1. Bookfinder.US: Lebanon History Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon Samir Khalaf 0231124767 Mar 2002 Hardcover Review Khalaf has arguably contributed more fine studies on the history and sociology of modern http://www.bookfinder.us/History/Middle_East_History/Lebanon_History.html

History Middle East History Lebanon History Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon Samir Khalaf Mar 2002 Hardcover Review "Khalaf has arguably contributed more fine studies on the history and sociology of modern Lebanon than has any other scholar alive." Foreign Affairs "Eminently readable, with an insider feel for detail and complexity." International Affairs " Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon makes a major contribution to the study of democratic theory." Bill S. Mikhail, Middle East Policy "A book which offers a sustained and original reflection upon the character and dynamics of internal conflict in Lebanon." Oxfam Developemental Resources Review "Khalaf succeeds in crafting a narrative that is engaging, scholarlyand, perhaps most refreshinghopeful" Akram Fouad Khater, International Journal of Middle East Studies "A fascinating history of conflict in Lebanon since the early nineteenth century." ... Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Etienne Sakr (Abu-Arz) Mordechai Nisan April 2003 Paperback Book Description This work is a combination of an account of a most captivating Lebanese personality with a penetrating analysis of the historical and religious contours of Lebanon. His life is part of the national epic with elements of Christian faith and Maronite sophistication, inter-confessional modes of partnership, and violence tearing apart the fabric of social and economic life. Integral to the narrative and incisively unconventional interpretation is the complex politics of Lebanon intermixed with the war that errupted in 1975.

2. Lebanon History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, C Lebanon History Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System http://workmall.com/wfb2001/lebanon/lebanon_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... Feedback Lebanon History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/lebanon/lebanon_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting ANCIENT TIMES The Phoenicians ... The Sarkis Administration, 1976-82 NOTE: The information regarding Lebanon on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Lebanon History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Lebanon History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - http://workmall.com/wfb2001/lebanon/lebanon_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

3. Flickr: Lebanon History Beirut Downtown 3 HDR, Moffett house, Lebanon vicinity, Lebanon Green published in the early 1970s, Lebanon fire house, Learned Hebard House, Lebanon., John King family http://www.dipity.com/tickr/Flickr_lebanon_history

4. History Of Lebanon Lebanon is located on the East coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon enjoyed prosperity, a free economy and the title of \ http://www.world313.com/lebanon_history.html

5. History Of Lebanon - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The coastal plain of Lebanon is the historic home of a string of coastal trading cities of Semitic culture, which the Greeks termed Phoenicia, whose maritime culture flourished http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lebanon

History of Lebanon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Contents Phoenicia Arab rule and the Middle Ages Ottoman rule The Maans, 1120-1697 ... edit Phoenicia Main Article Phoenicia Map of Phoenicia. The coastal plain of Lebanon is the historic home of a string of coastal trading cities of Semitic culture, which the Greeks termed Phoenicia , whose maritime culture flourished there for more than 2,000 years. Ancient ruins in Byblos , Berytus ( Beirut Sidon Sarepta Sarafand ), and Tyre show a civilized nation, with urban centres and sophisticated arts. Present-day Lebanon was a cosmopolitan centre for many nations and cultures. Its people roamed the Mediterranean seas, skilled in trade and in art, and founded trading colonies. They were also the creators of the oldest known 24-letter alphabet , a shortening of earlier 30-letter alphabets such as Proto-Sinaitic and Ugaritic The ancient Lebanese set for sail and colonized overseas. Their most famous colonies were Cadiz in today’s Spain and Carthage in today’s Tunisia Phoenicia maintained an uneasy tributary relationship with the neo- Assyrian and neo- Babylonian empires; it was conquered outright by the

6. Zabbougha Culture | Lebanon History Complete, objective information on Lebanon travel, including photos and reviews. Add your own wikistyle contributions. http://www.world66.com/asia/middleeast/lebanon/history

W66 Home Destinations About My World66 ... [Add Section] History in Lebanon Edit This Like other areas of the Middle East, Lebanon has a heritage almost as old as the earliest evidence of mankind. Its geographic position as a crossroads linking the Mediterranean Basin with the great Asian hinterland has conferred on it a cosmopolitan character and a multicultural legacy. At different periods of its history Lebanon has come under the domination of foreign rulers including Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans and French. Although often conquered the Lebanese take pride in their rebellions against despotic and repressive rulers. Moreover despite foreign domination Lebanon's mountainous terrain has provided it with a certain protective isolation enabling it to survive with an identity all its own. Its proximity to the sea has ensured that throughout its history Lebanon has held an important position as a trading center. This tradition of commerce began with the Phoenicians and continued through many centuries remaining almost unaffected by foreign rule and the worst periods of internal strife. Lebanon has a mix of Arab and Mediterranean cultures colored by Western influences, especially French. Although Lebanon traditionally considered itself the only Christian country in the Arab world by the 1970s the Muslim population was slightly greater than that of the Christians a situation that led to sectarian unrest and struggles for political and economic power.

7. LEBANESE DENTAL ASSOCIATION Professional association of dentists in Lebanon. History of the LDA, presidents, Council, committees, guide to practicing of dentistry in Lebanon, conferences, publications. Listings of dentists. http://www.lda.org.lb/

more... General Assambly 2010 more... The Saudi Dental Society 22th International Dental meeting January 24-26, 2011 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia more... Lebanese Society of Prosthodontics First Scientific Day November 13, 2010 more... ADF ADF Association Dentaire Francaise Congres 2010 more... Bad Breath Many people worry about bad breath, either their own or someone else’s more... Swollen Gums Change of gums from a thin, well-adapted, continuous covering around the teeth to a thick swollen red mass, may not only appear unsightly, but also acts as a platform for further destruction of healthy teeth and supporting bone. more... Braces The word 'braces' brings to mind a 'pimply teenager' with a mouthful of wires. This need not be the case though, for increasingly beauty or personality conscious people are going in for braces. This treatment is technically referred to us orthodontic treatment.However some doubts persist as to whether all the pain in the mouth as well as to the purse is really worth it... more...

8. Lebanon: History, Geography, Government, And Culture — Infoplease.com Learn about the history, geography and culture of Lebanon and find statistical and demographic information. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107710.html

Site Map FAQ in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Spelling Checker Daily Almanac for Nov 14, 2010 Search White Pages Skip Navigation Home American Indian Heritage Month ... games, quizzes Editor's Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Veterans Day Most Corrupt Countries in the World Infoplease's Facebook page ... DK Daily Teach Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Share World Countries ... Lebanon Lebanon Next Map of Lebanon President: Michel Suleiman (2008) Prime Minister: Fouad Siniora (2005) Land area: 3,950 sq mi (10,230 sq km); total area: 4,015 sq mi (10,400 sq km) Population (2010 est.): 4,125,247 (growth rate: 0.6%); birth rate: 15.1/1000; infant mortality rate: 16.4/1000; life expectancy: 74.8; density per sq km: 388 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Beirut, 1,916,100 (metro. area), 1,171,000 (city proper) Other large cities: Tripoli, 212,900; Sidon, 149,000 Monetary unit: Lebanese pound Index Lebanon Main Page Warring Factions Within Lebanon and Regional Conflicts Make Peace Impossible Continuing Conflict with Israel Leads to the Formation of Hezbollah Israeli Attacks and Syrian Meddling Continue Syrian Occupation Ends, but Syrian Influence Continues ... Pro-Western Coalition Maintains Its Majority in Parliament Geography Lebanon lies at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, north of Israel and west of Syria. It is four-fifths the size of Connecticut. The Lebanon Mountains, which run parallel to the western coast, cover most of the country, while on the eastern border is the Anti-Lebanon range. Between the two lies the Bekaa Valley, the principal agricultural area.

9. Lebanon History Russo japanese War, Theodore Roosevelt, New York subway, Norway, Tangiers Crisis, theory of Relativity http://navyhistory.com/nationbynation/Lebanon/History1.html

10. Lebanon - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon

Lebanon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article is about the country. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see Lebanon (disambiguation) and Liban (disambiguation) Republic of Lebanon (Arabic) al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah République libanaise (French) Flag Coat of arms Anthem Lebanese National Anthem Location of Lebanon Capital (and largest city) Beirut 33°54′N ... French (conditional) infobox 1 Spoken languages Arabic French ... Armenian , 1% other Demonym Lebanese Government Confessionalist ... Independence Declared Recognized Area total Population Density 404/km GDP PPP Total Per capita GDP (nominal) Total Per capita Currency Lebanese pound LBP ... Drives on the right LB Internet TLD .lb Calling code Article 11 of the Constitution of Lebanon states that "Arabic is the official national language. A law shall determine the cases in which the French language is to be used." The Lebanese are ethnically a mixture of Phoenician, Greek, Armenian, and Arab elements. Some Christian Lebanese do not identify as Arab, and prefer to be called Phoenician. Lebanon (pronounced /ˈlɛbənɒn/ listen or /ˈlɛbənən/ Arabic Lubnān French Liban ), officially the

11. Lebanon - History Background, Constitutional Legal Foundations, Educational Syst Lebanon History Background, Constitutional Legal Foundations, Educational System—overview, Preprimary Primary Education, Secondary Education http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/835/Lebanon.html

12. Lebanon / History - LookLex Encyclopaedia Timeline on Lebanon's history leading up to our times. Article in the LookLex / Encyclopaedia http://looklex.com/e.o/lebanon.history.htm onclick=sa_mpTC(event, this); return

13. Video – Myspace Video History of Lebanon. Lebanon History by unknown luv. Watch it on MySpace Videos. http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=4686927

14. History Of Lebanon Timeline Lebanon. A chronology of key historical events. 1920 1 September After the League of Nations grants the mandate for Lebanon and Syria to France, the State of Greater http://www.lebanonembassyus.org/Kids/History.htm

Back to Embassy of Lebanon Lebanon Home Page History Facts History Timeline: Lebanon A chronology of key historical events 1 September - After the League of Nations grants the mandate for Lebanon and Syria to France , the State of Greater Lebanon is proclaimed. It includes the former autonomous province of Mount Lebanon , plus the provinces of north Lebanon , south Lebanon and the Biqa , historically part of Syria 23 May - The Lebanese Representative Council approves a Constitution and the Lebanese Republic is declared. Lebanon comes under the control of the Vichy French government. - After Lebanon is occupied by Free French and British troops in June 1941, independence is declared on 26 November. March - The foundations of the state are set out in an unwritten National Covenant which states that Lebanon is an independent Arab country with ties to the West but which cooperates with other Arab states while remaining neutral. The 1932 census which had shown that Christians were 54% of the population is used as the basis for the distribution of seats in the Chamber of Deputies (later to be called the National Assembly) on a ratio of 6 to 5 (later extended to other public offices). The President is to be a Maronite Christian, the Prime Minister a Sunni Muslim, and the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies a

15. Lebanon: History - TripAdvisor Inside Lebanon History Before you visit Lebanon, visit TripAdvisor for the latest info and advice, written for travelers by travelers. http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g294004-s203/Lebanon:History.html

16. Lebanon - History Lebanon History. Ancient Lebanon. The area now known as Lebanon first appeared in recorded history around 3000 B.C. as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/lebanon/history.htm

Education Jobs Travel White Papers ... Public Eye Get the day's top stories every morning in your inbox from our newsletter. EMAIL (required) Military Overiew History of Lebanon Religious Sects Climate ... Civil War Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list Enter Your Email Address Lebanon - History Ancient Lebanon The area now known as Lebanon first appeared in recorded history around 3000 B.C. as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland. It was inhabited by the Canaanites, a Semitic people, whom the Greeks called "Phoenicians" because of the purple (phoinikies) dye they sold. These early inhabitants referred to themselves as "men of Sidon" or the like, according to their city of origin, and called the country "Lebanon." Because of the nature of the country and its location, the Phoenicians turned to the sea, where they engaged in trade and navigation. Each of the coastal cities was an independent kingdom noted for the special activities of its inhabitants. Tyre and Sidon were important maritime and trade centers; Gubla (later known as Byblos and now as Jubayl) and Berytus (present-day Beirut) were trade and religious centers. Gubla was the first Phoenician city to trade actively with Egypt and the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom (2686-2181 B.C.), exporting cedar, olive oil, and wine, while importing gold and other products from the Nile Valley. Before the end of the seventeenth century B.C., Lebanese-Egyptian relations were interrupted when the Hyksos, a nomadic Semitic people, conquered Egypt. After about three decades of Hyksos rule (1600-1570 B.C.), Ahmose I (1570-45 B.C.), a Theban prince, launched the Egyptian liberation war. Opposition to the Hyksos increased, reaching a peak during the reign of the pharaoh Thutmose III (1490-36 B.C.), who invaded Syria, put an end to Hyksos domination, and incorporated Lebanon into the Egyptian Empire.

17. Lebanon History - Ask.com Top questions and answers about LebanonHistory. Find 32 questions and answers about Lebanon-History at Ask.com Read more. http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Lebanon-History

18. Profile Of Lebanon: History History. Lebanon has a heritage almost as old as the earliest evidence of mankind. Its geographic position as a crossroads linking the Mediterranean Basin with the great Asian http://www.lebanonembassyus.org/country_lebanon/history.html

Table of Contents Overview The National Anthem Statistical Data The Economy ... Kids Only History Lebanon has a heritage almost as old as the earliest evidence of mankind. Its geographic position as a crossroads linking the Mediterranean Basin with the great Asian hinterland has conferred on it a cosmopolitan character and a multicultural legacy. Lebanon has an Arab culture colored by Western influences. At different periods of its history, Lebanon has come under the domination of foreign rulers, including Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Ottomans. Although often conquered, the Lebanese take pride in their rebellions against despotic and repressive rulers. Moreover, despite foreign domination, Lebanon's mountainous terrain has provided it with a certain protective isolation, enabling it to survive with an identity all its own. Its proximity to the sea has ensured that throughout its history Lebanon has held an important position as a trading center. This tradition of commerce began with the Phoenicians and continued through many centuries, remaining almost unaffected by foreign rule and the worst periods of internal strife. The many civilizations have left their traces and markings in numerous cities: Aanjar Baalbek Beirut Beiteddine ... Zahle Aanjar Baalbek The Baalbeck temples were officially closed in 313 A.D., when Byzantine Emperor Constantine officially closed them. Since then these monuments have gone through many transformations, falling under Arab domination, and the Omayyad, Abbasid, Toulounid, Fatimid and Ayyoubid dynasties. It was sacked by the Mongols in 1260, but later has enjoyed a period of calm and prosperity.

19. Major Events In Syria-Lebanon History - USATODAY.com 1920 France, the colonial power in Syria and Lebanon, declares a Lebanese state with its current borders, adding to it regions that were part of the Ottoman province of Syria. http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-08-24-1607117170_x.htm

20. Lebanon History See also A Lebanon Timeline A Brief History of Lebanon Excerpts from the 1993 Master Plan Much of Lebanon has a natural definition consisting of two distinct northern New http://www.lebanonnhhistory.org/lebanon-history

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