule, atrium and rear court. This axis of alternately light and dark spaces is flanked by symmetrically arranged domestic rooms. The cartibulum, or table for the utensils used in serving meals, was placed in front of the tablinum.

97. Ancient Greek Architecture - Great Buildings - Architecture Online Information from Great Buildings Online. http://www.greatbuildings.com/types/styles/greek.html

98. Architecture Greece - Greek Architecture - Monuments - Columns - Parthenon. Selection of articles and links on the subject. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/greekarchitecture/

zWASL=1 zGL='0';zGR='ca-about-radlink'; zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Ancient / Classical History Ancient / Classical History Search Ancient History Wars Filed In: Greece and Rome Ancient Greece Culture Art - Greek Art / Architect Greece - Greek Architecture Monuments Greek architecture and monuments. The various orders of Greek architecture, columns, and monuments, including the Parthenon. Columns (15) Parthenon (7) The Temple of Athena Nike About the Temple of Athena Nike zSB(3,3) Architrave The architrave is part of the entablature. Frieze Frieze is an ancient architectural feature. Acropolis The acropolis was the high point of a city, but now usually refers to the acropolis in Athens. Odeon of Herodes Atticus Brief identification of the Odeon of Herodes Atticus Olympia These photographs of Olympia are courtesy of John and Kathryn Wildgen. They have kindly released them into the public domain, and they are free for your use. Ancient Greek Architecture Thirteen structures with architectural details, including the temples of Athena Nike, Paestum, Artemis, Apollo, and the 4th temple of Hera. Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome Mostly photographs of architectural structures in Italy and France.

99. Parthenon - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Illustrated article from the collaborative online encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon

Parthenon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search For other uses, see Parthenon (disambiguation) Coordinates 37°58′13″N 23°43′21″E ... 37.97025°N 23.72247°E Parthenon (Greek) The Parthenon Type Temple Architectural style Classical Location Athens Greece Owner Greek government Current tenants Museum Started Completed Destroyed Partly on 26 September 1687 Size 69.5 by 30.9 m (228 by 101 ft) Height 1250 (CM) Other dimensions Cella : 29.8 by 19.2 m (98 by 63 ft) Architect Iktinos Kallikrates Other designers Phidias (sculptor) The Parthenon. The Parthenon Ancient Greek ) is a temple in the Athenian Acropolis Greece , dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena Classical Greece , generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order . Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art . The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a programme of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability of the partially ruined structure. The Parthenon itself replaced an older temple of Athena, which historians call the Pre-Parthenon or

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