1. Ecuador History. Pre-colombian And Pre-conquest, Conquest, Colonial, Independenc Ecuador history. Precolombian, pre-conquest, conquest, colonial, independence and 20 th century times. Hip Ecuador is a travel guide to Ecuador (coast, andes, amazon and the http://www.hipecuador.com/html/ecuador/ecuador_history.htm

Ecuador History Government Economy Society Geology ... Maps introduction pre-columbian conquest colonial era independence ... new era ECUADOR HISTORY Throughout its history, Ecuador has displayed continuity through traditional cultural and economic patterns as well as social and political interaction among the country's highly heterogeneous social groupings. Modern patterns merely overlay the traditional, making present-day Ecuador a veritable living museum displaying its varied and rich heritage. Pre-Columbian Ecuador is reflected in the persistence of native languages, customs and economic activities among a considerable though diminishing number of communities in the Sierra (Andean highlands) and the Oriente (eastern region). The legacy of three centuries of Spanish colonial rule is also pervasive and includes a social inequality that largely coincides with race, rural land tenure patterns, and the nation's dominant European cultural expressions. Analysts of Ecuador's post-independence political history have pointed to a number of persistent factors. Regionalism is especially prominent and is particularly expressed in the struggle for power between La Sierra represented by Quito, and La Costa (coastal region) represented by Guayaquil. Regionalism has coincided with the party struggle between the Quito-based Conservatives and the Guayaquil-based Liberals. Personal idealism which stems from the political prominence of military

2. Ecuador History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, C Ecuador History Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System http://workmall.com/wfb2001/ecuador/ecuador_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... Feedback Ecuador History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/ecuador/ecuador_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting PRE-HISPANIC ERA DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST ... Return to Democratic Rule, 1979-84 NOTE: The information regarding Ecuador on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Ecuador History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Ecuador History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - http://workmall.com/wfb2001/ecuador/ecuador_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

3. Ecuador History The coastal region and the high Andean basins of what is now Ecuador were inhabited by Indian tribes when the first Europeans reached the area's Pacific coast in 1526. http://www.ddg.com/LIS/aurelia/ecuhis.htm

4. Ecuador History Ecuador History. Advanced indigenous cultures flourished in Ecuador long before the Inca Empire conquered the area in http://www.latinartmall.com/Ecuador History.htm

Homepage Shipping Help Search for: Sign In Ecuador History Advanced indigenous cultures flourished in Ecuador long before the Inca Empire conquered the area in the 15th century. In 1534, the Spanish arrived and defeated the Inca armies, and Spanish colonists became the new elite. The indigenous population was decimated by disease in the first decades of Spanish rulea time when the natives also were forced into the "encomienda" labor system for Spanish landlords. In 1563, Quito became the seat of a royal "audiencia" (administrative district) of Spain. After independence forces defeated the royalist army in 1822, Ecuador joined Simon Bolivar's Republic of Gran Colombia, only to become a separate republic in 1830. The 19th century was marked by instability, with a rapid succession of rulers. The conservative Gabriel Garcia Moreno unified the country in the 1860s with the support of the Catholic Church. In the late 1800s, world demand for cocoa tied the economy to commodity exports and led to migrations from the highlands to the agricultural frontier on the coast.

5. History Of Ecuador - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The History of Ecuador extends over a 9,000year period. During this time a variety of cultures and territories influenced what has become the Republic of Ecuador. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ecuador

History of Ecuador From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search History of Ecuador This article is part of a series Ancient Cultures of Ecuador Pre-Columbian Ecuador Las Vegas Culture ... 1990–present Topics Ecuador – Peru Conflicts Military history Demographic history Economic history ... e The History of Ecuador extends over a 9,000-year period. During this time a variety of cultures and territories influenced what has become the Republic of Ecuador . The history can be divided into five eras: Pre-Columbian, The Conquest, The Colonial Period, The War of Independence and the Republican Era. The beginning of the history is represented by a variety of cultures and finishes with the Incan invasion. The Incas were followed closely by the arrival of the conquistadors , the Spanish Conquests. The Spanish founded modern day Quito and Guayaquil as part of the political-administration era which lasted until the war of Independence, the rise of Gran Colombia and Simon Bolivar to the final separation of his vision into what is known today as the Republic of Ecuador. Contents Pre-Columbian Ecuador Period of Regional Development La Bahia La Tolita Culture ... edit Pre-Columbian Ecuador Main article: Pre-Columbian Ecuador See also: Indigenous peoples in Ecuador Male figure from the Bahia Culture The present Republic of Ecuador is at the heart of the region where a variety of civilizations developed for millennia. During pre-Inca period people lived in clans, which formed great tribes, some allied with each other to form powerful confederations, as the Confederation of Quito. But none of these confederations could resist the formidable momentum of the

6. Ecuador History - Unearth Travel History. It is thought that the first settlers in the region we now know as Ecuador reached the area from Asia in around 12000 BC, but evidence of the first developed cultures cannot http://www.unearthtravel.com/guide/ecuador/history

Home Bookmark Share Login ... Blog Ecuador History Ecuador Guide Itinerary Gallery ... [Edit] History Rather than see their city in Spanish hands, the Incas of Quito razed the city - so that few Inca remains can now be found, and the Spanish founded the new city of Quito on 6th December 1534. During the periods of colonial rule, Ecuador was administered out of first Lima, now Peru, and then Colombia. The eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries proved very profitable for those of European decent, while those of Indian and Mixed race were exploited along with their land and resources, as was the case across the 'Nuevo Mundo' of South America. Profit flowed out of the country back to Spain, leaving the indigenous populations with some of the poorest living conditions ever recorded by history. Independence was achieved from the Spanish by Simón Bolivar in 1822 who dreamed of a united South America, and thus formed Gran Colombia, from what is now Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. This collapsed in 1830, at which point Ecuador became fully independent and subsequently the country went through a variety of leaders and political and economic systems. A long-standing border dispute with Peru, while officially ended in 1941 was not recognised by the Ecuadorian government until 1998. Recent politics have not been much more stable with a spate of leaders taking rule in quick succession, each characterised by corruption or dispute, strikes are common. However, while the politics and economies have fluctuated, the culture of Ecuador as a modern South American nation is at last very much established.

7. Ecuador - History E cuador's culture and history mirrors the diversity of its landscape. Like much of South America, Ecuadorian culture blends the influences of Spanish http://www.geographia.com/ecuador/history.htm

ECUADOR History and Culture Geographia Travel Partner iExplore Ecuador Personalized adventure or cultural travel. Guaranteed lowest prices. E In celebration of his victory, Huayna Capac ordered a great city to be built at Tomebamba, near Cuenca. Its size and influence rivaled the capital of Cuzco in Perua rivalry that would mature with posterity. When he died in 1526, Huayna Capac divided the empire between his two sons, Atahualpa and Huascar. Atahualpa ruled the northern reaches from Tombebamba, while Huascar held court over the south from Cuzco. The split inheritance was an unconventional and fateful move, as the first Spaniards arrived in the same year. On the eve of Pizarro's expedition into the empire, the brothers entered into a civil war for complete control. Francisco Pizarro landed in Ecuador in 1532, accompanied by 180 fully armed men and an equally strong lust for gold. Several years earlier, Pizarro had made a peaceful visit to the coast, where he heard rumors of inland cities of incredible wealth. This time, he intended to conquer the Incas just as Hernando Cortez had crushed Mexico's Aztecsand he couldn't have picked a better time. Atahualpa had only recently won the war against his brother when Pizarro arrived, and the empire was still unstable. Pizarro ambushed the ruler, forced him to collect an enormous ransom, and then executed him. Although the Incas mounted considerable resistance to Pizarro, they were soon broken.

8. Inca Trail, Ecuador History Inca Trail Tours Ecuador History The history of preInca Ecuador is lost in a tangle of time and legend. Generally speaking, the main populations lived on the coast and in http://www.incatrailtours.org/ecuador/history.php

IncaTrailTours.org Inca Trail Tours Ecuador Ecuador history Early Tribes The Inca Empire Quito . Thus the Inca Empire Cuzco The Spanish Conquest Pizarro's advance was rapid and dramatic. His horse-riding, armour-wearing, cannon-firing conquistadors were believed to be godlike, and although they were few in number, they spread terror among the Indians. In late 1532, a summit meeting was arranged between Pizarro and Atahualpa. Although Atahualpa was prepared to negotiate with the Spaniards, Pizarro had other ideas. When the Inca arrived at the pre-arranged meeting place (Cajamarca, in Peru) on November 16, the conquistadors captured him and massacred most of his poorly armed guards. Atahualpa was held for ransom, and in-calculable quantities of gold, silver and other valuables poured into Cajamarca . Instead of being released when the ransom was paid, the Inca was put through a sham trial and sentenced to death. Atahualpa was charged with incest (marrying one's sister was traditional in the Inca culture), polygamy, worship of false gods and crimes against the king, and he was executed on August 29, 1533. His death effectively brought the Inca Empire to an end. Cuenca Continues on next page .: Home .: Machu Picchu ... Travel to Peru and experience ancient ruins, ancient traditions, and ancient jungle! Plan your Peru tour to trek the Inca Trail.

9. Ecuador: History, Geography, Government, And Culture — Infoplease.com Information on Ecuador — geography, history, politics, government, economy, population statistics, culture, religion, languages, largest cities, as well as a map and the http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107479.html

Site Map FAQ in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Spelling Checker Daily Almanac for Nov 14, 2010 Search White Pages Skip Navigation Home American Indian Heritage Month ... games, quizzes Editor's Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Veterans Day Most Corrupt Countries in the World Infoplease's Facebook page ... DK Daily Teach Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Share World Countries ... Ecuador Ecuador Next Map of Ecuador President: Rafael Correa (2007) Land area: 106,888 sq mi (276,840 sq km); total area: 109, 483 sq mi (283,560 sq km) Population (2010 est.): 14,790,608 (growth rate: 1.4%); birth rate: 20.3/1000; infant mortality rate: 20.2/1000; life expectancy: 75.5; density per sq km: 50 Capital (2003 est.): Quito 1,780,700 (metro. area), 1,443,900 (city proper) Largest cities: Guayaquil, 2,597,600 (metro. area), 2,013,500 (city proper); Cuenca, 285,700 Monetary unit: U.S. dollar Index Ecuador Main Page The Arrival of El Nino Ushers in a Period of Economic Instability President Rafael Correa Wins New Constitution and Seeks to Establish Internal Stability Geography Government Republic.

10. Ecuador: History, Geography, Government, And Culture — FactMonster.com Information on Ecuador — geography, history, politics, government, economy, population statistics, culture, religion, languages, largest cities, as well as a map and the http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0107479.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Math Flashcards Geography Guide Seven New Wonders of the World ... The Fifty States Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Countries Travel to Ecuador — Unbiased reviews and great deals from TripAdvisor Ecuador Map of Ecuador Republic of Ecuador President: Rafael Correa (2007) Land area: 106,888 sq mi (276,840 sq km); total area: 109, 483 sq mi (283,560 sq km) Population (2010 est.): 14,790,608 (growth rate: 1.4%); birth rate: 20.3/1000; infant mortality rate: 20.2/1000; life expectancy: 75.5; density per sq km: 50 Capital (2003 est.): Quito 1,780,700 (metro. area), 1,443,900 (city proper) Largest cities: Guayaquil, 2,597,600 (metro. area), 2,013,500 (city proper); Cuenca, 285,700 Monetary unit: U.S. dollar National name: Repºblica del Ecuador Current government officials Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages Ethnicity/race: mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3%

11. Ecuador History Ecuador's tumultuous history is, in many ways, cyclical. The country continually struggles against deeprooted social, political-economic, and geographical http://www.ecuadorexplorer.com/html/history.html

HOTELS DESTINATIONS INFORMATION MAP OF ECUADOR Ecuador Information ::Flights to Ecuador from USD $334 Ecuador Country Info: About Ecuador Ecuador Map Center Ecuador Weather Center Ecuador Culture ... Ecuador News Before You Go to Ecuador: Overview Airlines Ecuador Flights Immunizations ... Ecuador Travel Advisories While in Ecuador: Overview Getting Around Communications Money Matters ... About Ecuador A History of Ecuador Related Pages Pre-Colombian History Inca Expansion and the Conquista Spanish Colonial Rule Ecuadorian Independence from Spain ... History of Ecuador by VIVA Ecuador's tumultuous history is, in many ways, cyclical. The country continually struggles against deep-rooted social, political-economic , and geographical challenges. The same factors that determined Ecuador's history during the last two centuries continue to dominate its landscape at the beginning of the twenty-first century. During Ecuador's Pre-Colombian Period, a variety of indigenous groups coexisted for thousands of years before being subjugated, first by the Inca and then by Spanish conquistadors . Although both conquests were brutal invasions, inhabitants suffered far more under Spain than under the Inca.

12. Ecuador: History — FactMonster.com Encyclopedia — Ecuador History Through the Nineteenth Century. Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, Ecuador was controlled by the Inca empire. Francisco Pizarro's http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0857894.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Math Flashcards Geography Guide Seven New Wonders of the World ... The Fifty States Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... FunBrain Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Ecuador (South America) Encyclopedia Ecuador History Through the Nineteenth Century Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, Ecuador was controlled by the Inca empire. Francisco Pizarro's subordinate, , entered the area in 1533. Not finding the wealth of the mythical El Dorado, he and other conquistadors, notably Gonzalo Pizarro and Orellana , moved restlessly on and the region became a colonial backwater. Given an audiencia in 1563 and established politically as the presidency of Quito, it was at various times subject to Peru and to New Granada Sucre in the battle of Pichincha to Greater Colombia. Flores that year. Boundary disputes led to frequent invasions by Peruvians in the 19th and 20th cent. The entire eastern frontier, known as Oriente, was in dispute. (In 1942, Ecuador signed a treaty ceding a large area to Peru, but in 1960 it renounced the treaty.) Bitter internecine struggles between Conservatives and Liberals marked the political history of Ecuador in the 19th cent. The Conservatives, led by Flores and

13. Historia De Ecuador History Ecuador Flag History Musica Ecuatoriana Ecuador history in english and spansih. Ecuador History Ecuador's culture and history mirrors the diversity of its landscape. http://www.ecuador.us/history.htm

14. Ecuador History Ecuador history includs PreInca, Inca, Spanish Conquista, Independence, Republic and Contemporary periods. http://www.septimoparaiso.com/en/ecuador/history.html

15. Ecuador History Ecuador's history including Independence, Republic and Contemporary periods. http://www.thebestofecuador.com/history.htm

About Ecuador Ecuador Regions Ecuador Travel Tips Ecuador best links Ecuador HIGHLIGHTS ECUADOR INDEX Ecuador Hotels Ecuador Business Ecuador Shopping Ecuador Travel ... Home Page Ecuador Hot Links ECUADOR SERVICES FREE Spanish Lessons! Are you planning to visit Ecuador?. Learn Spanish NOW, through our Interactive Spanish Learning Lessons... Don't miss it, it's FREE! Send Flowers to your beloved in Ecuador! Now, through our extensive florist Network in Ecuador, you can send flowers for any occasion anywhere in Ecuador. Ecuador online CLASSIFIEDS Classified Ads reach thousands of daily users over the Internet. Find new business opportunities worldwide... Ecuador Properties "Real Estate" The best of Ecuador.com invites you to browse through our property listings. Find your dream house, land, apartment, etc. in Ecuador... ... Contemporary The Incas had the monopoly of control from 1450 to the first quarter of the 16th Century stewarded by Huayna Capac until his death in 1526 when he left the empire to two sons. He divided the empire into two main areas of control. One son, Huascar was given Cuzco while the other Atahualpa ruled Quito. The division however for the first time in Inca history weakened their infrastructure and imperial stronghold causing them to go to war with one another which also contributed to their downfall against the Spanish invasion.

16. Ecuador Culture | Ecuador History Complete, objective information on Ecuador travel, including photos and reviews. Add your own wikistyle contributions. http://www.world66.com/southamerica/ecuador/history

W66 Home Destinations About My World66 ... [Add Section] History in Ecuador Edit This Advanced indigenous cultures flourished in Ecuador long before the area was conquered by the Inca empire in the 15th century. In 1534 the Spanish arrived and defeated the Inca armies and Spanish colonists became the new elite. The indigenous population was decimated by disease in the first decades of Spanish rulea time when the natives were also forced into the "encomienda" labor system for Spanish landlords. In 1563 Quito became the seat of a royal audiencia (administrative district) of Spain. After independence forces defeated the royalist army in 1822 Ecuador joined Simon Bolivar's Republic of Gran Colombia only to become a separate republic in 1830. The 19th century was marked by instability with a rapid succession of rulers. The conservative Gabriel Garcia Moreno unified the country in the 1860s with the support of the Catholic Church. In the late 1800s world demand for cocoa tied the economy to commodity exports and led to migrations from the highlands to the agricultural frontier on the coast. A coastal-based liberal revolution in 1895 under Eloy Alfaro reduced the power of the clergy and opened the way for capitalist development. The end of the cocoa boom produced renewed political instability and a military coup in 1925. The 1930s and 1940s were marked by populist politicians such as five-time president Jose Velasco Ibarra. In January 1942 Ecuador signed the Rio Protocol to end a brief war with Peru the year before; Ecuador agreed to a border that conceded to Peru much territory Ecuador previously had claimed in the Amazon. After World War II a recovery in the market for agricultural commodities and the growth of the banana industry helped restore prosperity and political peace. From 1948-60 three presidentsbeginning with Galo Plazawere freely elected and completed their terms.

17. Ecuador History Ecuador, A Complete History Of Ecuador A Complete History of Ecuador Ecuador offers little archeological evidence of its preHispanic civilizations. Nonetheless, its most ancient artifacts remnants of the Valdivia http://www.ecuaworld.com/history_of_ecuador.htm

cddcodebase = "./menus/";cddcodebase734405 = "./menus/"; A Complete History of Ecuador You are at: ecuaworld.com / Information Center / Liste su Sitio dentro de Ecuaworld.com ¡GRATIS! Home Search Forums Boards Chat Wallpapers E-Cards Call Center Info Center Essential Tools Things to do Local Info Gringo Trail Galapagos Community Contact us A Complete History of Ecuador: Ecuador offers little archeological evidence of its preHispanic civilizations. Nonetheless, its most ancient artifacts remnants of the Valdivia culture found along the coast north of the modern city of Santa Elena in Guayas Provincedate from as early as 3500 B.C.. Other major coastal archaeological sites are found in the provinces of Manabí and Esmeraldas; major sites in the Sierra are found in Carchi and Imbabura provinces in the north, Tungurahua and Chimborazo provinces in the middle of the Andean highlands, and Cañar, Azuay, and Loja provinces in the south. Nearly all of these sites are dated in the last 2,000 years. Large parts of Ecuador, including almost all of the Oriente, however, remain unknown territory to archaeologists. The first European to set foot on the territory of modern-day Ecuador was probably Bartolomé Ruiz de Estrada, the pilot for Pizarro on his second voyage, who pushed southward while Pizarro explored the Colombian coast and Almargo returned to Panama for supplies. Pizarro himself landed on the Ecuadorian coast later during his exploratory voyage and traveled as far as Tumbes in the extreme north of present-day Peru, in defiance of official orders to return to Panama.

18. Ecuador History Ecuador History Please submit information or links explaining Ecuador History http://www.hobotraveler.com/hi2ecuadorhistory.php

19. Ecuador History Ecuador, A Brief History Of Ecuador Independence of Ecuador was finally achieved by Simon Bolivar on May 24, 1822, but the independence forces were lead by Antonio Jos de Sucre. http://www.ecuaworld.com/discover/historia.htm

cddcodebase = "../menus/";cddcodebase734405 = "../menus/"; Independence was finally achieved by Simon Bolivar on May 24, 1822, but the independence forces were lead by Antonio José de Sucre. You are at: ecuaworld.com / Information Center / Home Search Forums Boards Chat Wallpapers E-Cards Call Center Info Center Essential Tools Things to do Local Info Gringo Trail Galapagos Community Contact us Brief history of Ecuador: The history of pre-Inca Ecuador is diverse, advanced indigenous cultures such as the Chorrera, Jama Coaque, Bahia, Tolita, Machalilla and Valdivia ( the oldest known culture in the Americas ), flourished between 12,000 B.C. to 1,500 A.D. in the territory that today is Ecuador. It is generally believed that Asian nomads reached the South American continent by about 12,000 BC, and were later joined by Polynesian colonisers. Centuries of tribal expansion, warfare and alliances resulted in the relatively stable Duchicela lineage, which ruled more or less peacefully for about 150 years until the arrival of the Incas around 1450. Despite fierce opposition, the conquering Incas soon held the region, helped by strong leadership and polices of intermarriage. By the early 1500s, the Inca Leader Huayna Capac had consolidated his conquest of the territory that included Ecuador. War over the inheritance of the new Inca kingdom weakened and divided the region on the eve of the arrival of the Spanish invaders.

20. Spanish School Quito Ecuador -Ecuador History Cultures of the Coast The oldest Ecuadorian cultures are located on the coast. Many of these have already disappeared, and the ones that still exist live in a constant http://www.ecuadorspanish.com/school_con/ecuador.php?variable=his

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