61. Forbidden Knowledge; ISBN-13 9780156005517 ISBN13/EAN 9780156005517 ; $16.00 LITERARY CRITICISM Lit Crit - General PHILOSOPHY Philosophy - History - General http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/catalog/searchresults.cfm?adv=y&descript

62. Political Hotwire Discussion forum for a broad range of political topics, including US and world politics, labor, philosophy, history, and economics. http://www.politicalhotwire.com/

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66. The Collective Lounge Dedicated to news and issues in philosophy, history and the politics of the day. http://thecollectivelounge.blogspot.com/

the collective lounge Mordechai Vanunu Vanunu revealed details of his detention by writing on his hand: "Vanunu M was hijacked in Rome. ITL. 30.9.86, 21:00. Came to Rome by fly BA504." Below is a letter I sent to the ever helpful Mike Fitzpatrick, the best constituency MP I've ever had:- In summary, the man's detention was not via formal extradition (putting it more politely than the facts merit). He acted consciously and not for personal gain. He has served 18 years in prison, including 11 in solitary confinement. The court did not allow even censored extracts from the transcript of proceedings to be issued until 11 years after his 1988 conviction. The then head of Mossad, Shabtai Shavit, told ABC Australia's AM program that his murder had been actively contemplated Israel is not a signatory of the NPT but has nevertheless not been honest about its nuclear arsenal ; despite Vanunu's revelations and former Prime Minister Olmert's tactit TV admission . This admission should be a bar to US financial assistance, as there is a Congressional bar on supporting countries who possess weapons of mass destruction (according to the bbc article linked above). This is of course not a matter for HMG itself but is nonetheless significant. There is also evidence of Israel's involvement of WMD proliferation - an American academic claims to have classified documents showing that Israel tried to sell nuclear weapons to apartheid South Africa and may have been involved in that country's eventual production of nuclear weapons.

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68. Welcome To Rainbow Kidschool Calendar and information about programs, philosophy, and history. http://www.rainbowkidschool.ca/

Home Programs Our Teachers Our Environment ... Contact Us Welcome to our website We are proud to be Rainbow Kidschool. We offer a full program of active learning for preschool and school-aged children. We believe that children learn best through active investigation of a carefully planned environment and that play is the natural medium for their experiences. We are located in Lady Evelyn Alternative School ( ladyevelynalt.ocdsb.ca ), permitting a seamless day for Lady Evelyn's kindergarten and school-aged children. Children from other schools in the community also attend the program. The children spend most of their time in self-initiated activities. They also participate with other children in teacher-directed events, such as music, story telling, games, and show and tell. These intimate groups help children learn the skills they need to be a part of larger groups; to interact with their peers; to respect and trust adults other than their parents; to accept adult direction; and to listen attentively. Parents are an important component of the Rainbow Kidschool community. Those with special talents and interests come into the classroom to share them with the children. We also welcome all parents on field trips and invite them to participate in special events held by the school from time to time. A Board of Directors, made up of both staff and parents, ensures the efficient operation of the school. Rainbow Kidschool is a member of the Ottawa-Carleton School Based Child Care Network. The network is a resource-sharing partnership with five other independently-operated, non-profit, school-based child care facilities.

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70. Mohism Several articles on various aspects of this philosophical tradition, from a Daoist perspective. http://www.hku.hk/philodep/ch/Mohism.htm

Chad Hansen's Chinese Philosophy Pages Daoist-oriented interpretations Mozi (Mo Tzu) The Later Mohists. Chinese Philosophy of Language Chinese Philosophy of Mind ... Language and Logic in Ancient China

71. Welcome To The Financial Aid Office - UNC Greensboro UNCG Scholarships College of Arts Sciences (CAS) Click on a department name to go to descriptions of majorspecific funds. http://fia.uncg.edu/scholarships/arts.htm

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72. Mohism (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) Extensive article by Chris Fraser, with bibliography. From the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mohism/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Mohism First published Mon Oct 21, 2002; substantive revision Tue Mar 23, 2010 A later branch of the school (see the entry on Mohist Canons ) formulated a sophisticated semantic theory, epistemology, utilitarian ethics, theory of analogical reasoning, and mereological ontology and undertook inquiries in such diverse fields as geometry, mechanics, optics, and economics. They addressed technical problems raised by their semantics and utilitarian ethics and produced a collection of terse, rigorous arguments that develop Mohist doctrines, defend them against criticisms, and rebut opponents' views. Central elements of Mohist thought include advocacy of a unified ethical and political order grounded in a utilitarian ethic emphasizing impartial concern for all; active opposition to military aggression and injury to others; devotion to utility and frugality and condemnation of waste and luxury; support for a centralized, authoritarian state led by a virtuous, benevolent sovereign and managed by a hierarchical, merit-based bureaucracy; and reverence for and obedience to Heaven ( Tian , literally the sky) and the ghosts worshiped in traditional folk religion. Mohist ethics and epistemology are characterized by a concern with finding objective standards that will guide judgment and action reliably and impartially so as to produce beneficial, morally right consequences. The Mohists assume that people are naturally motivated to do what they believe is right, and thus with proper moral education will generally tend to conform to the correct ethical norms. They believe strongly in the power of discussion and persuasion to solve ethical problems and motivate action, and they are confident that moral and political questions have objective answers that can be discovered and defended by inquiry.

73. The The Labour And Trade Union Review.com...Cuba International General Iraq Cuba Russia Philosophy/History General Other Sections Events Links Email Us Subscriptions Copyright Members Area http://ltureview.com/user/inpol/inpol_c.php

Cuba Tuesday, November 16 2010. The Bevin Society Home Who Are We Statement UK Politics General Economics Ireland Pensions ... Transport EU Politics General The Balkans International General Iraq Cuba Russia Philosophy/History General Other Sections Events Links E-mail Us Subscriptions ... Members Area E. Courtney, March 1996 Media Manipulation And Cuba On 24th February, 1997 BBC Radio 4 UK carried a report on its prestigious Today programme from a BBC correspondent in Miami, Michael Brabant. It was on Cuban exile overflights in Cuba. The exiles are planning further invasions of Cuban air-space sovereignty to commemorate the shooting down of one of their planes a year ago. Brabant did not attempt to provide balance in his report, nor was there any critical appraisement of the means used by ... Select a Page Latest Review Download Now Pamphlet This is the latest pamphlet from David Morrison detailing the Bliar deceit over the war in Iraq. To download this pamphlet use this link. Blairs big lie confirmed(MS Word) If you would like to read more of David Morrisons wrting on Iraq or would like acess to the source materials David mentions in his pamphlet please David Morrisons Website News Roundup Iraq Section Current Issue April 2010 tBS Links If you would like your site appear in our links page please Click Here tBS This Months Events No Meetings Notified More

74. Chinese Philosophy Page - Mo Jia Or Mohism Annotated links related to this school of philosophy. http://members.iinet.net.au/~saandss/chinesephilosophy/mojia.html

Chinese Philosophy Page HOME Chinese Philosophy Texts - Mo Jia or Mohism Confucianism Mohism Daoism Legalism ... Other-ism Mo Zi or Early Mohist Text. ENGLISH - CHINESE (GB) OTHER SOURCES: The Wesleyan Chinese Philosophical Etext ArchivePre-Qin Texts has the following files: Selected Mohist Doctrine chapters. Here is a Table of Contents from the complete Mo Zi (i.e., including sections from both the Early Mohists and the Bie Mo). For an introduction, Burton Watson's partial translation is useful: Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hsun Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu Burton Watson (Editor) / Hardcover / Published 1967. A complete, and also rather hard to find, translation is: Motse, the Neglected Rival of Confucius Mei Yi-Pac / Published 1976 Other Links related to the Mo Zi Mohism Mohist Philosophy John Knoblock has some information on his Classical Chinese Philosophy site: An introduction to the philosophy of Mo Di Bie Mo or Neo-Mohists.

75. EERA: Conference Theme - Theory And Evidence In European Educational Research The decline appears to have particularly affected those areas long considered to be the cornerstones of the discipline educational philosophy, history, general didactics, and http://www.eera-ecer.eu/ecer/ecer-2009-vienna/conference-theme/

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76. Legalism According To Schwartz Course notes for students of this classical Chinese tradition. http://www.iun.edu/~hisdcl/h425/legalists2.htm

Legalism according to Schwartz In this chapter, Schwartz provides not only a systematic introduction to Legalism, but also to the background against which Legalism started. He traced the beginning of Legalism to the time of Confucius and such Confucian contemporaries as Tze-chan (Zi-chan), a ruler of a small state called Cheng and an acquaintance/possible student of Confucius. Schwartz argues that for the early Legalists, different from the Confucians who championed the importance of self-cultivation and cultivation of the family, they wanted uniform standards to govern the state to achieve more effective and rapid results. We only need to read pp.321-335, and 339-343 (on Han Fei-zi). 1. Origin of the term "Legalism" ( fa Fa: its meaning: model or standard. The literal translation of fa, is method, or law; originally associated with hsing (note, here, the hsing is not the same word meaning "human nature." They have a slightly different tone in pronunciation in Chinese. Many words in Chinese read identical but are different in meaning and writing. This hsing here is a word that stands for "punishment" or "torture." Although this word

77. The Legalists A short discussion of Legalist doctrine and its broader implications. http://www.iun.edu/~hisdcl/h425/legalists.htm

The Legalists When I was going to primary school in Communist China in the early 1970s, a political movement started, called " ping fa pi ru " (evaluate the Legalists and criticize the Confucians). On the surface, the movement glorified the Legalists in Chinese history, especially Shang Yang and Han Fei, who were considered to have contributed to innovative legal reforms, whereas the Confucians were condemned because they looked backward to a golden age of the past and wanted to "pull the wheel of history backward," to use a typical phrase from the People's Daily , the official organ of the Communist Party. Shang Yang was celebrated as a martyr, as after his reform fell through, he was subjected to the cruelest form of punishment by his political opponents: having his four limbs tied to four horses riding in four different directions. The real purpose of the political movement was actually to use an attack on ancient Confucians to allude to the so called present-day Confucians in the Communist Party who were, by the standards of political radicals, not radical or revolutionary enough and should be ousted. This is just an example of how the Confucians and the Legalists mattered two thousand years afterwards. Doctrine-wise, the Legalists obviously differed from the Confucians in their emphasis on a naturally selfish human nature. Wisdom, to them, did not lie in the human heart, but in the rational application of laws to the people. They shrugged off the Confucian ideas of moral cultivation, and dismissed an emphasis on etiquette and rituals as empty and useless because they did not touch upon the basics of human lifethe material conditions and economic well-being. Here we will just concentrate on the writings of Shang Yang and Han Fei Zi, as well as Li Si, who started the "burning Confucian books" movement in the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), the first unified empire in Chinese history. The question to ask is, why did the Confucians eventually triumph over the Legalists in the following Han Dynasty(202 B.C.-220 A.D.)?

78. Legalism Concise article on the history and doctrines of this school, from the PHILTAR Overview of World Religions. http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/china/legal.html

Legalism Doctrines Legalism is a political philosophy that does not address higher questions pertaining to the nature and purpose of existence. It is concerned with the most effective way of governing society. The legalist tradition derives from the principle that the best way to control human behaviour is through written law rather than through ritual, custom or ethics. The two principal sources of Legalist doctrine were the Book of Lord Shang and the Han Fei-tzu. The Book of Lord Shang teaches that laws are designed to maintain the stability of the state from the people, who are innately selfish and ignorant. There is no such thing as objective goodness or virtue; it is obedience that is of paramount importance. The Han Fei-tzu advocates a system of laws that enable the ruler to govern efficiently and even ruthlessly. Text books apart from law books are useless, and rival philosophies such as Moism and Confucianism are dismissed as "vermin". The ruler is to conduct himself with great shrewdness, keeping his ministers and family at a distance and not revealing his intentions. Strong penalties should deter people from committing crime. History The origins of Legalist thought are unclear. Some would date it as far back as the teaching of the 7th century BCE statesman Kuan Chung (d. 645 BCE), prime minister of the state of Ch'i, whose teachings are supposed to be represented by the Kuan-tzu. Other figures associated with an early form of legalism are Shang Yang (d. 338 BCE), the putative author of The Book of Lord Shang, and Shen Pu-hai (d. 337 BCE). Shang Yang was particularly important for the development of legalism since it was he who served as governor of the state of Ch'in and strengthened it to the extent that it was able to unify China in the following century.

79. Atlas Forum - Index General Discussion Constitution and Law - Religion Philosophy - History. General Politics - U.S. General Discussion - International General Discussion http://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/index.php?;wap2

80. Professor Sheehan A student paper on Legalism, with professorial comments. http://history.wisc.edu/sheehan/103/sample paper 1 fall 2002.htm

Professor Sheehan�s comments: This is a good example of a well thought out thesis. The author is arguing for the importance of Legalism in the Qin rise, but at the same time, recognizes that the Qin�s �geographical and political position� played a role too. In addition, the first half of the paper makes great connections between the primary sources and the historical context by good utilization of quotes from Ebrey and Schirokauer. The logical flow of the paper breaks down toward the end, and the comments about how such rule might seem today especially in relation to the harshness of Legalist thinking seems a little superficial. More importantly, this line of argument is not tied into the main thesis. Otherwise, this is an excellent paper. Original Paper: Several schools of philosophical thought emerged in China during the Eastern Zhou period, but none saw more acceptance or successful application than Legalism. One state that utilized the teachings of the Legalists was the Qin state. During the third century B.C.E., the Qin were able to unify China through shrewd economic, political, and military strategies proposed by Legalist thinkers of the time.

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