1. Confucianism An illustrated article reviewing the basic Confucian teachings and the history of confucianism. http://www.crystalinks.com/confucianism.html

Confucianism Confucianism means "The School of the Scholars"; or, less accurately, "The Religion of Confucius") is an East Asian ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the early Chinese sage Confucius. It is a complex system of moral, social, political and religious which had tremendous influence on the history of Chinese civilization down to the 20th century. Some have considered it to have been the "state religion" of imperial China.Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short-lived Qin Dynasty, Confucianism was chosen by Han Wudi for use as a political system to govern the Chinese state. Despite its loss of influence during the Tang Dynasty, Confucianist doctrine remained a mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia until the beginning of the 20th century, when it was vigorously repressed by Chinese Communism. However, there are recent signs of a revival of Confucianism in mainland China.The cultures most strongly influenced by Confucianism include Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese. This includes various territories, including mainland China (including Hong Kong and Macao), Taiwan, Singapore (settled predominantly by ethnic Chinese), the Korean peninsula, and Vietnam.Confucianism as passed down to the 20th and 21st century derives primarily from the school of the Neo-Confucians, led by Zhu Xi, who gave Confucianism renewed vigour in the Song and later dynasties. Neo-Confucianism combined Taoist and Buddhist ideas with existing Confucian ideas to create a more complete metaphysics than had ever existed before. Many forms of Confucianism have, however, declared their opposition to the Buddhist and Taoist belief systems, despite their importance and popularity in Chinese tradition.

2. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Confucianism An article by Charles F. Aiken. Reviews the key teachings and history of confucianism, and its relation to Christianity http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04223b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... C > Confucianism Confucianism By Confucianism is meant the complex system of moral social , political, and religious teaching built up by Confucius on the ancient Chinese traditions , and perpetuated as the State religion down to the present day. Confucianism aims at making not simply the man of virtue , but the man of learning and of good manners. The perfect man must combine the qualities of saint , scholar, and gentleman. Confucianism is a religion without positive revelation , with a minimum of dogmatic teaching, whose popular worship is centered in offerings to the dead, in which the notion of duty is extended beyond the sphere of morals proper so as to embrace almost every detail of daily life. The teacher, Confucius The chief exponent of this remarkable religion was K'ung-tze, or K'ung-fu-tze, latinized by the early Jesuit missionaries into Confucius Confucius was born in 551 B.C., in what was then the feudal state of Lu , now included in the modern province of Shan-tung . His parents , while not wealthy , belonged to the superior class. His father was a warrior, distinguished no less for his

3. CONFUCIANISM Religions of the world confucianism a world religion founded by K'ung Fu Tzu (a.k.a. Confucius) Sponsored link. http://www.religioustolerance.org/confuciu.htm

About this site About us Our beliefs Is this your first visit? Contact us ... Vital notes World religions BUDDHISM CHRISTIANITY Christian def'n Shared beliefs ... Comparing Religions Non-theistic beliefs Atheism Agnosticism Humanism Other About all religions Main topics Basic information Handling change Quotes ... More information Spiritual/ethics Spirituality Absolute truth Peace/conflict Attaining peace Religious tolerance Religious freedom Religious hatred ... Religious violence "Hot" topics Very hot topics Ten Commandments Abortion access Assisted suicide ... Other topics Laws and news Religious laws Religious news Religions of the world: Confucianism: a world religion founded by K'ung Fu Tzu (a.k.a. Confucius) Sponsored link. document.write(''); Overview: Confucianism is an ethical and philosophical system that is normally considered one of the world religions. It originated in China but has spread to Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. Most people who adhere to the teachings of Confucius follow Chinese traditional religion, which is a blending of Confucianism, Buddhism Taoism , and traditional local practices and beliefs.

4. Confucianism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (Kǒng Fūzǐ, or K'ungfu-tzu, lit. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism

Confucianism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding reliable references . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (January 2010) Confucianism The Dacheng Hall, the main hall of the Temple of Confucius in Qufu Chinese Transliterations Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Rújiā Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (Kǒng Fūzǐ, or K'ung-fu-tzu, lit. "Master Kong", 551–478 BC). It is a complex system of moral, social, political, philosophical , and quasi-religious thought that has had tremendous influence on the culture and history of East Asia. It might be considered a state religion of some East Asian countries, because of governmental promotion of Confucian philosophies. Cultures and countries strongly influenced by Confucianism include mainland China Taiwan Korea Japan and Vietnam , as well as various territories settled predominantly by Chinese people , such as Singapore In Confucianism, human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. A main idea of Confucianism is the cultivation of virtue and the development of moral perfection. Confucianism holds that one should give up one's life, if necessary, either passively or actively, for the sake of upholding the cardinal moral values of

5. Japan - Confucianism Japan Table of Contents. Although not practiced as a religion, confucianism from China has deeply influenced Japanese thought. In essence, confucianism is the http://countrystudies.us/japan/62.htm

Confucianism Japan Table of Contents Although not practiced as a religion, Confucianism from China has deeply influenced Japanese thought. In essence, Confucianism is the practice of proper forms of conduct, especially in social and familial relationships. It is derived from compilations attributed to the fifth-century B.C. Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi or Kongzi (Confucius; in Japanese, Koshi). Confucian government was to be a moral government, bureaucratic in form and benevolent toward the ruled. Confucianism also provided a hierarchical system, in which each person was to act according to his or her status to create a harmoniously functioning society and ensure loyalty to the state. The teachings of filial piety and humanity continue to form the foundation for much of social life and ideas about family and nation. Neo-Confucianism, introduced to Japan in the twelfth century, is an interpretation of nature and society based on metaphysical principles and is influenced by Buddhist and Daoist ideas. In Japan, where it is known as Shushigaku (Shushi School, after the Chinese neo-Confucian scholar Zhu XiShushi in Japanese), it brought the idea that family stability and social responsibility are human obligations. The school used various metaphysical concepts to explain the natural and social order. Shushigaku, in turn, influenced the kokutai

6. New Page 1 A brief overview of the confucianism history, belief and ethics. http://confucianism.freehostingguru.com/

Confucianism History K'ung Fu Tzu (commonly pronounced Confucius in English) was born in 551 BCE in the state of Lu (modern day Shantung Province). He lived during the Chou dynasty, and era known for its moral laxity. Later in life, he wandered through many states of China, giving advice to their rulers. He accumulated a small band of students during this time. The last years of his life were spent back in Lu, where he devoted himself to teaching. His writings deal primarily with individual morality and ethics, and the proper exercise of political power by the rulers. In China, and some other areas in Asia, the social ethics and moral teachings of Confucius are blended with the Taoist communion with nature and Buddhist concepts of the afterlife, to form a set of complementary, peacefully co-existent and ecumenical religions. There are approximately 6 million Confucians in the world. About 26,000 live in North America; almost all of the remainder are found throughout China and the rest of Asia. Beliefs: Confucian ethical teachings include the following values: Li: includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc.

7. A Ready Defense-Confucianism Answers to tough questions a confucianism, a religion of optimistic humanism, has had a monumental impact on the life, social structure and political structure of China. http://www.greatcom.org/resources/areadydefense/ch26/default.htm

8. Confucianism: Definition From Answers.com n. The political morality taught by Confucius and his disciples, which forms the basis of the Chinese jurisprudence and education. It can hardly be called a religion, as it http://www.answers.com/topic/confucianism

9. Confucianism Ethics ImageConfucius 01.jpg ImagePICT2367.JPG confucianism (Chinese , Pinyin R xu ?, lit. The School of the Scholars , but see Names for confucianism) is an East Asianethicaland http://www.lumrix.net/medical/ethics/confucianism.html

Homepage Imprint [ICD 10 Search] Back ... [ICD 10 Search] Confucianism Confucianism Portal Image:Confucius 01.jpg Image:PICT2367.JPG Confucianism (Chinese : , Pinyin R�xu�? , lit. " The School of the Scholars ", but see Names for Confucianism ) is an East Asianethicaland philosophical systemoriginally developed from the teachings of the early Chinesesage Confucius . It is a complex system of moral , social , political , and religiousthought which had tremendous influence on the history of Chinese civilizationdown to the 21st century . Some have considered it to have been the "state religion " of imperial China The culturesmost strongly influenced by Confucianism include those of China , Japan , Korea , and Vietnam , as well as various territories including Hong Kong , Macao , Taiwan , and Singapore , where ethnic Chineseare the majority. Inhaltsverzeichnis Core Confucian texts The Four Books The Five Classics Development of early Confucianism Development by Confucius Development after Confucius The spread of Confucianism Core Concepts Rites Relationships Filial piety Loyalty Humaneness The perfect gentleman Governing Meritocracy Debates Does Confucianism promote corruption?

10. An Introduction To Confucianism A brief historical overview of confucianism and description of basic Confucian beliefs, by Meredith Sprunger. From the Urantia Book Fellowship. http://www.ubfellowship.org/archive/readers/601_confucianism.htm

SITE SEARCH: Religious Issues Archive An Introduction to Confucianism Dr. Meredith Sprunger This document contains a brief historical overview of Confucianism and a description of basic Confucian beliefs. Related Documents in this archive: The Social Problems of Religion Religion in Human Experience The Urantia Book's synopsis of Confucian teachings VI. CONFUCIANISM The Religion of Social Propriety Confucianism has been the chief cultural influence of China for centuries. The teachings of Confucius were never intended to be a religion. It has no revelatory sacred writings, no priesthood, no doctrine of an afterlife, and frowned on asceticism and monasticism. Later Confucius was deified and raised to the rank of Emperor and Co-assessor with the deities in Heaven and Earth. Official animal sacrifices were made at the tomb of Confucius for centuries. In 1982 Confucianism claims 156,070,100 adherents. The Chinese name of Confucius was Kung. His disciples called him Kung, the master (Kung Fu-tse) which western missionaries Latinized to "Confucius." He was born in 551 B. C. of an aristocratic family who had lost their wealth and position. His father, who died before Confucius was three, is said to have been a famous warrior of gigantic size and strength who was seventy years old when Confucius was conceived. Confucius was the youngest of eleven children. He grew up in poverty but received a good education. In his teens he accepted a minor government position, married and fathered a son but the marriage ended in divorce.

11. Confucianism - Canon Themes Confucius (kong Zi, Kongfuzi, K'ung-fu-tzu) Commentary, and online texts and resources for the study of this school of thought. http://www.interfaith.org/confucianism/

Interfaith Online CONFUCIANISM CONFUCIANISM THE ANALECHTS BOOK OF MENCIUS THE GREAT LEARNING DOCTRINE OF THE MEAN MAIN SITE COMPARATIVE RELIGION INTERFAITH DIALOGUE FORUM ABOUT MAIN SECTIONS WORLD RELIGIONS ALTERNATIVE SPIRITUALITY ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY GENERAL ARTICLES SPECIAL FEATURE: APOCRYPHA COMMUNITY FORUMS ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS EASTERN THOUGHT ALTERNATIVE SPIRITUALITY ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY COMPARATIVE STUDIES Interfaith confucianism confucius The Chinese philosopher and social reformer, Kong Zi, (Wade-Giles - K'ung-fu-tzu; or Pinyin - Kongfuzi; see also - Kong Qiu), or Master K'ung, is best known by the Latin form of his name, Confucius, which was bestowed by Jesuit missionaries centuries after his death. Confucius was apparently born about 551 BC in the Watch Tower (Queli) district of Qufu, then the capital of the state of Lu of the Zhou kingdom. He is believed to have worked as a minor civil servant and teacher under the Zhou Dynasty. The tradition he left was not originally intended as a philosophical learning, as much as a "Way of the Gentleman", and in Chinese "Confucianism" is better rendered as "The School of the learned". Confuciansim itself is a system of honour codes and moral assumptions for the educated upper classes of Chinese society, principally formed by Confucius, Mencius (Mengzi), and Xunzi. canonisation It was later writers, such as Sima Tan, Sima Qian, and Liu Xiang, who distilled philosophical elements from the Confucian writings. A large number of different schools of thought emerged from the study of such texts in relation to the Confucian canon.

12. Confucianism - Academic Kids confucianism (儒家 Pinyin rjiā The School of the Scholars ), sometimes translated as the School of Literati, is an East Asian ethical, religious and philosophical system http://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Confucianism

Confucianism From Academic Kids Confucianism Pinyin School of Literati , is an East Asian ethical, religious and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of Confucius Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short-lived Qin Dynasty , Confucianism was chosen by Han Wudi and used as a political system and a kind of state religion . Despite loss of influence during the Tang Dynasty , Confucianist doctrine remained mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia, until the beginning of 20th century , when it was vigorously repressed by Chinese Communism . However, there are recent signs of a revival of Confucianism due to the loosening political control as well as a surge of Chinese nationalism. Since Confucius' death, many people, mostly in China Korea Japan , and Vietnam , have professed Confucianist beliefs and seen in this historical figure the "Greatest Master." Zhu Xi and other Neo-Confucians gave Confucianism renewed vigor in the Song and later dynasties. Neo-Confucianism combined Taoist and Buddhist ideas with existing Confucian ideas to create a more complete metaphysic than had existed before. Confucianism as it exists today is primarily a creation of Zhu Xi and the other Neo-Confucians.

13. Neo-Confucianism Short article by Michael C. Kalton. http://faculty.washington.edu/mkalton/NeoConfucianism.htm

Neo-Confucianism Neo-Confucianism: The synthesis of Taoist cosmology and Buddhist spirituality around the core of Confucian concern with society and government, a synthesis which predominated in the intellectual and spiritual life of China, Korea, and Japan prior to the modern period. History 1) Confucianism 2) Neo-Confucianism 3) The Founders The four main architects of this new vision during the early years were Chou Tun-i (1017-1073), Chang Tsai (1020-1077), and his nephews, the brothers Ch'eng Hao (1032-1083) and Ch'eng I (1033-1108). Chou's Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate Ten Diagrams ; it became the cornerstone of Neo-Confucian metaphysics. Chang Tsai elaborated a monistic metaphysics based, like Chou's Diagram , on the Book of Changes li , "principle," which became the pivot point of Neo-Confucian metaphysics, psychology, and ascetical doctrine. 4) Chu Hsi and Wang Yang-ming The central figure in this Confucian revival, however, was Chu Hsi (1130-1200). He creatively synthesized the rather disparate contributions of these earlier thinkers into a coherent, powerful vision. His commentaries on the Four Books3 wove a classical foundation for this vision so persuasively that in 1313 his interpretation was made normative for the civil service examinations. The Ch'eng-Chu school, so called because of the centrality of the Ch'engs' contribution to Chu Hsi's system, thus achieved the status of an officially sanctioned orthodoxy. The "Lu-Wang school" equated mind with li 5) The Four Books The Neo-Confucian movement developed metaphysical and ascetical dimensions essential to revitalizing the Confucian tradition. In the course of this, it also reshaped the classical canon as attention focused particularly on works which spoke to these new concerns. The

14. Confucianism - ReligionFacts confucianism is a way of life taught by Confucius in the 6th–5th century BC. Sometimes viewed as a philosophy, sometimes as a religion, confucianism is perhaps best http://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/confucianism.htm

Enter your search terms Submit search form Religions A-Z A-Z Religion Index Big Religion Chart Article Info published: 12/20/05 Related Books The Analects Confucius An Introduction to Confucianism Xinzhong Yao Thinking Through Confucius David L. Hall Confucian Ethics Kwong-Loi Shun Socrates, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Karl Jaspers Confucius: The Secular as Sacred Herbert Fingarette Understanding the I Ching Hellmut Wilhelm a-z religion index / confucianism Confucianism Confucianism Confucianism has been followed by the Chinese for more than two millennia. It has deeply influenced spiritual and political life in China; its influence has also extended to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. East Asians may profess themselves to be Shintoists, Taoists, Buddhists, Muslims, or Christians - but seldom do they cease to be Confucians. Fast Facts Date founded: 6th-5th cent. BC Place founded: China Founder: Confucius (551-479 BC) Adherents: 5-6 million Confucius , the common name of Confucianism's founder, is a Latinized form of the Chinese K'ung-fu-tzu , "Master K'ung."

15. Confucianism — Infoplease.com More on confucianism from Infoplease neoConfucian meaning and definitions - neo-Confucian Definition and Pronunciation; confucianism - confucianism Confucius (K'ung Fu-tzu), born in http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0813209.html

16. World Religions- Confucianism JoyofSects.com is devoted to showing the commonality among the world's religious traditions. It promotes the value of the world's spiritual wisdom; offers knowledge and facts about http://www.joyofsects.com/world/confucianism.shtml

Confucianism Confucianism Topics Confucianism Confucian Texts and Key Principles The State Religion World Religions Home Confucius Confucius is a Latinization of K'ung Fu-tzu ("Kung the Master"), who lived from 551 to 479 BCE. Despite starting early in a life of study, Confucius failed to become a public servant as he dreamed. Instead, he taught his socially radical principles to a small but loyal band of followers outside the mainstream of Chinese political life. Although his teachings were not especially popular in his own day, they exerted tremendous influence on the moral and philosophical thought of all China in the centuries after his death. In systematizing the accumulated social wisdom and ideals of the ancients, Confucius referred to himself as a "transmitter" rather than a creator. "In me, knowledge is not innate," he said. "I am one who loves antiquity and is earnest in the study of it." Like the ancient philosophers who had come before him, Confucius realized that the only way to establish a harmonious society was to inculcate ethical conduct in individuals, and much of his philosophy was aimed at just that. Social conditions continued to deteriorate after K'ung's death, culminating in the violently chaotic era known as the Period of the Warring States (401-221). The social upheaval that was ripping up Chinese society during that time may have created precisely the fertile soil in which K'ung's teachings began to bear fruit. What had been a kind of heroic approach to warfare ruled by chivalric codes known as

17. Confucian Documents Texts of confucianism at sacredtexts.com The Chinese Classics These are key texts of confucianism, the traditional state religion of feudal China. http://www.sacred-texts.com/cfu/index.htm

Topics Home Catalog African Age of Reason ... Comparative Confucianism DNA Earth Mysteries Egyptian England ... Buy books about Confucianism Confucianism and Traditional Chinese beliefs The Chinese Classics These are key texts of Confucianism, the traditional state religion of feudal China. These are some of the few Chinese texts which survived a disasterous book-burning in 213 B.C.E. by the Emperor Ch'in Shih Huang. Confucian Canon Five Classics Sacred Books of China Traditional Chinese Beliefs Confucian Canon. Although three of four of these books are traditionally attributed to Confucius (K'ung-tzu, 551-479 B.C.E.) it has been established that he did not write a single word of them; they were written down by his students after his death. The Analects come closest to an actual exposition of his philosophy. These works were put into their present form by Chu Hsi in the late twelfth century C.E. These four books were required reading in order to pass the civil service exminations, (started in 1315), which were the gateway to employment in the Imperial bureaucracy. The translations are by James Legge, from his 'Chinese Classics' series. Works traditionally attributed to Confucius, but of uncertain authorship, have an asterisk following his name. The Confucian Canon in Chinese and English Confucius , tr.

18. Confucianism, Confucius A discussion on Confucius and confucianism. A source of information for deeper understanding of religious subjects. http://www.mb-soft.com/believe/txo/confuciu.htm

Confucianism, Confucius General Information Confucianism, the philosophical system founded on the teaching of Confucius (551 - 479 BC), dominated Chinese sociopolitical life for most of Chinese history and largely influenced the cultures of Korea, Japan, and Indochina. The Confucian school functioned as a recruiting ground for government positions, which were filled by those scoring highest on examinations in the Confucian classics. It also blended with popular and imported religions and became the vehicle for articulating Chinese mores to the peasants. The school's doctrines supported political authority using the theory of the mandate of heaven. It sought to help the rulers maintain domestic order, preserve tradition, and maintain a constant standard of living for the taxpaying peasants. It trained its adherents in benevolence, traditional rituals, filial piety, loyalty, respect for superiors and for the aged, and principled flexibility in advising rulers. BELIEVE Religious Information Source web-site Our List of 1,300 Religious Subjects

19. Confucius And Confucianism Articles and online resources on confucius and the history of confucianism. http://www.shanghai.ws/confucianism/

Named for at 6th century B.C. Chinese teacher and thinker, K'ung Fu-tzu, whose Latinized name is Confucius, Confucianism is one of the three religions that form the traditional heritage of China (together with Taoism and Buddhism). read more Neo-Confucianism as propagated by Zhu Xi (1130-4200, in Japanese, Shushi) of Song China became the most influential doctrine in shaping the thought and behavior of the Japanese people. This was in part due to the state sanction and encouragement given to its teachings. Tokugawa Ieyasu and his successors found its ideal of orderly submission to the authorities well suited to the bakufu's desire to maintain a stable political and social order. read more In its early form (before the 3d cent. B.C.) Confucianism was primarily a system of ethical precepts for the proper management of society. It envisaged man as essentially a social creature who is bound to his fellows by jen, a term often rendered as ��humanity,�� or ��human-kind-ness.�� Jen is expressed through the five relations��sovereign and subject, parent and child, elder and younger brother, husband and wife, and friend and friend. Of these, the filial relation is usually stressed. read more The Confucian tradition has a long historical legacy in East Asia extending from China across Korea and Japan and into Vietnam. The influence of Confucianism has been significant in political thought and institutions, social relationships and ritual exchange, educational philosophy and moral teaching, cultural attitudes, and historical interpretation. Indeed, Confucian values still play an important part in East Asian life despite the striking inroads of modernization and westernization.

20. Confucianism Origins, Confucianism History, Confucianism Beliefs Origin Map Lens. See when and where every major religion started. Side By Side Religion Comparison Lens. Pick up to three religions/faiths and compare their religion history http://www.patheos.com/Library/Confucianism.html

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