81. The IEEE Standard For Floating Point Arithmetic Feb 1, 2010 The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) has produced a standard for floating point arithmetic. This standard specifies http://www.psc.edu/general/software/packages/ieee/ieee.html

82. Compression Via Arithmetic Coding In Java Unrestricted open-source Java implementation of the PPM (prediction by partial matching) algorithm for text and data compression by Bob Carpenter. Builds with ant. http://www.colloquial.com/ArithmeticCoding/

Compression via Arithmetic Coding in Java. Version 1.1 Apache/BSD Licensing The arithmetic coding package is licensed under the standard Apache/BSD license Changes in Version 1.1 Exclusion statistics for more accurate estimation. Many source code optimizations, primarily at a fairly low level of detail. Overview This directory contains the distribution for a package to do compression via arithmetic coding in Java. A very brief description of arithmetic coding with lots of pointers to other material can be found in: The Arithmetic Coding Tutorial The arithmetic coding package contains a generic arithemtic coder and decoder, along with byte stream models that are subclasses of Java's I/O streams. Example statistical models include a uniform distribution, simple unigram model, and a parametric prediction by partial matching (PPM) model. Other models can be built in the framework in the same way as the examples. A prebuilt set of javadoc is available online: Javadoc for com.colloquial.arithcode Quick Start for Java Pros Download the source to target directory, cd there, unjar the source, run

83. IAsolver 0.1beta1: The Brandeis Interval Arithmetic Constraint Solver Java applet that solves non-linear real arithmetic constraints. http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~tim/Applets/IAsolver.html

You need a java-enabled web brower to run the applet. IAsolver 0.1beta1 the Brandeis Interval Arithmetic Constraint Solver Please send any bug reports to tim@cs.brandeis.edu You need a java-enabled web brower to run the applet. Featured Applet for the week of 15-22 August 1997 in the Gamelan Java Archive Source Code is now Available The source code for IAsolver is available for browsing in this directory , or you can download this gzipped tar file (414K) directly. This source code is being released as three libraries: ia_math, ia_parser, and ia_solver. All of these are currently being distributed using the GNU LGPL copyleft for libraries. Portability This applet has reportedly run successfully on the following configurations: Silicon Graphics workstations Macintosh PC's There have been some reports of problems under some Microsoft operating systems and browsers, but I have't had any detailed bug reports yet. If you do have a problem, I would greatly appreciate it if you could send me email at tim@cs.brandeis.edu

84. Mental Math - Fast Arithmetic Tips Three categories defensive - know to check an answer, offensive - fast mental calculations, and math magic. http://www.cut-the-knot.org/arithmetic/rapid/

85. Date Arithmetic Worksheet formulas for doing arithmetic operations on Dates and Times in Microsoft Excel. http://www.cpearson.com/excel/datearith.htm

Date Arithmetic If you're writing an application that works with dates And times in Excel, you'll probably be doing some sort of arithmetic operations with those dates. This page explains several formulas that you may find useful. Adding Dates You can add some number of days to a date by simply using the =SUM function. Since Excel stores dates as a number of days, no further work is required. For example, to add 5 days to 1/1/98, in , use which gives 1/6/98. To add a number of months or years to a date, you first need to decompose the initial date into its year, month, and day components, add in the desired offset, and then have Excel put the components back together. For example, say you have a date in , to which you want to add 3 months and 4 days. You'd use the following formula: =DATE(YEAR(A1), MONTH(A1)+3, DAY(A1)+4) Excel will automatically handle the situation which arises when you pass a number greater than 12 to the MONTH function, or a number greater than 31 to the DAY function.

86. .:: Galois Field Arithmetic Library ::. A simple opensource library in C++ for arithmetic between elements and polynomials over finite fields. http://www.partow.net/projects/galois/

Galois Field Arithmetic Library www.partow.net .: Home :. .: Links :. .: Search :. .: Contact :. Main Menu About Projects Programming Miscellaneous Projects Digital Image Watermarking FastGEO Particle Engine Simulation - (P.E.S) N-Mice Simulation ... Description The branch in mathematics known as Galois theory (pronounced as "gal-wah") which is based on abstract algebra was discovered by a young brilliant french mathematician known as Evariste Galois. The branch deals mainly with the analysis and formal description of binary and unary operations upon polynomials comprised of elements within a Galois field that then describe polynomials within the field itself. The C++ Galois Field Arithmetic Library, implements a specialised version of Galois Fields known as extension fields or in other words fields of the form GF(2^m) and was developed as a base for programming tasks that involved cryptography and error correcting codes. The library is simple, consise and straight forward, it also uses a series of look-up tables to increase performance of calculations. The library is broken into three classes, Galois Field, Galois Field Element and Galois Field Polynomial. Operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus and exponentiation can occur over both field elements and field polynomials and also left and right shifting can occur for field polynomials.

87. 14. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues And Limitations — Python V2.7 Documentat You ll see the same kind of thing in all languages that support your hardware s floatingpoint arithmetic (although some languages may not display the http://docs.python.org/tutorial/floatingpoint.html

Navigation index modules next previous ... The Python Tutorial 14. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations Floating-point numbers are represented in computer hardware as base 2 (binary) fractions. For example, the decimal fraction has value 1/10 + 2/100 + 5/1000, and in the same way the binary fraction has value 0/2 + 0/4 + 1/8. These two fractions have identical values, the only real difference being that the first is written in base 10 fractional notation, and the second in base 2. Unfortunately, most decimal fractions cannot be represented exactly as binary fractions. A consequence is that, in general, the decimal floating-point numbers you enter are only approximated by the binary floating-point numbers actually stored in the machine. The problem is easier to understand at first in base 10. Consider the fraction 1/3. You can approximate that as a base 10 fraction: or, better, or, better, Stop at any finite number of bits, and you get an approximation. On a typical machine running Python, there are 53 bits of precision available for a Python float, so the value stored internally when you enter the decimal number is the binary fraction which is close to, but not exactly equal to, 1/10.

88. History Of Mathematics: History Of Arithmetic And Number Theory A bibliography by D. Joyce. http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/arithmetic.html

History of Arithmetic and Number Theory See also the history of numbers and counting. On the Web Mathematics Archive's index to number theory on the web Pages on arithmetic and number theory at the Mathematical MacTutor History of Mathematics archive Prime numbers Fermat's last theorem ... History of Fermat's Last Theorem by Andrew Granville (TeX) Bibliography Cunnington, Susan. The story of arithmetic, a short history of its origin and development. Swan Sonnenschein, London, 1904. Dickson, Leonard Eugene. History of the theory of numbers. Three volumes. Reprints: Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington, 1932. Chelsea, New York, 1952, 1966. Fine, Henry Burchard (1858-1928). The number system of algebra treated theoretically and historically. Karpinski, Louis Charles (1878-1956). The history of arithmetic. Number theory and its history. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1948. Weil, Andre. Number theory: an approach through history. Birkhauser, Boston, 1984. Reviewed: Math. Rev. Regional mathematics Subjects Books and other resources Chronology ... Home

89. Ray's Arithmetic - Ray's Arithmetic Ray s arithmetic was endorsed by over 10000 school boards. Click here to read more about America s math series during the Industrial Revolution! http://www.dollarhomeschool.com/raysarithmetic/

Dollar Homeschool Bringing Back American Education Eclectic Education Series Ray's ... Science Ray's Arithmetic Part of the Eclectic Education Series Ray's Math Series A Complete K-12 math curriculum, from counting to calculus. The Ray's math series begins at a preliterate level with counting; then takes the child through addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and so upward until calculus, teaching concepts with thorough explanations followed by ample problem sets. The Ray's series provides a very full-bodied course of mathematics. America's standard math text for 50 years- Over 100 million students were educated using it. Ray's Arithmetic was endorsed by over 10,000 school boards. Click here to read more about America's math series during the Industrial Revolution! The Ray's CD is a complete collection of the Ray's Arithmetic textbooks.

90. Yi Ouyang's Homepage University of Toronto. Algebraic number theory and arithmetic geometry cohomological tools to study the arithmetic properties of number fields. Publications. http://www.math.toronto.edu/youyang/

Yi Ouyang , Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Mathematics University of Toronto 100 St. George Street Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada Phone: (416) 978-4156, (905) 828-3841 Fax: (416) 978-4107 Email: youyang@math.toronto.edu Office: Sidney Smith 5016F or South Building 3023C(UTM) Welcome to my homepage. I hope you enjoy your stay here. My name is Yi Ouyang and in Chinese Ou Yang Yi. I am a postdoctoral fellow of the Department of Mathematics at the University of Toronto. Education I got both my BS and MS degrees from the Department of Mathematics at the University of Science and Technology of China , the youngest of the most prestigious universities in China and the proudest of all. You can find some information about my undergraduate study from our class homepage Class 8901 In 1995, I spent a year at Department of Mathematics of the Ohio State University My four years study(1996-2000) at Department of Mathematics of the University of Minnesota ended up with my Ph.D degree in June 2000 under the instruction of Professor Greg William Anderson Research My specialty is algebraic number theory and arithmetic geometry. More specifically, I apply cohomological tools to study the arithmetic properties of number fields. One topic I am studying is the universal norm distributions, which appears quite often in the theory of cyclotomic fields, elliptic curves and modular curves. I determined the group cohomology of some universal norm distributions and used the results to study the Kolyvagin recursions in Euler systems. The other topic I am studying is about the Mordell-Weil group and Selmer group of an abelian variety in number fields, in particular, in a tower of unramified extensions. I am also participating activities in the

91. Basic Arithmetic Coding By Arturo Campos arithmetic coding, is entropy coder widely used, the only problem is it s speed, but compression tends to be better than Huffman can achieve. http://www.arturocampos.com/ac_arithmetic.html

"Arithmetic coding" by Arturo San Emeterio Campos Download Download the whole article zipped. Table of contents Introduction Arithmetic coding Implementation Underflow ... Contacting the author Introduction Arithmetic coding, is entropy coder widely used, the only problem is it's speed, but compression tends to be better than Huffman can achieve. This presents a basic arithmetic coding implementation, if you have never implemented an arithmetic coder, this is the article which suits your needs, otherwise look for better implementations. Arithmetic coding The idea behind arithmetic coding is to have a probability line, 0-1, and assign to every symbol a range in this line based on its probability, the higher the probability, the higher range which assigns to it. Once we have defined the ranges and the probability line, start to encode symbols, every symbol defines where the output floating point number lands. Let's say we have: Symbol Probability Range a b c Note that the "[" means that the number is also included, so all the numbers from to 5 belong to "a" but 5. And then we start to code the symbols and compute our output number. The algorithm to compute the output number is: Low = High = 1 Loop. For all the symbols.

92. Large Number Arithmetic In BASIC Library for large-integer arithmetic, plus some number theory modules. http://largeint.sourceforge.net/

Big-integer arithmetic in BASIC Library header file Number theory modules survey Motivation Euclid (flourished ca. 300 B.C.) The material on this page is due to my interest in the theory of numbers. It's a field whence originate many classic algorithms you can't wait to implement and watch them work their magic. Alas, as soon as things get captivating, you run unto the limits the hardware imposes: On computable numbers [..] below The project grew under its own impetus, eventually including some rather useful functions. There are versions for FreeBasic, QuickBasic, XBasic and Visual Basic. Please visit the Download page for details. Library header file Number theory modules survey Pierre Fermat (1601-1665) With the library come a few BASIC-modules pertinent to number theory, which may serve as a test suite. Running these modules with the sample input files will demonstrate correctness and performance of the library. Sequences and series Fibonacc.bas Fibonacci numbers and the golden ratio phi. A simple recurrent sequence, minimal module sample. Pi.bas

93. Emotional Arithmetic (2007) - IMDb Rating 5.9/10 from 678 users http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0861704/

IMDb Search All Titles TV Episodes Names Companies Keywords Characters Videos Quotes Bios Plots Go More Register Login Help ... More at IMDbPro Emotional Arithmetic 99 min - Drama - Available on demand Own the rights? Add a poster X Users: 678 votes 15 reviews Critics: 25 reviews Emotional Arithmetic tells the story of three people who formed a life-long bond while housed at a detention camp during World War II that are reunited some 35 years later after being separated from one another. Jakob Bronski, a young Jewish man, took a shine to two youngsters, Melanie and Christopher... See full summary Director: Paolo Barzman Writers: Matt Cohen (novel) Jefferson Lewis (screenplay) Release Date: 18 April 2008 (Canada) 3 videos 7 news articles 7 nominations See more awards Cast Credited cast: Gabriel Byrne Christopher Lewis Roy Dupuis Benjamin Winters ... Kris Holden-Ried Young Jakob Bronski (as Kristen Holden-Ried) Regan Jewitt Young Melanie Alexandre Nachi Young Christopher ... Full cast and crew Storyline Written by the Official Press Release, modified by thefilmstudent

94. AAA Math Basic K-8 arithmetic lessons with explanations, interactive practice, and challenge games. http://www.aaamath.com/cd/index.html

Sorted by Grade Level Study Basic Math Skills Unlimited Interactive Practice Explanations and Examples Challenge Games Hundreds of Pages Kindergarten First Second Third ... Eighth Sorted by Subject Math Class CD Buy it Now Edition Price Shipping Total Order and Pay By Home PayPal or Amazon.com Classroom PayPal or Amazon.com School PayPal or Amazon.com Mail Order Features of the Math Class CD Contains all the lessons from the AAAKnow and AAA Math web sites plus many more. Over 2000 Arithmetic lesson pages for grades K-8. Many lessons on the CD are not available on the websites. All Lessons contain: An explanation of the concept Unlimited practice problems Immediate feedback to prevent practicing incorrect methods Challenge games Each lesson page has a "Report Totals" button that provides a summary of the number of problems completed and the scores. This report can be printed or copied into an email. The CD has a printable progress report form for each grade. This printed table of lessons can be used to record the student's practice and improvements. The lessons are arranged into grades (K-8) and into math topic areas (e.g. fractions).

95. Op-Ed Contributor - The Real Arithmetic Of Health Care Reform Mar 20, 2010 Take away the budgetary gimmicks and games, and it s clear that health care reform raises, not lowers, federal deficits. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/21/opinion/21holtz-eakin.html

96. Free Arithmetic Worksheets From S&S Software Print out free math worksheets with answer keys to practice solving 52 levels of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division problems. http://www.sssoftware.com/freeworksheets/index.html

Shortcuts to: Home Products Documentation Free Demos ... Math Skill Builders software series. The worksheets are simple versions of the worksheets created by our Worksheet Generator programs. Feel free to print and use the sample worksheets at home or school. We update these pages weekly. Bookmark this site and come back each week to get new arithmetic problems. Choose an operation for printing worksheets and solution pages: Whole Numbers Decimals Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division ... Division Free! Online Arithmetic Diagnostic at MathSkillBuilders.com. Identify individual student skill levels. If you like our free worksheets, you will love our products Last updated on October 24, 2010 by Chuck at SSSoftware.com

97. IEEE 754: Standard For Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic IEEE 7541985 and 854-1987 govern floating-point arithmetic. This page contains informative material related to these standards and the on-going revision. http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754/

IEEE 754: Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic IEEE 754-2008 governs binary floating-point arithmetic. It specifies number formats, basic operations, conversions, and exceptional conditions. The 2008 edition supersedes both the standard and the related IEEE 854-1987 which generalized 754-1985 to cover decimal arithmetic as well as binary. Note that materials provided on this page and sub-pages are not approved as IEEE standards. The current, approved standard is . The materials provided through this page are purely informative. The standard itself is the official document. There is a mailing list at stds-754@ieee.org that supports the standard. Nothing on that list is an official interpretation, but the list can be an excellent way to reach people involved in 754. To join the list, send the message text " subscribe stds-754 " to listserv@listserv.ieee.org Related Groups Consider assisting the interval standardization effort . Instructions for getting involved are available through Interval Computations web site . Their mailing list archive is hosted by the IEEE Next Meeting NONE Standard has been published.

98. Kids Online Resources - KidsOLR, Math, Maths Interactive games for numbers, place values, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, number lines, fractions, and arithmetic laws. http://www.kidsolr.com/math/math.html

Identifying Time Learning is Fun Fractions KidScienceLink.com Identifying Time Learning is Fun Fractions KidScienceLink.com ... KidsOLR.com

99. Elementary Math - Practice And Test Math Skills Tigger Math is software for use by grade school children. Tigger asks addition, subtraction, multiplication and division questions. http://www.testedok.com/tiggermath.html

TestedOK Software Tigger Math - software for your elementary math needs Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division questions and worksheets Products Download Sales and Ordering Contact Us Tigger Math is software for use by elementary school children. Tigger asks basic arithmetic questions. Choose from addition, subtraction, multiplication, division or mixed questions. Choose how many to ask, whether or not to time the quiz, and number range for each question type. You may also print worksheets. Quiz results are saved in a database for future browsing/printing. Features: Choose from addition, subtraction, multiplication, division or mixed question quiz types. Quiz may be timed or untimed. User may set the low and high number range for each quiz type, from 1 to 999. As the student progresses, the questions can become harder. Print worksheets Quiz score and questions/answers saved in a database for browsing/printing. Network enabled. Very easy to use. Less than 5 minutes learning curve. Highly customizable.

100. Arithmetic Progression An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers such that the difference of any two successive members of the sequence is a constant. http://www.math10.com/en/algebra/arithmetic-progression.html

Math10.com Maths Online, Online Math Home Math Forum Math Books ... Matrix, Matrices Math10 needs your support Arithmetic Progression An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers such that the difference of any two successive members of the sequence is a constant. For example , the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,... is an arithmetic progression with common difference 2. Arithmetic progression property: a + a n = a + a n-1 = ... = a k +a n-k+1 Formulae for the n-th term can be defined as: a n (a n-1 + a n+1 If the initial term of an arithmetic progression is a and the common difference of successive members is d , then the n- th term of the sequence is given by a n = a + (n - 1)d, n = 1, 2, ... The sum S of the first n values of a finite sequence is given by the formula: S = (a + a n )n, where a is the first term and a n the last. or S = + d(n-1))n Arithmetic Progression Problems 1) Is the row 1,11,21,31... arithemtic progression? Solution: Yes it is arithmetic progression with first term 1 and common differnece 10.

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