81. Galileo And Einstein: Lecture Index Full lecture notes from an introductory course taught at U of Virginia. http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/lectures/lecturelist.html

Galileo and Einstein Home Page G ALILEO AND E INSTEIN Overview and Lecture Index Counting in Babylon PDF Spanish Version Belorussian Version Babylon had in all probability the earliest written language. At the same time, an elegant system of weights and measures kept the peace in the marketplace. Their method of counting was in some ways better than our present one! We look at some ancient math tables, and ideas about Pythagoras' theorem 1,000 years before Pythagoras. Early Greek Science: Thales to Plato PDF Spanish Version In the ancient port city of Miletus , there took place a "discovery of nature": philosophers tried to understand natural phenomena without invoking the supernatural. The Greeks imported basic geometric ideas from Egypt , and developed them further. Members of the Pythagorean cult announced the famous theorem, and the (to them) alarming discovery of irrational numbers! The Greeks had some ideas about elements and atoms. Hippocrates looked for non-supernatural causes of disease. Plato formulated a rationale for higher education, and thought about atoms. Motion in the Heavens: Stars, Sun, Moon, Planets

82. Physicists On Stamps Scanned images of stamps from around the world. Donated scans are welcome. http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/physstamps.html

Physics-Related Stamps This page exhibits stamps displaying physicists and a few mathematicians and engineers important for physics. The stamps are combined in 'albums' according to the people who kindly contributed to the collection. Hint: Use the search function of your browser if you look for a particular name. Donations (scans) are appreciated! Ernst Abbe (1840-1905), GDR, 1956, 61 kB Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858-1929), Austria, 1954, 59 kB Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858-1929), Austria, 1936, 34 kB Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846), FRG, 1984, 100 kB Niels Bohr (1885-1962), Denmark, 1963, 94 kB Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974), India, 1994, 24 kB Curie , Senegal, 1938, 76 kB Curie , Somalia, 1938, 81 kB Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Zaire, 1979, 58 kB Albert Einstein (1879-1955), USA, 1979, 53 kB Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Germany, 2005, 42 kB Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Tadjikistan, 12 kB Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Argentina, 1971, 21 kB Leonhard Euler (1707-1783), GDR, 1957, 38 kB Enrico Fermi (1901-1954), USA, 2001, 64 kB

83. Pictures Of Physicists Pictures and drawings of famous physicists, a comprehensive collection. http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/portraits.html

Pictures of Famous Physicists The complete Picture Gallery (351 pictures, text-based version, alphabetically sorted) Thumbnail-enhanced showrooms of the gallery Pre-20th century (32 pictures) Pioneers of Quantum Theory (20 pictures) Theoreticians (35 pictures) Experimentalists (part 1) (24 pictures) Experimentalists (part 2) (24 pictures) Nobel prize 1971-1980 (25 pictures) Nobel prize 1981-1990 (23 pictures) Nobel prize since 1991 (13 pictures) Albert Einstein (63 pictures) Group photographs (24 pictures) The Nobel Prize winners in physics 1901-1998 (some pictures are still missing) Black-and-white drawings of physicists by I. Waloschek (53 pictures) Physics-related postage stamps 1334 pictures! Portraits from the other side of science (6 pictures) Visit the AIP Center for History of Physics A few more more pictures found at St. Andrews /Scotland Last modified: Nov. 14, 2010 jr th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de Joachim Reinhardt

84. CWP - Contributions Of 20th C. Women To Physics (redirect) Electronic archive containing over 75 brief scientific and biographic citations of original and important contributions 20th century women have made to physics. http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/

AN ARCHIVE PRESENTING AND DOCUMENTING IMPORTANT AND ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHYSICS MADE BEFORE 1976 BY 20 th CENTURY WOMEN. This site is now at its permanent location at http://cwp.library.ucla.edu PLEASE CLICK HERE AND BOOKMARK NEW LOCATION.

85. Lawrence And The Cyclotron: AIP History Center Web Exhibit Biography of Ernest Orland Lawrence, from the AIP Center for History of Physics which describes Lawrence s development of the cyclotron. http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/

Text Version Site Map E rnest O. Lawrence (1901-1958) helped elevate American physics to world leadership. His invention of the cyclotron, an accelerator of subatomic particles, won him the Nobel Prize in 1939. His entrepreneurial development of the Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley ushered in the era of " Big Science. " During World War II Lawrence and his machines took part in the Manhattan Project, which produced the first atomic bombs. In the early Cold War years he played a key role in forging a new relationship between science and the federal government and in the establishment of a system of National Laboratories, two of which now bear his name. Next: Youth and Early Career home youth and early career ... Center for History of Physics Email: chp@aip.org Phone: 301-209-3165 Click on Logo to Return to AIP Home Page American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3843. Email:

86. Green Biography Biographical details of this British mathematician and physicist. http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Green.html

George Green Born: July 1793 in Sneinton, Nottingham, England Died: 31 May 1841 in Sneinton, Nottingham, England Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Main Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Biographies index Version for printing George Green 's father, also called George Green, was a baker in Nottingham. After serving his apprenticeship to a baker in Nottingham George Green Senior had married Sarah Butler (the mathematician's mother) in 1791 and Sarah's father had helped George Green Senior to buy his own bakery in Wheatsheaf Yard in Nottingham. George and Sarah had one son and one daughter. The son was George Green, the mathematician and, although the date of his birth is unknown, he was baptised on 14 July 1793. His sister Ann was born two years later and the family were reasonably prosperous with the bakery business being successful. In September 1800 there were riots in England when food prices were high and people did not have enough to eat. The corn dealers and bakers were blamed for keeping back food until the prices rose even higher and crowds of people broke into bakers and tried to steal food. George Green's bakery was attacked and the he wrote a letter to the mayor asking for protection (the spelling and capital letters follow Green's letter):- Sept th To the Right Worshipfull the Mayor and his Bretheren haveing all my Windows Broke Last night and being much thretend tonight with more mischief being done to me such as entering my House therefore Gentlemen I most Humbly crave your protection such as the Berer of this can explain to you from your Humble servant George Green.

87. Winners Of The Nobel Prize In Physics A comprehensive list of Nobel Prize Laureates in physics, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/

Nobel Prize in Physics Winners 2010-1901 also available in alphabetical arrangement brought to you by The Nobel Prize Internet Archive The prize was awarded jointly to: A NDRE G EIM and K ONSTANTIN N OVOSELOV for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene. The prize is being awarded with one half to: C HARLES K. K AO for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication and the other half jointly to: W ILLARD S. B OYLE and G EORGE E. S MITH for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor. The prize is being awarded with one half to: Y OICHIRO N AMBU for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics and the other half jointly to: M AKOTO K OBAYASHI and T OSHIHIDE M ASKAWA for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature. The prize is being awarded jointly to: A LBERT F ERT and P ETER G for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance. The prize is being awarded jointly to: J OHN C. M

88. David Gross - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Article from wikipedia on this American physicist and string theorist who, along with Frank Wilczek and David Politzer, was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of asymptotic freedom. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross

David Gross From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article is about the physicist. For the diplomat, see David A. Gross David J. Gross David Jonathan Gross Born February 19, 1941 Washington, D.C. USA Residence United States Nationality United States Fields Physics String Theory Institutions University of California, Santa Barbara Harvard University Princeton University Alma mater ... Geoffrey Chew Doctoral students Frank Wilczek Edward Witten William E. Caswell Rajesh Gopakumar ... Heterotic string Notable awards Dirac Medal Nobel Prize in Physics David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941 in Washington, D.C. ) is an American particle physicist and string theorist . Along with Frank Wilczek and David Politzer , he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of asymptotic freedom . He is currently the director and holder of the Frederick W. Gluck Chair in Theoretical Physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of California, Santa Barbara Contents Academic career Honours and awards Notes References ... edit Academic career David Gross and his wife in Santa Barbara Construction works at Kavli Institute He was born on February 19, 1941 to a Jewish family and raised in the United States. His father was

89. Moritz Immisch ~ Victorian Inventor & Pioneer Victorian inventor, electrical engineer, pioneer and manufacturer, particularly remembered for his famous Immisch Electric Motor. http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~immisch/moritzinventor.htm

Search billions of records on Ancestry.com MORITZ IMMISCH ~ 1838-1903 ~ It is in connection with the "Immisch" motor and the early development of electric power that his name is chiefly remembered, although records of the patent offices of Europe and America show he had thought out (more or less) thoroughly a considerable number of practical problems. As a prolific inventor he filed over forty patents between 1881-90. Originally he had started by making his name among the chief watch and clock manufacturers, and in 1872 had won the baroness Burdett-Coutts's prize for a thesis on the isochronism of the balance spring. Entitled "The Balance Spring" the thesis was subsequently published in book form. Moritz Immisch's talented mind, however, was neither fully occupied nor stretched in this limited work. Like others with great skill in instrument making, he became enthused by the opportunities presented by the new discoveries in electricity. It was thus his experiments in electricity, magnetism and general physics which soon attracted friends and capital. About 1880 he entered into a business partnership with fellow-countryman Fritz Hubel, along with several British backers who found the necessary capital to extend the scope of his experiments. A small electrical works were opened at Malden Crescent, Kentish Town, and the "Immisch Motor" was gradually evolved, and won medals at the Inventions Exhibition of 1885, the Antwerp International Exposition of the same year, and at various subsequent exhibitions. From thence to 1891 the firm seemed on the high road to success. The works were full of pioneer orders for dynamos and motors for use in running plant machinery for electric light, power transmission, pumping and hauling in mines, electric trams, electric launches, electric cars, etc.

90. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Luis Alvarez Brief biography from PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/boalva.html

document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js' %3E%3C/script%3E")); Luis Alvarez Photo: Luis (left) and Walter (right) Alvarez. Luis Alvarez was a physicist with wide ranging interests. At the University of Chicago, he took a class called Advanced Experimental Physics: Light, and later claimed, "It was love at first sight." He graduated in 1932 and stayed at Chicago for his graduate work. He married, had two kids, and moved to Berkeley, where he worked with Ernest Lawrence and stayed until 1978. Alvarez's colleagues sometimes called him the "prize wild idea man" because of the huge range of his activities. He did all kinds of research into the atomic nucleus, light, electrons, radar, and so forth. In 1943 he was part of the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos and developed a detonating device for the atomic bomb. He was on board the bomber Enola Gay when it dropped the bomb on Hiroshima. Alvarez was shocked and sickened by what he saw, but because the war ended so soon afterwards, he never expressed doubts about the bomb's use. In fact, he was one of few scientists who had worked on the bomb who felt the U.S. should continue weapons development and make a hydrogen bomb. He continued to do varied work in high energy physics and in 1968, received the Nobel Prize. In 1965 Alvarez took his physics expertise on an archeological expedition. A U.S.-Egyptian team was trying to find hidden chambers in the Giza pyramid in Egypt by using subatomic particles to calculate the pyramid's density. They didn't find any chambers, but this began Alvarez's work with his son Walter, a geology professor at Berkeley. Together they developed a theory in 1980 that a

91. The Nobel Prize In Physics 1968 Alvarez s biography, presentation speech, Nobel lecture, and banquet speech. http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1968/

Home FAQ Press Contact Us ... Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 About the Nobel Prizes Facts and Lists Nobel Prize in Physics All Nobel Prizes in Physics ... Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies Sort and list Nobel Prizes and Nobel Laureates Create a List All Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize Awarded Organizations Women Nobel Laureates Nobel Laureates and Universities Prize category: Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature Peace Economics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 Luis Alvarez The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 Summary Presentation Speech Luis Alvarez ... Other Resources Luis Walter Alvarez The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 was awarded to Luis Alvarez "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis" TO CITE THIS PAGE: MLA style: "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968". Nobelprize.org. 16 Nov 2010 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1968/ About Nobelprize.org

92. Michael Faraday Following in the footsteps of Ben Franklin, Michael Faraday studied the nature of electricity. http://www.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xfaraday.html

Michael Faraday The English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday, b. Sept. 22, 1791, d. Aug. 25, 1867, is known for his pioneering experiments in electricity and magnetism. Many consider him the greatest experimentalist who ever lived. Several concepts that he derived directly from experiments, such as lines of magnetic force, have become common ideas in modern physics. Faraday was born at Newington, Surrey, near London. He received little more than a primary education, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a bookbinder. There he became interested in the physical and chemical works of the time. After hearing a lecture by the famous chemist Humphry Davy, he sent Davy the notes he had made of his lectures. As a result Faraday was appointed, at the age of 21, assistant to Davy in the laboratory of the Royal Institution in London. During the initial years of his scientific work, Faraday occupied himself mainly with chemical problems. He discovered two new chlorides of carbon and succeeded in liquefying chlorine and other gases. He isolated benzene in 1825, the year in which he was appointed director of the laboratory. Davy, who had the greatest influence on Faraday's thinking, had shown in 1807 that the metals sodium and potassium can be precipitated from their compounds by an electric current, a process known as electrolysis. Faraday's vigorous pursuit of these experiments led in 1834 to what became known as Faraday's laws of electrolysis.

93. Niels Bohr - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Short article about his work. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr

Niels Bohr From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Niels Bohr Born Niels Henrik David Bohr 7 October 1885 Copenhagen Denmark Died 18 November 1962 Copenhagen Denmark Nationality Denmark Fields Physics Institutions University of Copenhagen University of Cambridge University of Manchester Alma mater ... Ernest Rutherford Doctoral students Hendrik Anthony Kramers Copenhagen interpretation Complementarity Bohr model ... Bohr magneton Influences Ernest Rutherford Influenced Werner Heisenberg Wolfgang Pauli Paul Dirac Lise Meitner ... Max Delbrück and many others Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physics Franklin Medal Signature Notes Harald Bohr is his younger brother, and Aage Bohr is his son. Niels Henrik David Bohr [nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ] Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics , for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr mentored and collaborated with many of the top physicists of the century at his institute in Copenhagen . He was part of a team of physicists working on the Manhattan Project . Bohr married Margrethe Nørlund in 1912, and one of their sons

94. NBI Today And Previously. Describes his work at the institute for theoretical physics at the Copenhagen university, lated renamed Niels Bohr Institute. http://www.nbi.dk/nbi-history.html

NBI History The Niels Bohr Institute was founded on March 3, 1921. A few facts. The Institute Today History of the Niels Bohr Institute from 1921 to 1965 Quantum Theory in 1929 , recollections from the first Copenhagen conference, by L. Rosenfeld. A Picture Gallery For more information on the history of the Niels Bohr Institute, contact the Niels Bohr Archive The Institute Today If you are interested to know what the Niels Bohr Institute is today, just have a look at all the other pages in this WWW server, they have been written exactly for this purpose! In any case, here is a short summary. In the same and neighbouring buildings are also located: NORDITA and the Niels Bohr Archive The main subjects of research at the Niels Bohr Institute are: Experimental and theoretical high-energy and nuclear physics, astrophysics, chaos and turbulence, biophysics, quantum optics ... The Head of Department is Andrew D. Jackson Jette Frigalt is his secretary. Back to the Index History of the Niels Bohr Institute from 1921 to 1965 These notes have been written in 1965 in the following occasion.

95. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Niels Bohr Short biographical article. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bpbohr.html

document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js' %3E%3C/script%3E")); Niels Bohr Niels Bohr was born and educated in Copenhagen, Denmark. He lived, worked, and died there, too. But his mark on science and history was worldwide. His professional work and personal convictions were part of the larger stories of the century. At the University of Copenhagen, he studied physics and played soccer (though not as well as his brother, who helped the 1908 Danish soccer team win an Olympic silver medal). After receiving his doctorate in 1911, Bohr traveled to England on a study grant and worked under J.J. Thomson, who had discovered the electron 15 years earlier. Bohr began to work on the problem of the atom's structure. Ernest Rutherford had recently suggested the atom had a miniature, dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of nearly weightless electrons. There were a few problems with the model, however. For example, according to classical physics, the electrons orbiting the nucleus should lose energy until they spiral down into the center, collapsing the atom. Bohr proposed adding to the model the new idea of quanta put forth by Max Planck in 1901. That way, electrons existed at set levels of energy, that is, at fixed distances from the nucleus. If the atom absorbed energy, the electron jumped to a level further from the nucleus; if it radiated energy, it fell to a level closer to the nucleus. His model was a huge leap forward in making theory fit the experimental evidence that other physicists had found over the years. A few inaccuracies remained to be ironed out by others over the next few years, but his essential idea was proved correct. He received the Nobel Prize for this work in 1922, and it's what he's most famous for. But he was only 37 at the time, and he didn't stop there. Among other things, he put forth the theory of the nucleus as a liquid drop, and the idea of "complementarity" that things may have a dual nature (as the electron is both particle and wave) but we can only experience one aspect at a time.

96. Quantum Mechanics, 1925-1927: Triumph Of The Copenhagen Interpretation Part of exhibit on Werner Heisenberg and the uncertainty principle. http://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p09.htm

Heisenberg, standing front left, next to P.A.M. Dirac, in front of A.H. Compton, University of Chicago, 1929. We regard quantum mechanics as a complete theory for which the fundamental physical and mathematical hypotheses are no longer susceptible of modification. Heisenberg and Max Born, paper delivered to Solvay Congress of 1927 Niels Bohr's Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen in the 1920s H eisenberg formulated the uncertainty principle in February 1927 while employed as a lecturer in Bohr's Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen. Bohr, who had been on a skiing vacation, returned to the institute to find Heisenberg's paper already in draft. Forwarding the paper to Einstein at Heisenberg's request, Bohr complained to Einstein that Heisenberg's approach was too narrow and his gamma-ray microscope was flawed, although the result was correct. For Bohr, the uncertainty relations arose not merely from the quantum equations and the use of particles and discontinuity. Waves and particles had to be taken equally into account, and the scattering of light waves by the electron was also crucial. When Heisenberg corrected his thought experiment, it only confirmed the results. Niels Bohr, who articulated the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics and mentored a generation of quantum physicists

97. The Nobel Prize In Physics 1922 For investigations of the structure of atoms and their radiation. Includes biography and presentation speech. http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1922/

Home FAQ Press Contact Us ... Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 About the Nobel Prizes Facts and Lists Nobel Prize in Physics All Nobel Prizes in Physics ... Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies Sort and list Nobel Prizes and Nobel Laureates Create a List All Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize Awarded Organizations Women Nobel Laureates Nobel Laureates and Universities Prize category: Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature Peace Economics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Niels Bohr The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Summary Presentation Speech Niels Bohr ... Other Resources Niels Henrik David Bohr The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 was awarded to Niels Bohr "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" TO CITE THIS PAGE: MLA style: "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922". Nobelprize.org. 16 Nov 2010 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/ About Nobelprize.org Technical Support Home FAQ ... Contact Us

98. ESVA Bohr Mini-Exhibit Pictures from Emilio Segr Visual Archives. http://photos.aip.org/exhibits/bohr.jsp

99. Niels Bohr Address to the Physical Society of Copenhagen, published in Fysisk Tidsskrift. http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/bohr.html

Niels Bohr (1885-1962) On the Spectrum of Hydrogen address to the Physical Society of Copenhagen, December 20, 1913 [ Fysisk Tidsskrift , 97 (1914) translated by A. D. Udden ("The Theory of Spectra and Atomic ConstitutionThree Essays", 1922) from Forest Ray Moulton and Justus J. Schifferes, Eds., Autobiography of Science (New York: Doubleday, 1950)] Hydrogen possesses not only the smallest atomic weight of all the elements, but it also occupies a peculiar position both with regard to its physical and its chemical properties. One of the points where this becomes particularly apparent is the hydrogen line spectrum. The spectrum of hydrogen observed in an ordinary Geissler tube consists of a series of lines, the strongest of which lies at the red end of the spectrum, while the others extend out into the ultra-violet, the distance between the various lines, as well as their intensities, constantly decreasing. In the ultraviolet the series converges to a limit. ... Let us now assume that a hydrogen atom simply consists of an electron revolving around a nucleus of equal and opposite charge, and of a mass which is very large in comparison with that of the electron. It is evident that this assumption may explain the peculiar position already referred to which hydrogen occupies among the elements, but it appears at the outset completely hopeless to attempt to explain anything at all of the special properties of hydrogen, still less its line spectrum, on the basis of considerations relating to such a simple system.

100. Niels Bohr Published by Fysisk Tidsskrift 19, 153. http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/bohr2.html

Niels Bohr (1885-1962) The Structure of the Atom and the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Elements Fysisk Tidsskrift , 153 (1921) translated by A. D. Udden, "The Theory of Spectra and Atomic ConstitutionThree Essays" (Cambridge, 1922) [from Forest Ray Moulton and Justus J. Schifferes, Eds., Autobiography of Science (New York: Doubleday, 1950)] So far as the principles of the quantum theory are concerned, the point which has been emphasized hitherto is the radical departure of these principles from our usual conceptions of mechanical and electrodynamical phenomena. As I have attempted to show in recent years, it appears possible, however, to adopt a point of view which suggests that the quantum theory may, nevertheless, be regarded as a rational generalization of our ordinary conceptions. As may be seen from the postulates of the quantum theory, and particularly the frequency relation, a direct connection between the spectra and the motion of the kind required by the classical dynamics is excluded, but at the same time the form of these postulates leads us to another relation of a remarkable nature. Let us consider an electrodynamic system and inquire into the nature of the radiation which would result from the motion of the system on the basis of the ordinary conceptions. We imagine the motion to be decomposed into purely harmonic oscillations, and the radiation is assumed to consist of the simultaneous emission of series of electromagnetic waves possessing the same frequency as these harmonic components and intensities which depend upon the amplitudes of the components.

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