61. 50 Interesting Facts About Mars mars facts, from ancient myth and science to modern debates about life on the Red Planet. http://facts.randomhistory.com/2008/12/22_mars.html

Histories Facts About Us Commission an Article ... Venus Facts 50 Interesting Facts About . . . Mars The Egyptians gave Mars its first recorded name: Nergal f The month of March is named after Mars. a The symbol for Mars looks like a shield and a spear from the war god Mars/Ares. It is also the symbol for the male sex. a The ancient Greeks thought that Earth was the center of the universe and that Mars was one of the five traveling stars that revolved around it. f a Mars gets its red color from the iron oxide (rust) in its soil b b No human could survive the low pressure of Mars. If you went to Mars without an appropriate space suit, the oxygen in your blood would literally turn into bubbles, causing immediate death. a If you were driving 60 mph in a car, it would take 271 years and 221 days to get to Mars from Earth. a Mars lacks an ozone layer; therefore, the surface of Mars is bathed in a lethal dose of radiation every time the sun rises. e e Mars has the largest and most violent dust storms in our entire solar system. These storms often have winds topping 125 mph, can last for weeks, and can cover the entire planet. They usually occur when Mars is closest to the sun. e g e e During the Renaissance, Mars played a central role in one of the most important and fiercest intellectual battles in the history of Western civilization: whether Earth is the center of the universe. Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) coherently explained that Mars seems to move backwards across the sky because Earth overtakes Mars in its orbit around the sun.

62. Mars Exploration: Multimedia Interactive atlases and image finders provided by NASA mars Exploration Program. http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/atlas/

@import URL("../../marsMain.css"); @import URL("../../marsGallery.css"); + NASA Homepage + Mars Home Mars Atlas Latest Images ... Sand Dunes Mars Atlas Click on any feature labeled in blue for more information! Click on any image for a larger version with labels! Valles Marineris Syrtis Major Cerberus The Martian Prime Meridian Browse Image (72 kB) High Res TIFF (855 kB) Cydonia - "The Face" Browse Image (63 kB) Strange Surfaces of Hellas Planitia Browse Image (99 kB) High Res TIFF (648 kB) JPL Image Use Policy + Freedom of Information Act ... + Freedom to Manage Last Updated: + Comments and Questions

63. Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Home Opportunity's Closeup of 'Oile n Ruaidh' An iron meteorite is the latest quarry for NASA's mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Opportunity's Surroundings After Sol http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html

@import URL("../merMain.css"); @import URL("../phoenixBanner.css"); + NASA Homepage + Mars Home Time on Mars This flash is showing time on Mars: Spirit: Current Sol, Time and Sols Past "Warranty" This flash is showing time on Mars: Opportunity: Current Sol, Time and Sols Past "Warranty" Rover Status Spirit: Spirit Remains Silent at Troy Opportunity: Driving Through a Field of Small Craters NASA Trapped Mars Rover Finds Evidence of Subsurface Water Mars Rovers Mission Using Cloud Computing Latest Press Images Latest Press Release (November 02, 2010) Latest Audio Press Conference All Press Images ... Where are the Rovers now? This is an image of the meteorite that NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity found and examined in September 2010. An iron meteorite is the latest quarry for NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Opportunity's Surroundings After Sol 2363 Drive This stereo mosaic of images from the navigation camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows surroundings of the rover's location following an 81-meter (266-foot) drive. Mars Rover Opportunity Approaching Possible Meteorite A dark rock about the size of a toaster oven is visible in images NASA's Mars rover Opportunity took on Sept. 16. It may be a meteorite. The rover is going for a closer look.

64. PhSRM Detailed description of failed mars exploratory mission http://www.iki.rssi.ru/mars96/

MARS-96 ROBOTIC SPACECRAFT MISSION TO MARS: Summary Table of contents Inroduction Scientific goals Scheme of the mission Spacecraft ... Conclusion Project Summary This issue describes the MARS-96 robotic spacecraft scientific mission to Mars prepared according to the Federal Program of Space Exploration developed by the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Space Agency. The Mars 96 spacecraft was launched from Baikonur on 16 November 1996. The spacecraft was not inserted into the interplanetary trajectory to Mars due to a malfunction in the Block-D (the third stage of the rocket) and during the third revolution around the Earth the spacecraft reentered the Earth's atmosphere and fell into the Pacific Ocean. Information was provided by Space Research Institute, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytic Chemistry, Lavochkin Research Association, Keldysh Applied Mathematics Institute, Flight Control Center and the Mars-96 scientific experiment teams. Editor: Dr. A. Zakharov, Space Research Institute,

65. NSSDC Photo Gallery: Mars NSSDC Photo Gallery mars A collection of images of the planet mars and its satellites http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html

NSSDC Photo Gallery Mars Note: If you are looking for images from Mars Pathfinder, they are posted on the Mars Pathfinder mirror sites and also at NSSDC at: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/marspath_images.html Global Views Surface Features Controversial Features ... Satellites Global Views Thumbnail Image Description Caption NASA IDs Image Size Hi-Resolution TIFF? Global mosaic of Mars. Visible in the center of this mosaic is the largest known chasm in the solar system, Valles Marineris. Reproduced from Volume 14 of the Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM) CD-ROM set. Caption Global mosaic of Mars. Cerberus region. Reproduced from Volume 14 of the Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM) CD-ROM set. Caption Global mosaic of Mars. Syrtis Major region. Reproduced from Volume 14 of the Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM) CD-ROM set. Caption Global images taken by the Wide-Field Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope. The top image is the Valles Marineris region (centered on roughly 60 degrees longitude), the middle image is the Tharsis region (centered on roughly 160 degrees longitude), and the bottom image is the Syrtis Major region (centered on roughly 270 degrees longitude). These three images are individual frames from one press release photograph. Caption STScI-PRC95-17A, 95-HC-113

66. Human Exploration Of Mars Discusses some of the problems involved in sending humans to mars, and proposes solutions. http://members.cox.net/jhaldenwang/mars.htm

The Human Exploration of Mars by Jim Haldenwang written Oct. 30, 2005 revised June 2, 2008 This paper considers the problems associated with the human exploration of Mars, and also proposes solutions. First, several reasons for exploring Mars are given. Then, the problem of manned travel to Mars is taken up, with focus on the energy requirements imposed by the laws of celestial mechanics, and the limitations of present-day rocket technology. Next, two solutions are examined: chemical propulsion, facilitated by refueling on Mars, and electric propulsion. The paper concludes with a cost/benefit analysis of the human exploration of Mars. Why should humans explore Mars? One reason to explore Mars is scientific. We can increase the store of human knowledge through the exploration of Mars. Consider, for example, one very important scientific question: How did life originate on Earth? In order to shed more light on this question, scientists can ask a related question: What is the probability of life originating in a particular planetary environment? Exploring Mars will provide much data that may eventually allow scientists to reasonably estimate this probability. Granted that there are valid scientific reasons for exploring Mars, the next question is: Why use humans? Why not rely on robots, which are much cheaper and safer? The answer is that robots have limits. Consider, for example, the task of searching for Martian fossils that may be four billion years old. The oldest fossils on Earth have been found by paleontologists in remote corners of the globe, after years of pain-staking effort. Had this task been left up to robots, it is unlikely that these fossils would have been found. Even the best of robots do not come close to matching the sophistication of human beings. This sophistication has been essential for making the most profound discoveries here on Earth.

67. Visit Mars Print From Zazzle.com 24 Hour Shipping on most nonframed orders. Visit mars Print created by stevethomas. Order as shown, or change the print size, paper type, and add custom framing. http://www.zazzle.com/visit_mars_poster-228123113602030172

68. (AXCH) 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers - News, Status, Technical Info, History Clearinghouse of links for the mars Exploration Rover Mission (Spirit and Opportunity). http://axonchisel.net/etc/space/mars-exp-rover-highlights.html

(AXCH) 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers - News, Status, Technical Info, History URL: http://axonchisel.net/etc/space/mars-exp-rover-highlights.html Updated: 2004-03-03 11:30 PST 1. Welcome / Introduction TOP TOC Welcome to: the "(AXCH) 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers - News, Status, Technical Info, History" page. Here you will find: news, updated status, scientific, technical info, photos, images, video, history, general updates, and more. This page is: an excellent starting point for browsing and finding information, facts, videos, and more. About: Mars and specifically Spirit and Opportunity, NASA and JPL's 2004 Mars Exploration Rover missions. 2. Table of Contents TOP TOC Welcome / Introduction Table of Contents ... Contact Us / Feedback 3. Multimedia (Images, Videos, 3D Photos, more) TOP TOC 3a. Best From Mars (Newest First) [2004-03-02] MER Opportunity - Water, Water, Everwhere! Accumulation of a plethora of evidence reveals Mars's watery past! Mission successful. Read about it in this Press Release Browse lots of water-related graphs and images to see for yourself.

69. Myspace Myspace Music profile for mars. Download mars Gothic / Rap / Rap music singles, watch music videos, listen to free streaming mp3s, read mars's blog. http://www.myspace.com/mars

document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace(/noJS/, 'hasJS'); MySpace Myspace Beta Discover Loading... All your faves for free Free music Free games Free TV Sign up free Already a member? Login. Email Password Keep me logged in Forgot password? Login Search Home People Music Video ... Events More Right Now Celebrity Karaoke Television ... Help i Around Myspace Music Video Movies Television ... Celebrity What's Trending Justin Bieber Johnny Depp Megan Fox Lady Gaga ... American Idol Also on Myspace IM Romeo Mobile Themes ... Karaoke Press Room Advertisers Press Room Join Myspace Sign up Careers Developers Terms ... About us Get Help Safety Tips Report Abuse Sitemap Change Country: United States (English) Privacy Privacy MySpace.IsBeaconHeatMapEnabled = true;

70. Cornell Chronicle Interplanetary Sundial Heads For Mars As A Calibration Tool Story regarding the color calibration tool intended for use on the cancelled mars 2001 mission. http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/rover/Mars.sundial.lh.html

Bill Nye's 'cool' interplanetary sundial heads for Mars as a calibration tool and a magnet for schoolchildren In an earlier version of the sundial , the gnomon was gold, but the bright color interfered with callibration NASA/JPL/Cornell Click on the image for a high-resolution version (1600 x 1200 pixels, 684K) PASADENA, Calif. Leave it to Bill Nye "the Science Guy" to turn a traditional piece of calibration equipment into a really cool, state-of-the-art scientific instrument. As he was looking over the designs for instruments to be carried aboard NASA's 2001 Mars Surveyor Lander, Nye noticed that the solar-panel calibration device for the lander's Pancam panoramic camera a small aluminum square with an upright post in the center of it looked familiar. "I said, 'Hey you guys, this has got to be a sundial. It'll be great.' They said, 'Bill, this is a space program. We have a lot of clocks. Thanks for your input.' Everybody was skeptical at first but later thought it would be kind of cool," Nye recalls. The launch of the Surveyor Lander was canceled after the disappearance of the Mars Polar Lander in December 1999 following its descent into the Martian atmosphere for a landing on the planet's south polar region. But the first interplanetary sundial finally is scheduled to make it to the red planet on Jan. 3, 2004, with the landing of the first of two Mars rovers. Identical sundials, each about 3 inches square, are being carried by the two roving vehicles, Spirit and Opportunity.

71. Physical Mars mars. mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system. It is named after mars, the god of war in Roman mythology (the counterpart to Ares, the god of war in Greek http://www.crystalinks.com/mars2.html

Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system. It is named after Mars, the god of war in Roman mythology (the counterpart to Ares, the god of war in Greek mythology) because of its red color as viewed in the night sky. This feature also earned it the name of "the Red Planet." Mars has two moons (Phobos and Deimos) which are both small and oddly-shaped, possibly being captured asteroids. The prefix areo- refers to Mars. Mars has certainly been seen by skygazers since prehistoric times. It was known by the Egyptians as "Her Deschel" or "the Red One." Among the Babylonians Mars was known as "Nirgal" or "the Star of Death". The Romans were the ones to give Mars its modern name, after the God of War. Mythology and Metaphysics Physical characteristics Mars has always fascinated people. Its red, fiery appearance is caused by iron oxide (rust) on its surface. Mars has only a quarter the surface area of the Earth and only one-tenth the mass (though its surface area is approximately equal to that of the Earth's dry land because Mars lacks oceans). The solar day (or "sol") on Mars is almost the same length as it is on Earth: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. Mars' atmosphere is thin: the air pressure on the surface is only 750 pascals, about 0.75 percent of the average on Earth. However, the scale height of the atmosphere is about 11 km, somewhat higher than Earth's 6 km. The atmosphere on Mars is 95 percent carbon dioxide, 3 percent nitrogen, 1.6 percent argon, and traces of oxygen and water. In 2003, methane was also discovered in the atmosphere by Earth-based telescopes, and possibly confirmed in March 2004 by the Mars Express Orbiter, present measurements state an average methane concentration of about 11±4 ppb by volume. The thin atmosphere cannot hold heat and is the cause of the lower temperatures on Mars (20 degrees Celsius or 68 degrees Fahrenheit is about as hot as it gets).

72. HowStuffWorks "How Mars Odyssey Works" A factual report on the 2001 mars Odyssey mission plans and instruments. http://www.howstuffworks.com/mars-odyssey.htm

HSW.sm.loadPageInfo(8713); OAS_AD('TopBanner'); HowStuffWorks Search HowStuffWorks and the web Video Podcasts Blogs Quizzes Games RSS Adventure Animals Auto Culture ... Next Page How Mars Odyssey Works by Kevin Bonsor Print Cite Feedback ... Recommend Cite This! Close Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks article: Inside this Article Introduction to How Mars Odyssey Works The Spacecraft Mission to Mars Lots More Information ... See all Space Exploration articles The Space Shuttle Videos The book and movie, "2001: A Space Odyssey," famously predicted that humans would have made great strides in exploring our solar system by the beginning of the 21st century. By 2001, Mars would have long been achieved, and we would already be flying manned missions to Jupiter. Of course, manned missions to Mars remain a very long-range goal, and Jupiter can only be reached in movies. Mars Odyssey Image Gallery AFP/ Getty Images The Mars Odyssey spacecraft journeyed for more than six months before placing itself in orbit around the red planet in October, 2001. ­However, NASA honored the impact that

73. Welcome To MARS Motors Armatures Welcome to Motors Armatures website! We are pleased to provide you with an easy way to check pricing and availability, place an order and view price lists. http://www.marsm-a.com/cgi-bin/lansaweb?procfun wordpr01 webfunc ML6

74. Mars Global Surveyor NASA s official site. Detailed mission information, news reports, and a database of images from the satellite s orbits of mars. http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/

@import URL("mgsMain.css"); + NASA Homepage + Mars Home Water-lain Sedimentary Rock on Mars - Two sets of water-lain sedimentary rock units show how sediments were deposited long before the material became rock. Report Reveals Likely Causes of Mars Spacecraft Loss After studying Mars four times as long as originally planned, NASA's Mars Global Surveyor orbiter appears to have succumbed to battery failure. Dust Devils As Seen by MGS, MRO, and Viking Scientists have been observing dust devils on Mars for 30 years. Some dust devils tower more than 8 kilometers (5 miles) into the sky! NASA Images Suggest Water Still Flows in Brief Spurts on Mars NASA photographs have revealed bright new deposits seen in two gullies on Mars that suggest water carried sediment through them sometime during the past seven years. NASA's Mars Global Surveyor May Be at Mission's End NASA's Mars Global Surveyor has likely finished its operating career. The spacecraft has served the longest and been the most productive of any mission ever sent to the red planet.

75. MARS - Monterey Accelerated Research System - Home Page Resources about the mars cabled observatory project from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. http://www.mbari.org/mars/

Skip to section links Skip to main content Home Ocean Observatories ... News The MARS Ocean Observatory Testbed MARS About MARS Science How to connect to MARS ... Notice to Mariners A new way of doing oceanography Most oceanographic instruments on the seafloor have no connections with the surface, so they have to run on batteries and store their own data. A cabled observatory like MARS removes those restrictions, allowing scientists to design new types of oceanographic equipment and study the ocean in new ways. Providing electrical power and data connections for new research instruments in the deep-sea. That's the vision behind the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS). The system consists of a 52-km (32-mile) undersea cable that carries data and power to a "science node" 891 meters (2,923 feet) below the surface of Monterey Bay. More than eight different science experiments can be attached to this main hub with eight nodes. Additional experiments can be daisy-chained to each node. MARS is located at latitude North 36 degrees 42.7481 minutes and longitude West 122 degrees 11.2139 minutes. We invite ocean scientists to consider deploying instruments on the MARS ocean observatory testbed.

76. USGS Participation In The Mars Pathfinder Mission Objectives of Geological Survey activities are to characterize the surface processes that are actively modifying the surface of mars. Provides overview of the project. http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/MarsPathfinder/

USGS Participation in the Mars Pathfinder Mission The USGS is participating in the Mars Pathfinder Mission through Dr. Laurence Soderblom, who is a Co-Investigator on the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera carried by the spacecraft. In addition to Soderblom, four other Astrogeology scientists will be at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory during the prime mission (July 1997) to provide intensive support: Dr. A. Wesley Ward, Jr. (Astrogeology Team Chief Scientist), Dr. Randolph L. Kirk, Elpitha Howington-Kraus, and Dr. Jeffrey Johnson (Eugene M. Shoemaker Fellow in Astrogeology). Cartographic and image-processing support is also being provided by a large number of USGS staff members working in Flagstaff, Arizona. The USGS is involved in most aspects of the mission: pre-mission mapping of the landing site using Viking Orbiter images; detailed site mapping with images from the IMP camera; scientific analysis of the IMP data; and design of special image sequences to elucidate particular aspects of the landing site geology. The scientific objective and approach of the USGS investigation are described in more detail here Jeff, Wes and Larry at JPL.

77. Mars The Bringer of War M ars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the seventh largest orbit 227,940,000 km (1.52 AU) from Sun diameter 6,794 km mass 6 http://dept.physics.upenn.edu/nineplanets/mars.html

Mars The Bringer of War M ars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the seventh largest: orbit : 227,940,000 km (1.52 AU ) from Sun diameter : 6,794 km mass : 6.4219e23 kg M ars (Greek: Ares ) is the god of War. The planet probably got this name due to its red color; Mars is sometimes referred to as the Red Planet. (An interesting side note: the Roman god Mars was a god of agriculture before becoming associated with the Greek Ares; those in favor of colonizing and terraforming Mars may prefer this symbolism.) The name of the month March derives from Mars. M ars has been known since prehistoric times. It is still a favorite of science fiction writers as the most favorable place in the Solar System (other than Earth!) for human habitation. But the famous "canals" "seen" by Lowell and others were, unfortunately, just as imaginary as Barsoomian princesses. T he first spacecraft to visit Mars was Mariner 4 in 1965. Several others followed including Mars 2 , the first spacecraft to land on Mars and the two Viking landers in 1976 (left). Ending a long 20 year hiatus

78. Mars Images, life on mars, news, missions, terraforming, conferences, mars paraphernalia, mars fiction on line, nonfiction, societies, and the face. http://www.sff.net/people/ckanderson/mars.htp

Welcome to C. K. Anderson 's Mars site. This page contains links to Mars-related sites, several of which he found useful when researching A Step Beyond , a novel about the first manned trip to Mars. General Mars Information Center for Mars Exploration - NASA Ames Research Center Welcome to the Planets: Mars - Jet Propulsion Laboratories Mars - Jet Propulsion Laboratories Views of the Solar System: Mars - Hawaiian Astronomical Society The Nine Planets: Mars - Bill Arnett The Whole Mars Catalog - Reston Communications Images of Mars Mars Global Surveyor Images - NASA Mars Pathfinder Images - NASA NASA's Planetary Photojournal: Mars - NASA Atlas of Mars and Viking Orbiter Image Finder - NASA The NSSDC Photo Gallery: Mars - NSSDC MSSC Viking Image Archive - Malin Space Science Systems Life on Mars Ancient Life Studies - NASA Mars Meteorites - Jet Propulsion Laboratories Life on Mars? - Federation of American Scientists Space Policy Project Marsbugs - An electronic astrobiology newsletter View false-color image (35 k).

79. Mars — Infoplease.com mars, on the other side of Earth from Venus, is Venus's direct opposite in terms of physical properties. Its atmosphere is cold, thin, and transparent, and readily permits http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0004451.html

Site Map FAQ in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Spelling Checker Daily Almanac for Nov 16, 2010 Search White Pages Skip Navigation Home American Indian Heritage Month ... games, quizzes Editor's Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Thanksgiving Most Corrupt Countries in the World Conversion Calculator ... DK Daily Teach Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Share Health and Science Astronomy ... The Solar System Mars The Martian Moons Meteorites from Mars Mars, on the other side of Earth from Venus, is Venus's direct opposite in terms of physical properties. Its atmosphere is cold, thin, and transparent, and readily permits observation of the planet's features. We know more about Mars than any other planet except Earth. Mars is a forbidding, rugged planet with huge volcanoes and deep chasms. The largest volcano, Olympus Mons (Olympic Mountain), rises 78,000 ft above the surface, higher than Mount Everest. The plains of Mars are pockmarked by the hits of thousands of meteors over the years. Until the arrival of Mars Pathfinder and Mars Global Surveyor in 1997, most of our information about Mars came from the

80. Mars Orbital Data Explorer - Home Page The PDS Geosciences Node mars Orbital Data Explorer (ODE) provides search, display, and download tools for the PDS science data archives of the mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and other selected mars missions. http://ode.rsl.wustl.edu/mars/

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