41. Onondaga Indians - Canadian History Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/Onondagain

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: September 2004 Onondaga Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Onondagas may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , the Encyclopedia of North American Indians and at the Native American Languages' site] Return to the Index page of Indians of Canada and Quebec Onondaga ' 'on , or on top of the hill or mountain'). An important tribe of the Iroquois confederation, formerly living on the mountain, lake, and creek bearing their name, in the present Onondaga co., N.Y., and extending northward to lake Ontario and southward perhaps to the waters of the Susquehanna. In the Iroquois councils they are known as ' they (are) the name bearers.' Their principal village, also the capital of the confederation, was called Onondaga, later Onondaga Castle; it was situated from before 1654 to 1681 on Indian hill, in the present town of Pompey , and in 1677 contained 140 cabins. It was removed to Butternut cr., where the fort was burned in 1698. In 1720 it was again removed to Onondaga cr., and their present reserve is in that valley, a few miles S. of the lake (Beauchamp

42. Ottawa Indians - Canadian History Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/OttawaIndi

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: October 2004 Ottawa Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Onondagas may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , the Encyclopedia of North American Indians and at the Native American Languages' site] Return to the Index page of Indians of Canada and Quebec Ottawa (from adawe , 'to trade,' 'to buy and sell,' a term common to the Cree, Algonkin, Nipissing, Montagnais, Ottawa, and Chippewa, and applied to the Ottawa because in early traditional times and also during the historic period they were noted among their neighbours as intertribal traders and barterers dealing chiefly in corn-meal, sunflower oil, furs and skins, rugs or mats, tobacco, and medicinal roots and herbs). On French r., near its mouth, on

43. Oneida Indians - Canadian History Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/OneidaIndi

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: September 2004 Oneida Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Oneidas may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , the Encyclopedia of North American Indians and at the Native American Languages' site] Return to the Index page of Indians of Canada and Quebec Oneida In 1687 the Oneida were included in the warrant of the King of Great Britain to Gov. Dongan of New York , authorizing him to protect the Five Nations as subjects of Great Britain . In 1696 Count Frontenac burned the Oneida castle, destroyed all their corn, and made prisoners of 30 men, women and children. In 1645-46 the Oneida were at war with the Nipissing, and one band of 17 warriors from "Ononiiote" defeated an Algonkin party under Teswehat, the one-eyed chief of this people, killing the chief's son and taking 2 women prisoners. This Iroquois party was afterward defeated by 30 Hurons and the 2 women were recaptured. In the Jesuit Relation for 1666-68 Father Bruyas writes that the Oneida were reputed the most cruel of all the Iroquois tribes; that they had always made war on the Algonkin and the Hurons, and that two-thirds of the population of their villages was composed of the people of these two tribes who had become Iroquois in temper and inclination. This missionary adds that the nature of the Oneida was then altogether barbarous, being cruel, sly, cunning, and prone to bloodshed and carnage.

44. Quebec - History A selection of articles related to Quebec History Quebec - History Encyclopedia II - Quebec - History. Quebec - Discovery and exploration. http://www.experiencefestival.com/quebec_-_history

45. Malecite Indians Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/MaleciteIn

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: September 2004 Malecite Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Malecite may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia and at the Native American Languages' site Various explanations of this name have been given. According to Chamberlain it is from their Micmac name Malisit, 'broken talkers'; Tanner gives the form as Mahnesheets, meaning 'slow tongues'; Baraga derives it through the Cree from rnayisit or malisit, ' the disfigured or ugly foot'; Lacombe ( Dict. Cris , 707) agrees with Baraga and gives the etymology as mayi or mal, ' deformed,' and sit ' foot'. Maurault's explanation is radically different from all, as he says it is from Maroudit or Malouidit

46. Micmac Indians Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/MicmacIndi

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: September 2004 Micmac Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Micmacs may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , the Encyclopedia of North American Indians and at the Native American Languages' site Micmac Migmak , 'allies' ; Nipmak, According to Rand ( Micmac First Reading Book , 1875), they divided their country, which they called Megumage, into 7 districts, the head chief living in the Cape Breton district. The other six were Pictou, Memramcook, Restigouche, Eskegawaage, Shubenacadie, and Annapolis. The first three of these formed a group known as Siguniktawak; the other three formed another group known as Kespoogwit. In 1760 the Micmac bands or villages were given as Le Have, Miramichi, Tabogimkik, Pohomoosh, Gediak (Shediac), Pictou, Kashpugowitk (Kespoogwit), Chignecto, Isle of St. Johns, (Prince Edward id.), Nalkitgoniash, Cape Breton, Minas, Chigabennakadik (Shubenacadie), Keshpugowitk (Kespoogwit, duplicated), and Rishebouctou (Richibucto). The Gaspesians are a band of Micmac differing somewhat in dialect from the rest of the tribe. In 1611 Biard estimated the Micmac at 3,000 to 3,500. In 1760 they were reported at nearly 3,000, but had been lately much wasted by sickness. In 1766 they were again estimated at 3,500; in 1880 they were officially reported at 3,892, and in 1884 at 4,037. Of these, 2,197 were in Nova Scotia, 933 in New Brunswick , 615 in Quebec, and 292 on Prince Edward id. In 1911, according to the

47. YouTube - Québec History 5 - The End Of The Iroquois Wars Qu bec a Nation History (Part 5) The End of the Iroquois Wars The beaver wars, also called the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars, commonly refer to a brutal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTXRGwTmiM4

48. Mohawk Indians Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/MohawkIndi

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: September 2004 Mohawk Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [There are inconsistencies, as well as value judgments, in the text below that inevitably raise questions. The reader might want to consult the text on Iroquois History found at the First Nations/First Issues site; much information is also available at this site . Further information on the Mohawks may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , the Encyclopedia of North American Indians and at the Native American Languages' site Mohawk (cognate with the Narraganset Mohowauuck , 'they eat (animate) things,' hence 'man-eaters'). The most easterly tribe of the Iroquois confederation. They called themselves Kaniengehaga, 'people of the place of the flint.' In the federal council and in other intertribal assemblies the Mohawk sit with the tribal phratry, which is formally called the "Three Elder Brothers" and of which the other members are the Seneca and the Onondaga. Like the Oneida , the Mohawk have only 3 clans, namely, the Bear, the Wolf, and the Turtle. The tribe is represented in the federal council by 9 chiefs of the rank of

49. Le Carnaval De Quebec: Carnival's History Qu bec City, the world's snow capital, held its first winter carnival in 1894. Since 1955 the carnival has been recognized as the largest winter carnival and the 3rd largest http://www.ijs.k12.nf.ca/projects/voyageur/quebec/history.htm

The palaces are now attracting more visitors than ever before! People come from all over to admire their beauty. Carnival's History Carnival's Activities Bonhomme More Information ... Main Page

50. Chippewaindians Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/chippewain

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: Chippewa Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Chippewa may be found at the Canadian Encyclopedia site and in the Encyclopedia of North American Indians Chippewa (popular adaptation of Ojibway, 'to roast till puckered up,' referring to the puckered seam on their moccasins; from ojib 'to pucker-up,' ub-way 'to roast'). One of the largest tribes N. of Mexico, whose range was formerly along both shores of lake Huron and lake Superior, extending across Minnesota to Turtle mt., Manitoba . Although strong in numbers and occupying an extensive territory, the Chippewa were never prominent in history, owing to their remoteness from the frontier during the period of the colonial wars. According to tradition they are part of an Algonquian body, including the Ottawa and Potawatomi, which separated into divisions when it reached Mackinaw in its westward movement, having come from some point N. or N. E. of Mackinaw. Warren (

51. History - Independence Of Québec Claude B langer, Les Acadiens / Acadians, Marianopolis College's Quebec History site Daniel L. Robichaud Cyberacadie.com L' Acadie au bout des doigts (in French) http://english.republiquelibre.org/History

52. Creeindians Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/creeindian

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: Cree Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Cree may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , the Encyclopedia of North American Indians and at the Native Languages of the Americas site Cree (contracted from Kristinaux, French form of Kenistenoag, given as one of their own names). An important Algonquian tribe of British America whose former habitat was in Manitoba and Saskatchewan , between Red and Saskatchewan rs. They ranged northeastward down Nelson r, to the vicinity of Hudson bay , and northwestward almost to Athabaska lake. When they first became known to the Jesuit missionaries a part of them resided in the region of James bay, as it is stated as early as 1640 that "they dwell on the rivers of the north sea where Nipissings go to trade with them"; but the Jesuit Relations of 1661 and 1667 indicate a region farther to the N. W. as the home of the larger part of the tribe. A portion of the Cree, as appears from the tradition given by Lacombe ( Dict. Lang

53. Montagnais Innu Indians Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/Montagnais

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: September 2004 Montagnais [Innu] Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [The Montagnais are today better known as the Innu nation. Information about their language may be found at the Native Languages of the Americas' site ; several texts are posted at the Innu nation site on the subjects of Innu history and culture ; other information is found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , at the Encyclopedia of North American Indians , and at the archaeology site Montagnais Consult Chamberlain in Ann. Archaeol. Rep. Ontario 1905, 122, 1906. Source: James WHITE, ed., Handbook of Indians of Canada , Published as an Appendix to the Tenth Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, Ottawa, 1913, 632p., pp. 312-313.

54. Naskapi Indians - Canadian History Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/NaskapiInd

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: September 2004 Naskapi Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Naskapi may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia and at the Native American Languages' site Return to the Index page of Indians of Canada and Quebec Naskapi The Naskapi suspend the bodies of their dead from branches of trees if the ground be much frozen, and endeavour to return when the weather is warm to bury them. Interment, however, has been practised only since the advent of missionaries. A man of distinction is often buried at once, after a fire has been built in a tipi to thaw the earth. They have no horror for the dead, having been known, it is said, to rob [Inuit] corpses of their clothing and accompanying implements. Like other Indians, the Naskapi believe that every object, animate or inanimate, is possessed of a form of spirit which, in order that it may perform its services for the welfare of the people, must be propitiated with acceptable offerings. The medicine-men are supposed to be in direct contact with all forms of spirits, and are consulted when it is desired to overcome their baneful influence by means of the shaman's art.

55. Seneca Indians - Canadian History Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/SenecaIndi

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: Seneca Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Seneca may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , the Encyclopedia of North American Indians and at the Native American Languages ' site] Seneca ('place of the stone,' the Anglicized form of the Dutch enunciation, of the Mohegan rendering of the Iroquoian ethnic appelative Oneida, or, strictly, Oneniute'a'ka', and with a different ethnic suffix, Oneniute'-ron'non' Ka'nho'hwhdji'go'na' by the Onondaga. In historical times the Seneca have been by far the most populous of the five tribes originally comprising the League of the Iroquois. The Seneca belong in the federal organization to the tribal phratry known by the political name Hondonnin"

56. Integrating Quebec History Into The Curriculum.(Pedagogical Forum) - Quebec Stud Integrating Quebec history into the curriculum.(Pedagogical Forum) find Quebec Studies articles. div id= bedoc-text IntroductionThis article is intended to suggest ways http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-167585200.html

Research articles and archives from 6,500+ publications Please enter a keyword above. Log in Free trial What's in a free trial Help ... Articles Academic magazines Humanities magazines Quebec Studies articles March 2006 Article: Integrating Quebec history into the curriculum.(Pedagogical Forum) Article from: Quebec Studies Article date: March 22, 2006 Author: Customer Support Related articles Introduction This article is intended to suggest ways to introduce American university students to Quebec history. Rather than giving a general presentation of Quebec historiography, we will begin by indicating how to show young Americans that Quebec history is both an interesting and enjoyable subject. For those students who know very little about Quebec, it is perhaps useful to underscore historical linkages between Quebec and the United States, which is the objective of the first part of the text. For more advanced students, who already have some grasp of Quebec history and culture, the second section will address a certain number of questions and debates on Quebec history. Bibliographic references are given in English when possible. It is necessary to stress, however, that the ability to read French is a prerequisite for pursuing more advanced study in Quebec history because many major works on Quebec history have not been translated into English. Furthermore, consulting only English-language sources sometimes gives a narrow and partial image of certain key topics.

57. Iroquois Indians Article on the confederacy from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/IroquoisIn

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: September 2004 Iroquois Indians [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico [Further information on the Iroquois may be found in the Canadian Encyclopedia , the Encyclopedia of North American Indians and at the Native American Languages' site Iroquois (Algonkin: Iri n akhoiw, ' real adders,' with the French suffix - ois ). The confederation of Iroquoian tribes known in history among other names, by that of the Five Nations, comprising the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. Their name for themselves an a political body was In Ontario : Iroquois and Algonkin at Watha (Gibson), 130 (about one-half Iroquois); Mohawk of the Bay of Quinte , 1,343; Oneida of the Thames, 777; Six Nations on Grand r., 4,299 (Mohawk, 1,867; Oneida , 362; Onondaga, 367; Tuscarora, 421; Cayuga, 1,063; Seneca, 219). In Quebec : Iroquois of Caughnawaga, 2,240; of St. Regis, 1,515; of Lake of Two Mountains , 434. There are also Iroquois in the Michel reserve, W. of Edmonton, Alta. It is interesting to note that they are the descendants of the voyageurs of the North West and Hudson 's Bay companies. Total in Canada , about 10,738.

58. Quebec History | IExplore The Columbus World Travel Guide has been published for 26 years and is sold in over 90 countries worldwide. http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Quebec/History

59. Passamaquoddy - Indian History Article on the tribe from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/Passamaquo

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: October 2004 Passamaquoddy [This text was originally published in 1907 by the Bureau of American Ethnology as part of its Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico Passamaquoddy , 'plenty of Pollock.' - Gatschet). A small tribe belonging to the Abnaki confederacy, but speaking nearly the same dialect as the Malecite. They formerly occupied all the region about Passamaquoddy bay and on St. Croix r. and Schoodic lake, on the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick . Their principal village was Gunasquamekook, on the site of St. Andrews , N. B. They were restricted by the pressure of the white settlements, and in 1886 were settled chiefly at Sebaik, near Perry, on the S. side of the bay, and on Lewis id. They had other villages at Calais , on Schoodic lake in Washington co

60. Thayendanadea - Joseph Brant Article on Thayendanadea (Joseph Brant) from the Handbook of Indians of Canada. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/Thayendana

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: January 2005 Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant) 'He sets or places together two bets,' referring to the custom of fastening together the articles of approximate value placed as wagers by two phratries in tribal contests. The elements are t for te ' two'; ha ' he-it';' yenda' ' a wager'; -ne'ke n' Back to the Indians of Canada and Quebec page Source : Geographic Board of Canada, Handbook of Indians of Canada , Published as an Appendix to the Tenth Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, Ottawa , 1913, 632p., pp. 452-453.

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