41. Lichens | Natural History Museum The Natural History Museum description of lichens Golden Shields, Xanthoria parietinar. Very common on rocks, walls and trees, often growing beneath bird perches. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/lichens/index.html

@import url("/styles/nhm-page.css"); @import url("/styles/content.css"); @import url("/styles/utilities.css"); @import url("/styles/generic/layout/columns-single.css"); @import url("/styles/tabs.css"); @import url("/styles/nature-online/section.css"); @import url("/styles/slideshow.css"); //ssLoop = true; //ssRunning = true; ssInterval = 3000; Skip to page content Research and curation Business centre About us Search Home Visit us Nature online Kids only ... Tring You are here: Home Nature online Life Plants and fungi Primary navigation Life Mammals Birds Reptiles, amphibians and fishes ... Human origins Lichens Golden Shields, Xanthoria parietinar . Very common on rocks, walls and trees, often growing beneath bird perches.  One of the most common lichens today in our towns and cities, including London. Lichens are such a familiar part of our landscape that often we don't even notice them. But lichens deserve attention. These mysterious organisms are biologically fascinating and come in a dazzling array of colours and sizes. Lichens also provide vital information about the health of our environment. Introduction to lichens What is a lichen?

42. What Are Lichens? What are lichens? An astonishing partnership between two very different organisms; Colonies which may be 9,000 years old; Colourful dyes for clothes http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/fungi/lichens.htm

Promoting the British Countryside Home About us Conservation Education ... Sponsors Lichens Lichens are an extremely successful partnership between a fungus and an alga. What are Lichens? An astonishing partnership between two very different organisms Colonies which may be 9,000 years old Colourful dyes for clothes Packing for ancient Egyptian mummies! Pollution indicators High mountain dwellers and Arctic survivors Lichens present a very intriguing problem for people whose job is to name different kinds of organisms. This is because a lichen is not a separate organism in the sense of being one type of individual. It is actually a close partnership between a fungus and an alga. (Algae are very simple plants). The two types of organisms in the partnership are so closely interwoven that they appear as a single individual. This individual looks entirely different to either of the partner organisms making up the structure. Lichens are distinctive and they form many different, recognizable types. Many of these have been given specific names of their own, despite the fact that each lichen is already a mixture of different species. There are more than 1,700 species of lichen in Britain. Approximately 18,000 species of lichen have been described and identified worldwide. The algal partners in lichens can be found living on their own in nature, as free-living species in their own right. The fungal partners in British lichens are recognizable

43. Looking For Lichens / Korstmos Weblog with photos and descriptions. http://zeepoeder.blogspot.com/

Looking for Lichens / Korstmos After overlooking them for half a century, I started noticing lichens and they amaze me by their timid splendor. Fungus and algae symbiotically creating wild variations of appearance and color, hues and textures, settling unobtrusively on places that seem hard to survive on. I bought a Dutch field guide for lichens. My plan is to take pictures, post them here and work with the guide to collect names and infomation about the finds. Friday, May 21, 2010 An Introduction to lichens Glad I can post something new to this blog again! An Introduction to Lichens Thanks to Arron Brown who sent me this link. Enjoy! Posted by Frans at 10:09 PM 0 comments Saturday, April 11, 2009 That in Aleppo Once Rereading "Spring in Fialta" by Vladimir Nabokov, I enjoy the short stories that I read at least once before, since I started reading Nabokov in 1975. The copy of the paperback that I'm reading is from 1951, it cost 35 cents at the time and every page that I turn breaks off. So I am also the last person to read this particular copy, reading it is destroying it. In the story that I just finished, "That in Aleppo Once", I come across a reference to lichens. The lichen in the story is as unobtrusive as they are in real life, very easy to miss if you are not looking:

44. Intro To Lichens An introduction to lichens. Lichen biology, ecology and reproduction. Photos of interesting lichens in the Inland Northwest including Idaho, Oregon and Washington State. http://www.cwnp.org/lichen.html

Lichens What are Lichens? They aren't animals, they aren't plants, they aren't moss and they aren't mushrooms- so what are they? "Fungi that have discovered agriculture!"- Trevor Goward Lichens are a combination of two organisms, fungi and photosynthetic symbionts (algae or cyanobacteria), that work together. The cells of the cyanobacteria or green algae are surrounded by fungal filaments; these filaments comprise the majority of the mass of the lichen. The photobionts produce sugars and other carbohydrates for the fungi, while the fungi helps to keep the photobiont moist while shielding it from too much light. Lichens are part of the cryptobiotic crusts in arid regions, helping to stabilize the soil. They also promote the production of new soils in arid regions by colonizing bare rock and other harsh habitats, and by adding organic materials to the soil. Lichens are extreme! Lichens are hardy, and can survive in extreme environmental conditions in the arctic and in hot deserts. They survive drought by completely drying out and becoming dormant. When moisture is available they can react quickly and absorb it to become pliable and photosynthetic again. You say you have a lichen up your nose?

45. Lichens Definition Of Lichens In The Free Online Encyclopedia. lichens. Symbiotic associations of fungi (mycobionts) and photosynthetic partners (photobionts). These associations always result in a distinct morphological body termed a http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Lichens

46. BGBM: Lichens, Keys Provides links to keys providing details of the lichens that can be found in many countries throughout the world. http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/sipman/keys/

Lichen determination keys available on INTERNET A. "Traditional", articulated keys, taxonomical geographical arrangement ( B. Interactive keys ) These keys can be downloaded and used with an internet browser to keep the link functions, or (many of them) printed and used like a traditional, printed key. Several keys are presented with the internet adaptation developed by Tom Hollowell (Smithsonian Institution, Washington), whose cooperation is gratefully acknowledged. For further lichenological web publications see Zschackia Keys to the lichen genera of the Neotropics Key to the lichen genera of the Guianas (tropical South America) Key to the foliicolous lichen genera of the World Key to the podetiate and pseudopodetiate lichens of highland Ecuador (genera Baeomyces Cladia Cladina Cladonia Dibaeis and Phyllobaeis Key to lime-loving ( calciphilous ) lichens in eastern North America Synoptic key for some common NorthWestern USA lichens Illustrated key to British twig-inhabiting lichens Terricolous lichens of Italy (pdf-file) Cladoniaceae of Chile Lichen genera of Iran Common Malesian Lichen genera Key to the foliicolous species of the genus Arthonia Key to Bacidia Bacidina and Fellhanera of the Ozarks , USA (with descriptions, illustrations) Key to the tropical species of Buellia s.l. with 2-celled spores

47. Lichens: Interesting Thing Of The Day What do fungi, algae, and Peter Rabbit have in common? They were all drawn by Beatrix Potter, who was the first to suggest that lichens may actually be a symbiosis of fungi and http://itotd.com/articles/637/lichens/

48. Cladonia Rangifera, One Of The Reindeer Lichen, Tom Volk's Fungus Of The Month F Article by Tom Volk on this lichen, often known as Reindeer Moss, and on lichens in general. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/dec2000.html

Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for December 2000 This month's fungus is Cladonia rangifera , one of the reindeer lichens. For the rest of my pages on fungi, please click TomVolkFungi.net Also be sure to look at some seasonal Christmas Fungi check out my popular updated page: Fungi that are necessary for a merry Christmas It's December and that means it's cold up here in the north. There aren't many fungi around to choose for fungus of the month. But this month's fungus was so easy to come up with it's a wonder I didn't pick it previously. Santa's reindeer have to eat something An important phenomenon here in the north is that many plants die back, and many perennial plants lose at least their leaves. This is important in terms of ecology, since herbivorous animals are left with far fewer meal choices. In Wisconsin the animals are forced to start eating small twigs- and apparently any plant they can find in my yard... In the FAR north, where they're aren't any trees (i.e. past the tree line), animals have to find something else to eat, and for much of the year the reindeer (called caribou in North America) subsist on the carpets of reindeer lichens that cover the ground in the tundra. According to what I've read, the reindeer still have to dig down under the snow to eat these lichens. Often there are significant battles over the use of a particular bed of lichens (the origin of the term "reindeer games" ?). Reindeer may also get frisky from eating hallucinogenic

49. Error Page Not Found NPLichen Report This report describes the history of the development of NPLichen, a database of lichens of the U. S. National Parks, followed by a description of the steps http://www.nbii.gov/portal/community/Communities/Plants,_Animals_&_Other_Org

The page you are looking for has been moved or no longer exists. Please go to the NBII Home Page to find its new location.

50. The British Lichen Society Advance interest in all branches of lichenology. Includes comprehensive information on British lichens. http://www.thebls.org.uk/

The Society British Lichens Identification Publications ... Site Map Your Location: Homepage New Recording Spreadsheet (V.54) - follow link Taxonomy News Extracts: SoB Autumn 2010 - follow link (includes reminder for SOB Awards and Photo Competition deadlines! Microscope offer: 30% off new microscopes for BLS Members - follow link New BLS Flora - get your order form here Website updates Updated 05/10/2010 - contact Dr Jacqui Middleton re: ammendments. Next BLS Meeting: - Carmarthen 7 - 11 October 2010 See Meetings Page for details of this and other events. BLS Travel Fund to IMC9 - see Funds and Grants page for this and other BLS funds. The Society was formed in 1958 to stimulate and advance interest in all branches of lichenology. The first society in the world entirely devoted to the study of lichens, it has many overseas as well as British members. Pictures above: (Left) Usnea spp ; (Right) Flavoparmelia caperata on Bench. These lichens are bioindicators of air pollution - part of the OPAL project developed in partnership with the BLS .

51. Paghat's Garden: Epiphytic Macrolichen Random stuff about Paghat the Ratgirl's gardens. lichens Lichen, mistletoe, aloft In the dying croft, Leaf the winter trees. http://www.paghat.com/lichen.html

Lichens "Lichen, mistletoe, aloft In the dying croft, Leaf the winter trees." -Clark Ashton Smith A vast number of epiphytic macrolichens are common throughout Pacific Northwest forests. That they are epiphytes means these live in trees obtaining nutrients from the atmosphere rather than from soil. The first photo shows our Vine Maple Vine Maple page along the Winter Bark Garden Walk cherry tree. "Western Flame" deciduous azalea ... Chokecherry page along the Winter Bark Garden Walk. Lichens do not grow only in trees, of course. They grow on stark tundras in even the harshest of regions, such as above the Arctic circle where elk or reindeer scrape through ice to reach lichens as their primary forage. They grow on high mountains, encrusting boulders, foraged by bighorn sheep. Throughout the world they have adapted to conditions that support few if any other plants at all. Some of them are so extremely slow in their growth that a small patch on an alpine boulder could be hundreds of years old, while others, especially those in the forest canopy, are rapid in their growth. Garden Indexes: What's New Shade Perennials Ferns Sun Perennials ... Home

52. Welcome To Queensland Lichens General information on subtropical lichens from Queensland, Australia. Includes keys to genera and species, and glossary. http://members.westnet.com.au/roderickrogers/index.htm

Queensland Lichens Queensland Lichens Lichens of Subtropical Queensland Subtropical Queensland has a rich and diverse lichen flora covering the range from rainforest through eucalypt woodlands to arid grasslands. Each environment has its characteristic suite of lichens, offering the naturalist great opportunity for study. The keys benefit from information in the Flora of Australia series, but are not extracts from the Flora. The keys include species not reported in the Flora and some keys are to genera not yet covered in the flora project. The task of completing the survey of lichens in subtropical Queensland is far from complete. We need many more collections from almost all areas. There will be many new records to be discovered, new species to describe and existing species names to move into synonymy as we understand variation within species better. These keys are preliminary, and comments would be welcome. I would like to know what has worked, what has been difficult and what is simply defective. Roderick W. Rogers

53. Front Porch Productions | Lichens Spontaneous improvisational composition by form and function is the basis for lichens. Injecting evolution and natural process into the art form is key. http://frontporchproductions.org/artist/lichens

Badgerlore Ben Frost Ben Vida / Bird Show Charalambides ... availabilities Lichens Spontaneous improvisational composition by form and function is the basis for Lichens. Injecting evolution and natural process into the art form is key. Reflection of internalized experience illuminates symbiosis, serendipity and syncronicity ultimately opening the door. Mistakeisms prevail, time only tells and future past is the next window. Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe is Lichens. Through collaboration Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe has worked with White/Light Cloudland Canyon , Michael Zerang, Joshua Micah Abrams, Alan Licht, Hisham Bharoocha, Rose Lazar, Bird Show (Ben Vida), Doug Aitken, Butchy Fuego and Om. Selected Work: Lichens - The Psychic Nature of Being cd (Kranky) / lp (Holy Mountain) Lichens - Omns cd+dvd (Kranky) White/Lichens - s/t cd (Holy Mountain) Cloudland Canyon/Lichens - Exterminating Angel cd/lp (Holy Mountain) Lichens/Lexie Mountain - split lp (Hoss) Robert A. A. Lowe/Rose Lazar - Gyromancy book+cd (Thrill Jockey) Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe - "Ringing Worlds" (remix for Koen Holtkamp) lp (Type)

54. Lichens And Me By Katalin Molnar Personal site of Katalin Moln r with a brief description of lichens, photographs, information on the author, publications and links to sites of lichenological interest. http://katalinmolnar.com

Lichens and Me Navigation Menu About Me Publications Photo Gallery Links ... Contact Me Welcome on Lichens and Me I am interested in the ecology of lichen-forming fungi, focusing on the chemistry of lichen secondary metabolites (so-called lichen substances) and their habitat relationships. I am working with Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. originating from different environmental conditions. I use high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyse the secondary products of this toxitolerant lichen species qualitatively and quantitatively. I am also interested in the biological activities, the ecological roles, the harmful effects and the commercial uses of lichens and lichen substances, in addition, the diversity of the lichen flora in the Carpathian Basin, particularly in Hungary. I am currently working on endolichenic and endophytic fungi with an aim to amplify and sequence their three ribosomal RNA-coding genes [mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit (mitSSU), nuclear ribosomal small and large subunits (nucSSU and nucLSU)] and two protein-coding genes [RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) and RPB2 (RNA polymerase II second largest subunit)] for phylogenetic analysis. Lichens are some of the most amazing organisms on the Earth. A lichen is a stable, ecologically obligate, self-supporting mutualism between an exhabitant fungus (the mycobiont) and one or more inhabitant, extracellulary located unicellular or filamentous phototrophic partners (the photobiont: alga or cyanobacterium). There are about 18500 known species. Lichenized fungi occur in a wide range of habitats: from arctic to tropical regions, from the plains to the highest mountains, and from the aquatic to the xeric conditions. Lichens can be found on or within rocks, on soil, on tree trunks and shrubs, on the surface of living leaves and on any stationary, undisturbed man-made surfaces such as glass, metal, wooden fence, concrete, mortar, brick, plastic. They are pioneers and famous bioindicators.

55. Lichens – Free Listening, Videos, Concerts, Stats, & Pictures At Last.fm Watch videos listen free to lichens Vevor of Agassou, Faeries more, plus 18 pictures. lichens is Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe. Discover more music, concerts, videos, and http://www.last.fm/music/Lichens

Last.fm Music Radio Events ... Join English Help Come work with us! Last.fm is hiring » Deutsch Español Français Italiano Polski Português Руccкий Svenska Türkçe Artist Biography Pictures Videos ... Play Lichens Radio Lichens On Tour 82,322 plays (10,985 listeners) In your library (0 plays) Shop now at Amazon LFM.Button.pushAffiliation(44, 6, 11318388); Send Lichens Ringtones to Cell More options Download Amazon LFM.Button.pushAffiliation(44, 6, 11318388); Send Ringtones to Cell Tonefuse Search Add to my Library Lichens is Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe. Edit Play Lichens Radio Popular tags: ambient experimental drone post-rock ... See more Shouts: 140 shouts Share this artist: Send Similar Artists Barn Owl Sun Araw White Rainbow Valet Expo '70 Badgerlore Six Organs of Admittance See more Top Albums Omns Lichens Buy Download Album Amazon MP3 Search LFM.Button.pushAffiliation(44, 8, 3552572);

56. Rhode Island's Foliose And Fruticose Lichens With Emphasis On The Nature Conserv Habitat notes, distribution maps, and color photographs of over 90 species of macrolichens by Don Flenniken. http://www.rinhs.org/webpubs/lichens/

Rhode Island's Foliose and Fruticose Lichens Rhode Island's Foliose and Fruticose Lichens With Emphasis on the Nature Conservancy Preserves and Related Lands Don Flenniken Contents Publisher's intro Order on CD RINHS web pubs ... RINHS.org Flenniken, Don. 2003. Rhode Island's Foliose and Fruticose Lichens with Emphasis on the Nature Conservancy Preserves and Related Lands. Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Kingston, RI. Rhode Island Natural History Survey Science Editors Company

57. Lichens lichens create red, green, orange, brown, and even black in some of nature's most beautiful places, from deserts to oak forests to the rocky shore. http://sherrysknowledgequest.com/lichen.htm

Lichens Lichen Life Lichens live on the edge. They are not really plants, and they are not really fungi. They live hanging from the branches of trees or crusting along rocks. Yet they represent teamwork, both within the lichens themselves and in their contribution to the surrounding ecosystem. Lichens are an example of symbiosis, when two organisms come together to create a whole greater than the sum of the parts. The first organism is a fungus, and its contribution to the partnership is forming a structure. The second organism is an alga or cyanobacterium. Algae are simple plants without stems. Cyanobacteria, sometimes called blue-green algae, can produce food from sunlight. Some lichens contain both algae and cyanobacteria. The fungus is the building, and the alga is the garden. The lichen lives by collecting rainfall and other moisture from the atmosphere. The lichen takes in carbon dioxide, minerals, and water. Lichens living in coastal oak forests are able to collect ocean bubbles. Small bits of spray leap off of the ocean into the air. These bubbles contain salt and organic material. As the bubbles float through the lacy net of oak tree lichens, the lichens absorb them. Just by the way a lichen lives, it contributes benefits to the ecosystem it inhabits. A study described

58. Lichens - LoveToKnow 1911 lichens, in botany, compound or dual organisms each consisting of an association of a higher fungus, with a usually unicellular, sometimes filamentous, alga. http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Lichens

Lichens From LoveToKnow 1911 LICHENS, in botany , compound or dual organisms each consisting of an association of a higher fungus, with a usually unicellular, sometimes filamentous, alga. The fungal part of the organism nearly always consists of a number of the Discomycetes or Pyrenomycetes, while the algal portion is a member of the Schizophyceae (Cyanophyceae or Blue-green Algae) or of the Green Algae ; only in a very few cases is the fungus a member of the Basidiomycetes. The special fungi which take part in the association are, with rare exceptions, not found growing separately, while the algal forms are constantly found free. The reproductive organs of the lichen are of a typically fungal character, i.e. are apothecia or perithecia (see Fungi ) and spermogonia. The algal cells are never known to form spores while part of the lichen-thallus, but they may do so when separated from it and growing free. The fungus thus clearly takes the upper hand in the association. Owing to their peculiar dual nature, lichens are able to live in situations where neither the alga nor fungus could exist alone. The enclosed alga is protected by the threads (hyphae) of the fungus, and supplied with water and salts and, possibly, organic nitrogenous substances; in its turn the alga by means of its green or blue-green colouring matter and the sun's energy manufactures carbohydrates which are used in part by the fungus. An association of two organisms to their mutual advantage is known as symbiosis

59. Mycology - Lichens - Lichen Biology Introduction to lichens, which are stable, self-supporting associations between fungi (most commonly Ascomycota) and photobionts (algae or cyanobacteria). Intended for university students. http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/learning/resources/Mycology/Plant_Interactions/Liche

Skip Navigation Contents Plant Interactions Introduction Mycorrhizas Endophytes Introduction ... Plant Pathology Lichen Biology Introduction Lichens are stable, self-supporting associations between fungi and photobionts. The fungi are most commonly Ascomycota. A few Holobasidiomycetes may be involved in the association. The photobionts are either algae or cyanobacteria. The algae may be single celled or rarely filamentous. In most cases, neither partner is found living alone in the wild LINK . The fungus most commonly forms the majority of the biomass of the lichen. Lichens are common primary colonisers of stressful habitats. They are major structural determinants of extremely cold environments, and extremely dry climates. Thus, we commonly see lichens in the Arctic and Antarctic, and as crusts on desert soils. They are also seen as the surface layer of trees, rocks, roofing tiles and exposed surfaces in many different environments. In moist environments, the foliar forms are more obvious, being attached to limbs and either growing up or falling down from the plant. LINK Lichens are not found in heavily shaded sites because they require light to support their photosynthesis.

60. Lichens - Alachua County Extension Office – Solutions For Your Life - UF Insti lichens. By Gary H. Brinen, Extension Agent Horticulture . lichens are flaky moss-like organisms that grow on the bark and branches of our landscape trees or http://alachua.ifas.ufl.edu/lawn_and_garden/fact_sheets/lichens.shtml

@import "http://solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu/templates/css/template_print_tier2.css"; Home About Us Contact Us Links Lichens By: Gary H. Brinen, Extension Agent - Horticulture Lichens are flaky moss-like organisms that grow on the bark and branches of our landscape trees or shrubs. They do not attack and kill. They are a very natural part of landscapes and wooded areas on every continent of the world. Lichen may look like moss, but it is actually an algae and a fungus living together mutualistically, an association which is advantageous to both organisms. The bulk of a lichen is comprised of fungal hyphae called rhizoids. Rhizoids serve to attach the lichen to things like rocks, bark, branches, etc. Rhizoids also obtain minerals from rain water, plant leachates and organic debris, like bird excrement and wind blown particles. The alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus. The alga is a plant capable of manufacturing food (photosynthesis) for the fungus. The association with the alga is essential to the survival of the fungus. The fungi of lichen are only found as a component of lichens; they do not exist independently.

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