21. Extended Definitions: Example Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a congenital hemolytic anemia that occurs primarily but not exclusively in Blacks. The condition results from a defective hemoglobin http://www.io.com/~hcexres/textbook/def_ex.html

Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a congenital hemolytic anemia that occurs primarily but not exclusively in Blacks. The condition results from a defective hemoglobin molecule (hemoglobin S) which causes red blood cells (RBCs) to roughen and become sickle-shaped. Such cells impair circulation, resulting in chronic ill health (fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and swollen joints), periodic crises, long-term complications, and premature death. At present, only symptomatic treatment is available. Half of such patients die by their early 20s; few live to middle age. Causes and Incidence Sickle cell anemia results from homozygous inheritance of the hemoglobin S-producing gene, which causes substitution of the amino acid valine for glutamic acid in the B hemoglobin chain. Heterozygous inheritance of this gene results in sickle cell trait, generally an asymptomatic condition. Sickle cell anemia is most common in tropical Africans and in persons of African descent. About 1 in 10 Afro-Americans carries the abnormal gene. If two such carriers have offspring, there is a 1 in 4 chance that each child will have the disease. Overall, 1 in every 400 to 600 Black children has sickle cell anemia. This disease also occurs in Puerto Rico, Turkey, India, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean area. Possibly, the defective hemoglobin S-producing gene has persisted because in areas where malaria is endemic, the heterozygous sickle cell trait provides resistance to malaria and is actually beneficial.

22. Topic Tracks - Sickle Cell Anemia This guide is an introductory list to help locate research materials at the Rowland Medical Library. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the red blood http://www.library.umc.edu/TopicTracks/tt-sicklecell.html

Sickle Cell Anemia This guide is an introductory list to help locate research materials at the Rowland Medical Library . Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the red blood cells become rigid and shaped like crescents or sickles rather than being flexible and round. These changes in the red blood cells may result in painful attacks called sickle cell crisis as well as leading to long-term complications such as stroke or an impaired immune system. Approximately 2 million Americans are carriers of the sickle cell trait. An additional 72,000 Americans have sickle cell anemia meaning they have inherited the trait from both parents. Sickle cell anemia cannot be cured but treatments are available for symptoms. Guides Handbooks, encyclopedias, dictionaries Selected textbooks More books ... Selected electronic sources Guides Genetic disorders sourcebook: basic information about heritable diseases and disorders.. . 2nd ed.p.291-325 CONSUMER HEALTH QZ 50 G4623 2000 Ethnic diseases sourcebook . p.125-34. CONSUMER HEALTH QZ 39 E836 2001 NORD guide to rare disorders . p.372-3. REF QZ 39 N274 2003 Handbooks, encyclopedias, dictionaries

23. Smiles For Miles! - Home Factsheet on sickle cell anemia created by friends of Miles, a high school sophomore with the disease. http://www.smilezfomilez.webs.com

var fw_a_cats = ['0-1','13'];var fw_a_sizes = ['728x90'];var fw_a_slots = ['user_728x90']; Smiles For Miles! Home What Is SickleCellAnemia Diagnosis of SCA ... Sources Sickle-Cell Anemia Welcome to Smiles For Miles! Prompted by a project in our biology class, this page is published to raise awareness about the genetic disease, sickle cell anemia. Miles A+ ' on our work! Smile for Miles! Katie and Ciara ATTENTION! ATTENTION! (may I have all your eyes and ears to the front of the room...) Katie and Ciara have officially received their final grade on this project: Some of the RAVE REVIEWS for this site included as far as conveying accurate information and presenting a message proven with scientific research Excellent explaination of condition! explaining the condition and its key symptoms Great stuff explaination of what it would be like to have a child, sibling, friend, etc. with the condition Great tree When asked the think on our feet nice working We went above and beyond the necessary THANK YOU, MR. SKOWRONSKI!!!!! :D is S o

24. Sickle Cell Anemia, Signs And Symptoms The signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia are different in each person. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_SignsAndSymptoms.html

DCI Home Blood Diseases Sickle Cell Anemia What Is ... ... Links What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia? The signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia vary. Some people have mild symptoms. Others have very severe symptoms and often are hospitalized for treatment. Sickle cell anemia is present at birth, but many infants don't show any signs until after 4 months of age. The most common signs and symptoms are linked to anemia and pain. Other signs and symptoms are linked to the disease's complications. Signs and Symptoms Related to Anemia The most common symptom of anemia is fatigue (feeling tired or weak). Other signs and symptoms of anemia may include: Shortness of breath Dizziness Headaches Coldness in the hands and feet Paler than normal skin or mucous membranes (the tissue that lines your nose, mouth, and other organs and body cavities) Signs and Symptoms Related to Pain Sudden pain throughout the body is a common symptom of sickle cell anemia. This pain is called a sickle cell crisis. Sickle cell crises often affect the bones, lungs, abdomen, and joints. These crises occur when sickled red blood cells form clumps in the bloodstream. (Other cells also may play a role in this clumping process.) These clumps of cells stick to small blood vessels and block blood flow to the limbs and organs. This can cause pain and organ damage.

25. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA ... - Oprah.com Starting this discussion page is going to prove a point, even if only to myself. Nobody Cares About Sickle Cell Disease! Why do I say this? Because when I bring up the topic, most http://www.oprah.com/community/thread/111420

26. Carolina Wren Press » New Authors, New Audiences Nonprofit publisher whose Lollipop Power Books specialize in multicultural, bilingual, nonsexist, and nontraditional children s books. Publishes Puzzles, the story of a ten-year-old girl with sickle cell anemia. http://www.carolinawrenpress.org/

Carolina Wren Press Books for children specializing in multicultural, nonsexist, and nontraditional content are published under the name Lollipop Power Titles Welcome to the Carolina Wren Press New Nonfiction, Poetry and Children's Books Living Above the Frost Line: New and Selected Poems by Nancy Simpson Laureate Series (2010) All Eyes A Mother's Struggle to Save Her Schizophrenic Son by Phoebe Hoss and Aeneas stares into her helmet by Tiffany Higgins. Winner of the 2008 Carolina Wren Press Poetry Contest Punish honey by Karen Leona Anderson Carolina Wren Press Poetry Series #12 Peace Comes to Ajani by Keith Kelly Announcements Follow us on Facebook For up-to-date information, please become a fan of Carolina Wren Press on Facebook 2011 Poetry Book Contest Our next poetry book contest will take submissions with a deadline of 2/15/2011. Judge: Lee Ann Brown. Click here for full guidelines 2009 Poetry Contest Results And the winner is.... Aviaries by Yvonne Murphy click here for more information The North Carolina Alphabet The North Carolina Alphabet book is available at only $8.95!

27. Sickle Cell Disease Association Of America SCDAA Home Education, advocacy and other initiatives which promote awareness and support for sickle cell programs and patients. http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/

SCDAA Home About SCDAA About Sickle Cell Disease Member Organizations ... Memorial Page SCDAA Mailing List: President's Corner Statement from Sonja L. Banks SAVE THE DATE SCDAA ... 38th Annual Convention September 21-24, 2010 Washington D.C. NEWS EVENTS/RESOURCES RESOURCES Blood Drives For more information go to: www.3lives.com National Sickle Cell Disease Awareness Month Public Service Announcements Silent Suffering Face It Together Face the Facts SCDAA National Office Announces Leadership Change NHLBI stops study of treatment for pulmonary hypertension in patients with SCD due to safety concerns Swine Flu Outbreak SCDAA Press Release: MAY 4, 2009 SCDAA responds to Collegiate Sickle Cell Trait Testing" SCDAA PRESS RELEASE: Lanetta Jordan, MD, MPH, MSPH, Chief Medical Officer, Sickle Cell Disease Association of America. 2009 SCDAA Poster Child Giovanna Poli click here to enlarge photo/pdf Watch Giovanna Poli talk about herself and Sickle Cell Disease on Youtube "President Obama greets SCDAA 2008 National Poster Child" click here to enlarge photo/pdf President Obama, Gabriel George, 2008 Poster Child, Dr. Willarda Edwards, former President COO of SCDAA, Shelly George, mother of the Poster Child, Linda Wade, Executive Director of the Marc Thomas Chapter of Sickle Cell Disease, who nominated Gabriel for Poster Child, her daughter , Alysian Janae Thomas, and Shirley Miller, SCDAA Board Member.

28. Sickle Cell Anemia Overview of sickle cell anemia, an inherited disorder that leads to the production of an abnormal hemoglobin variant, and related tests http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/sickle-2.html

29. Nevada Childhood Cancer Foundation - Welcome! Organization provides social, emotional, psychological and educational support for families of children with critical illnesses including HIV/AIDS, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, cancer, and immunological and renal diseases. http://nvccf.org/

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30. Human Gene Testing - Summary Article by Drs. Stuart Orkin and Gary Felsenfeld describing how basic research led to genetic testing, including how the discoveries of DNA, restriction enzymes, cloning, and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) make tests for diseases like sickle-cell anemia and breast cancer possible. http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=239

31. Sickle Cell Anemia: Symptoms - MayoClinic.com Sickle cell anemia — Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of this blood disorder. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324/DSECTION=symptoms

32. Sickle Cell Anemia (Sickle Cell Disease) Causes, Diagnosis Read about sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease), a blood disease which shortens life expectancy, is cause by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin. Symptoms may include http://www.medicinenet.com/sickle_cell/article.htm

MedicineNet.com About Us Site Map November 16, 2010 Home Slideshow Pictures Image ... Pet Health Slideshows Featured Slideshow Colorectal Cancer Understanding Cancer of the Colon View Slideshow Image Collection ... Additional Skin Conditions Featured Image Picture of Psoriasis A reddish, scaly rash often located over the surfaces of the elbows, knees, scalp, and around or in the ears, navel, genitals or buttocks... View Image Gallery Pet Health ... Cat Health Featured Slideshow Get the Facts View Slideshow home chronic pain center ... sickle cell index sickle cell article Font Size A A A Sickle Cell Index ... Find a Local Doctor Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia) Medical Author: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR What is sickle cell anemia? How is sickle cell anemia inherited? What conditions promote the sickling (distortion) of the red blood cells in sickle cell anemia? ... a local Hematologist in your town What is sickle cell anemia? Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is a disorder of the blood caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin (an oxygen-carrying protein within the red blood cells). The abnormal hemoglobin causes distorted (sickled) red blood cells. The sickled red blood cells are fragile and prone to rupture. When the number of red blood cells decreases from rupture (hemolysis)

33. What Is Sickle Cell Disease If one parent has Sickle Cell Anemia and the other is Normal, all of the children will have sickle cell trait. If one parent has Sickle Cell Anemia and the other has Sickle Cell http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/about_scd/index.phtml

About Sickle Cell Disease SCDAA Home About SCDAA About Sickle Cell Disease Who Is Affected ... Memorial Page What is Sickle Cell Disease? Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin* S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sometimes these red blood cells become sickle-shaped (crescent shaped) and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels. Normal red blood cell Sickle-shaped red blood cell When sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can reach that part of the body. Tissue that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the complications of sickle cell disease. There is currently no universal cure for sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin – is the main substance of the red blood cell. It helps red blood cells carry oxygen from the air in our lungs to all parts of the body. Normal red blood cells contain hemoglobin A. Hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C are abnormal types of hemoglobin. Normal red blood cells are soft and round and can squeeze through tiny blood tubes (vessels). Normally, red blood cells live for about 120 days before new ones replace them. People with sickle cell conditions make a different form of hemoglobin A called hemoglobin S (S stands for sickle). Red blood cells containing mostly hemoglobin S do not live as long as normal red blood cells (normally about 16 days). They also become stiff, distorted in shape and have difficulty passing through the body’s small blood vessels. When sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can reach that part of the body. Tissue that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the complications of sickle cell disease.

34. Sickle Cell Anemia: EMedicine Hematology Overview Sickle cell disease (SCD) and its variants are genetic disorders of mutant hemoglobins (Hb). The most common form found in North America is homozygous Hb S disease http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/205926-overview

35. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia — Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of this blood disorder. http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324.html

36. Sickle Cell Anemia Disease Profile Images of all 24 human chromosomes and different genes that have been mapped to them. Free wall poster available from Web site. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/sca.shtml

Human Genome Project Information Genomic Science Program DOE Microbial Genomics home The U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research program funds this site. Genetic Disease Profile: Sickle Cell Anemia For more about the gene that causes sickle cell anemia, see the HBB Gene Profile . The following was adapted from NIH Publication No. 96-4057. Sickle Cell Timeline - Herrick provides the first formal description of sickle cell anemia when he reports that the blood smear of a dental student at the Chicago College of Dental Surgery contains "pear-shaped and elongated forms." - Hahn and Gillespie associate the sickling of red blood cells with low oxygen conditions. - Sherman reports that the sickling of red blood cells in the absence of oxygen is caused by a change in the hemoglobin molecule structure. - Watson suggests that the presence of fetal hemoglobin in the red blood cells of sickle cell newborns is the reason they do not show disease symptoms. - Noted physical chemist Linus Pauling and associates publish "Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease" in

37. Sickle Cell Anemia: EMedicine Pediatrics: General Medicine Overview Sickle cell disease denotes all genotypes that contain at least 1 sickle gene in which hemoglobin (Hb)S makes up at least half of the Hb present. In addition to http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/958614-overview

38. Sickle Cell Anemia Overview of sickle cell anemia, an inherited disorder that leads to the production of an abnormal hemoglobin variant, and related tests http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/sickle.html

39. Sickle Cell Anemia - Information About Sickle Cell Anemia Information about sickle cell anemia including its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. http://rarediseases.about.com/od/rarediseasess/a/sicklecell.htm

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Health Rare Diseases Rare Diseases Search Rare Diseases Diseases A-Z Pediatric Diseases In the News ... Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Discuss in our Forum Apply now to guide this site Inherited blood disorder causes anemia and pain From Mary Kugler, R.N. , former About.com Guide Updated July 27, 2009 About.com Health's Disease and Condition content is reviewed by our Medical Review Board See More About: blood cell disorders genetic disorders anemia Sickled red blood cells National Institutes of Health zSB(3,3) Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder. Its main symptoms are long-term (chronic) anemia and episodes of pain. In the disorder, hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, are defective. These defective molecules cause some of the red blood cells to change and form a sickle shape. These abnormally-shaped blood cells are the source of the anemia and pain. Sickle cell anemia occurs worldwide Sickle cell anemia is common among people whose ancestors come from sub-Saharan Africa, Spanish speaking regions of the world (South America, Cuba, and Central America), Saudi Arabia, India, and Mediterranean countries such as Turkey, Sicily, Greece, and Italy.

40. Sickle Cell Anemia: Treatment, Symptoms, Cause, Prevention, Complications, Stati Sickle Cell Anemia treatment, symptoms, cause, prevention, complications, statistics, longterm outlook http://www.mamashealth.com/sickle_cell.asp

Blood Diseases Agnogenic Metaplasia Amyloidosis Aplastic Anemia Blood Transfusion ... Wegener's Granulomatosis Links Email Mama How to Switch Careers in Midlife What is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle Cell is an inherited, chronic blood disease where the red blood cells become crescent shaped and function abnormally. When the blood cells become cresent/sickle shaped, they are unable to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to other cells. The Sickle Cell Disease results in anemia (low blood counts), episodes of pain and increased susceptibility to infections. Sickle Cell produces a chronic anemia which may become life-threatening when hemolytic crises (the breakdown of red blood cells) or aplastic crises (bone marrow fails to produce blood cells) occur. If repeated crises occurs, damage of the kidneys lungs , bone, liver , and central nervous system may result. Occasionally, acute painful episodes may occur. These acute episodes may last hours to days affecting the bones of the back, the long bones , and the chest.

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