41. Understand Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift: Geological Mountain Building For Plate tectonic theory grew from Wegener's continental drift hypothesis and is the unifying theory underlying modern geology and geophysics. http://www.suite101.com/content/understand-plate-tectonics-continental-drift-a93

42. Augustana Geology Department Home Page vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology; structural geology; hydrogeology; environmental geology; stratigraphy; geomorphology; and plate tectonics. Geology is http://www.augustana.edu/academics/geology/department/

Summer Course GL105 Introductory Physical Geology in the Rocky Mountains. Limited to incoming first year students! GEOLOGY is the study of the earth, its history and its processes. The discipline of geology addresses the materials which comprise the earth and the processes of earth formation and deformation. Subdisciplines include, but are not limited to: the study of life and evolution; the study of minerals and rocks; processes of tectonic deformation of rocks; and processes of landscape evolution. GEOLOGISTS are responsible for finding economic natural resources, such as minerals, oil, gas, coal, and water, upon which our industrial society depends. Geologists are also responsible for determining how to safely dispose of waste and how to remediate areas contaminated with toxic substances. Thus, geologists are unique in that they occupy both ends of a spectrum within society. Geologists also study the earth's history, including the the evolution of life forms, and Geologists apply such knowledge to interpret other planets, such as Mars in the recent Pathfinder mission. GEOLOGY MAJORS at Augustana study the fundamentals of the science, including mineralogy; igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology; vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology; structural geology; hydrogeology; environmental geology; stratigraphy; geomorphology; and plate tectonics. Geology is an interdisciplinary science, requiring knowledge of fundamentals of physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics. The Geology Department emphasizes field experiences, offering numerous local and distant fieldtrips every year and providing opportunities for student research during the summer and the school year. Geology majors are well-prepared for graduate school in earth and environmental sciences or law, and many majors pursue careers in earth sciences, education, and business. Many geology majors also choose to minor in

43. Strain - Definition It is easy to see that the small deformation formula is the series expansion of the general formula. See also. plate tectonics; geology; engineering http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Strain

Strain - Definition Strain is also a biological term. Strain , in any branch of science dealing with materials and their behaviour, is the geometrical expression of deformation caused by the action of stress on a physical body. Strain therefore expresses itself as a change in size and/or shape. In the case of geological action of the earth, if the release of stress through strain in rocks is sufficiently large, earthquakes may occur. If strain is equal over all parts of the body, it is referred to as homogeneous strain; otherwise, it is inhomogeneous strain. Strain in the Earth resulting from stresses across faults results in motion over the fault surface and a combination of brittle and ductile deformation of the surrounding rocks . Brittle strain is exhibited as fractures, faults and other discontinuous breaks in the fabric of the rock. Ductile strain occurs as shear zones, flow bands and folding Quantifying strain Given that strain results in the deformation of a body, it can be measured by calculating the change in length of a line or by the change in angle between two lines (where these lines are theoretical constructs within the deformed body). The change in length of a line is termed the stretch and may be given by where l is the change in length l is the original undeformed length If e is positive, the body has been lengthened; if it is negative, it has been compressed.

44. The Geological History Of The Earth Moreover, through the action of plate tectonics, geology has kept our planet's climate stable enough for water to remain liquid for the past 4 billion years or more. http://wps.aw.com/bc_bennett_liu_1/4/1046/267968.cw/index.html

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45. 2005 Kashmir Earthquake - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake was a major earthquake centered in Pakistanadministered Kashmir known as Azad Kashmir, near the city of Muzaffarabad, affecting Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake

2005 Kashmir earthquake From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search 2005 Kashmir Earthquake Date October 8, 2005 Magnitude M w Depth 10 km Epicenter location Muzaffarabad , AJK Countries or regions affected Pakistan India Afghanistan Casualties 79,000 dead ( 18th deadliest earthquake of all time 106,000+ injured The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake was a major earthquake centered in Pakistan-administered Kashmir known as Azad Kashmir , near the city of Muzaffarabad , affecting Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . It occurred at 08:52:37 Pakistan Standard Time UTC ) on 8 October 2005. It registered a moment magnitude of 7.6 making it similar in size to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake , the 1935 Quetta earthquake , the 2001 Gujarat earthquake , and the 2009 Sumatra earthquakes . As of 8 November, the government of Pakistan 's official death toll was 75,000. The earthquake also affected countries in the surrounding region where tremors were felt in Tajikistan , western China ; while officials say nearly 1,400 people also died in Indian-administered Kashmir and four people in Afghanistan . The severity of the damage caused by the earthquake is attributed to severe upthrust, coupled with poor construction.

46. I Need Help ASAP! How Does The Slow Movement Of Crustal Plates Change The Earths Question Tagged Science Plate Tectonics Geology Homework Earthquakes, Replies 38 Page 2 http://able2know.org/topic/140073-2

47. Plate Tectonics (From Geology 1404) Spring Semester, 2000 PLATE TECTONICS. Crust of the Earth. All of the solid earth above Moho crust Two distinct types of crust http://blue.utb.edu/paullgj/geog1303/lectures/plate_tectonics.html

(From Geology 1404) Spring Semester, 2000 PLATE TECTONICS Crust of the Earth All of the solid earth above Moho - crust Two distinct types of crust Continental Crust Characteristic Oceanic Crust 35-50 km Thickness 5-12 km Granite (light) Composition Basalt (dark) to 3.8 billion B.P. Geological age to 150,000,000 B.P. Density Ave. +1,000 m Elevation Ave. - 3,000 m No Remelted and destroyed Yes Yes Deformed No Current distribution Origin of continental crust Partial remelting of original oceanic crust Crustal Structures - Faults Hanging wall - mass of rocks that lie above the shear plane Normal fault - Hanging wall goes down in relation to footwall Crust is lengthened Rift zones Reverse fault Hanging wall goes up in relation to shear plane Crust is shortened Converging (compression) zones Thrust faults Very low angle shear plane Oblique normal fault Rotation movement Lateral (strike-slip) fault Sliding blocks, sideways movement Transform plate boundary Crustal Structures - Folds Bending of earth strata Anticlines Uparching of earth strata Oldest material in the center Synclines Downward folded rocks Youngest material is in the center Monocline Single bend to the fold Domes and basins Similar to anticlines and synclines Elliptical to roughly circular in shape "Continental Drift" Sir Francis Bacon - 1620 - first maps of the Atlantic Ocean Noticed parallelism of opposite shores Alfred Wegener - 1915 "The Origin of Oceans and Continents" Super-Continenent of Pangea breaks apart 200,000,000 B.P.

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