41. Sickle Cell Anemia - Case Study Collection - National Center For Case Study Teac Case Teaching Notes for Sickle Cell Anemia, by Debra Stamper, Department of Biology, King's College. From the Case Study Collection of the National Center for Case Study http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/sickle_cell1.html

Sickle Cell Anemia Section 1: The Inquiry Begins by Debra Stamper Department of Biology King's College It was a brisk fall day in Bostonthe type of day that Dr. William Castle preferred to start with a cup of coffee while he caught up on his correspondence, which often appeared to be an endless task. As a faculty member of Harvard Medical School, he had always received a fair amount of inquiries, but after he had published his data indicating that pernicious anemia was due to a vitamin B12 deficiency, the amount of mail he received was sometimes overwhelming. Sitting in his reclining chair he sorted through the large pile that had accumulated. He began to meticulously segregate it into smaller piles he would open in a prescribed order. Usually the delegation of a particular envelope was a relatively easy choice. There were a few that caused him to pause for a moment, such as the one he was currently holding. The return address indicated it was from an Irving Sherman at Johns Hopkins University. Since it was from someone he had never heard of, he was inclined to place it in the pile to be opened later. But on this day he decided to take another sip of coffee and see what Mr. Sherman had to say. "Well, this may have some merit," Dr. Castle mused to himself. He recognized that these results indicated it was likely that there was a difference in one or more molecules found either in the blood or within the red blood cells. Since sickle cell anemia was named due to the change in the shape of the red blood cells, the molecule involved was most likely within the red blood cells. Dr. Castle placed the letter in a conspicuous place on his desk so that he would remember to send a reply to the ambitious student.

42. NIH Office Of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) - Error A US Department of Health and Human Service project providing information on genetic and rare diseases. A comprehensive body of resources on Sickle cell anemia http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?PageID=4&diseaseID=8614

43. Sickle Cell Anemia Gene Images of all 24 human chromosomes and different genes that have been mapped to them. Free wall poster available from Web site. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/hbb.shtml

Human Genome Project Information Genomic Science Program DOE Microbial Genomics home The U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research program funds this site. HBB: The Gene Associated with Sickle Cell Anemia Approximate gene location is based on Chromosome 11 map from NCBI Entrez Map Viewer. Official Gene Symbol: HBB Name of Gene Product: hemoglobin, beta Alternate Name of Gene Product: beta globin Locus: 11p15.5 - The HBB gene is found in region 15.5 on the short (p) arm of human chromosome 11. Gene Structure: The normal allelic variant for this gene is 1600 base pairs (bp) long and contains three exons. mRNA: The intron-free mRNA transcript for the HBB gene is 626 base pairs long. See the NCBI sequence record to access the mRNA sequence data. Coding Sequence (CDS): 444 base pairs within the mRNA code for the amino acid sequence of the gene's protein product. Protein Size: The HBB protein is 146 amino acids long and has a molecular weight of 15,867 Da. See the annotated HBB protein sequence

44. What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell anemia is a disease passed down through families in which red blood cells are an abnormal crescent shape. (Red blood cells are normally shaped like a disc.) http://www.medhelp.org/medical-information/show/1216/sickle-cell-anemia

Sickle cell anemia Information, Symptoms, Treatments and Resources Overview Information Posts Forums ... Members Table of contents Definition Alternative Names Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Next Definition Sickle cell anemia is a disease passed down through families in which red blood cells are an abnormal crescent shape. (Red blood cells are normally shaped like a disc.) Alternative Names Anemia - sickle cell; Hemoglobin SS disease (Hb SS); Sickle cell disease Causes, incidence, and risk factors Sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin is a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen. Hemoglobin S, however, distorts the red blood cells' shape. The fragile, sickle-shaped cells deliver less oxygen to the body's tissues, and can break into pieces that disrupt blood flow. Sickle cell anemia is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. This means it occurs in someone who has inherited hemoglobin S from both parents. Sickle cell disease is much more common in certain ethnic groups, affecting approximately one out of every 500 African Americans. Someone who inherits hemoglobin S from one parent and normal hemoglobin (A) from the other parent will have sickle cell trait . Someone who inherits hemoglobin S from one parent and another type of abnormal hemoglobin from the other parent will have another form of sickle cell disease, such as

45. Sickle Cell Anemia - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Of Sickle Cell Anemia - NY T Free articles and multimedia from The NY Times, including information on symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, tests, and surgical procedures, as well as current news and interviews http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/sickle-cell-anemia/overview.html

46. Sickle Cell Anemia Penn State Hershey Medical Center provides world class care and services to patients. http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/s/sicklecell.htm

47. Sickle Cell Anemia The clinical course of sickle cell anemia does not follow a single pattern; some patients have mild symptoms, and some have very severe symptoms. http://www.fbhc.org/Patients/Modules/sicklecell.cfm

Sickle Cell Anemia What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? What Causes Sickle Cell Anemia? How Common Is Sickle Cell Anemia? What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia? ... More Information The clinical course of sickle cell anemia does not follow a single pattern; some patients have mild symptoms, and some have very severe symptoms... Select A Topic Aging and Your Eyes Alzheimer's Disease Anxiety Disorders Appendicitis Arthritis Asthma Breast Cancer Cataract Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Cirrhosis The Common Cold Constipation Coronary Heart Disease Depression Diabetes Diarrhea Endometriosis Epilepsy Food Allergy Gallstones Glaucoma HIV/AIDS Headache Heartburn (GERD) Heart Failure Hemorrhoids Hepatitis C High Blood Pressure Hormone Replacement Indigestion Influenza Inguinal Hernia Irritable Bowel Syndrome Kidney Stones Lactose Intolerance Liver Transplantation Lyme Disease Medicines/Digestive System Menopause Osteoporosis Pancreatitis Peptic Ulcers Pneumonia Prevention Restless Legs Syndrome SIDS Scoliosis In Children Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sickle Cell Anemia Skin Care and Aging Sleep Apnea Smoking/Digestive System Stroke Tuberculosis Urinary Tract Infection Your Digestive System Email Alerts Join our email group to receive updated information on this topic.

48. Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell anemia The person has most or all of the normal hemoglobin (HbA) replaced with the sickle hemoglobin (HbS). This is referred to as HbSS. http://www.umm.edu/blood/sickle.htm

Skip to content Information For Referring Physicians Nurses ... Connect With UMMC Connect with UMMC Email this page Print this page Blood Diseases Blood Disorders Donations / Banking Facts About Blood ... Site Index Related Resources Hematology Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Blood Diseases Anemias Anemias Overview of Anemia Aplastic Anemia Hemolytic Anemia ... Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Disease What is sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder characterized by defective hemoglobin. It affects millions of people throughout the world and approximately 72,000 people in the US. It is present in one in every 500 African-American births. Normal hemoglobin cells are smooth and round, allowing for ease in moving through blood vessels. Sickle cell hemoglobin molecules are stiff and form into the shape of a sickle or a scythe. They tend to cluster together, and cannot easily move through blood vessels. The cluster causes a blockage and stops the movement of oxygen-carrying blood. Sickle cells die after about 10 to 20 days, unlike normal hemoglobin cells, which live for up to 120 days. This results in a chronic short supply of red blood cells, which causes anemia. The most common variations of the sickle cell gene include the following: Sickle cell trait The person is carrying the defective gene, HbS, but also has some normal hemoglobin, HbA. This is referred to as HbAS. Persons with sickle cell trait are usually without symptoms of the disease. Mild anemia may occur. Under intense, stressful conditions, exhaustion, hypoxia (low oxygen), and/or severe infection, the sickling of the defective hemoglobin may occur and result in some complications associated with the sickle cell disease.

49. Sickle Cell Disease: Information From Answers.com Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia . N. Engl. J. Med. 332 (20) 1317–22. doi 10.1056/NEJM199505183322001. http://www.answers.com/topic/sickle-cell-anaemia

var isReferenceAnswers = true; BodyLoad('s'); On this page Library Animal Life Health History, Politics, Society ... Technology sickle cell disease Encyclopedia of Public Health: Sickle Cell Disease Home Library Health Public Health Encyclopedia The sickle gene, and genes that interact with it, are common in a number of different populations, but the highest gene frequencies are observed in Africa. The gene is also found in southern Europe, the Middle East, and India. A single dose of the sickle gene provides protection against malaria. Since malaria was a major cause of death in Africa, persons who carried the sickle gene had a survival advantage over those who did not. Thus, the number of persons carrying this mutation has tended to increase generation after generation in areas where malaria was a major killer. Among African Americans, approximately 7.8 percent are carriers of the sickle mutation, that is, they have sickle cell trait; while 2.3 percent have hemoglobin C trait (one copy of the hemoglobin C gene); and0.8 percent have ß-thalassemia trait. Although a single copy of the hemoglobin S gene is quite harmless, if a person inherits two copies of the hemoglobin S genes, he or she will have sickle cell disease. If one hemoglobin S gene and one hemoglobin C gene are inherited, the patient has hemoglobin S-C disease. Coinheritance of the beta-thalassemia and sickle hemoglobin result in sickle cell thalassemia. Patients with these three disorders have a similar clinical disease. Anemia occurs as a result of the rapid destruction of red blood cells. The red cells may have the shape of sickles, hence the term "sickle cell disease." However, the cells may assume may other forms. The misshapen red cells occlude blood vessels and cause pain and even tissue death.

50. Sickle Cell Anemia - [Alternative Medicine] About sickle cell anemia Anemia is a deficiency of the oxygencarrying capacity of red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited chronic anemia in which the red blood http://www.peacehealth.org/kbase/cam/hn-1273007.htm

Sickle Cell Anemia Alternative Medicine The following information is specific for alternative and complementary medicine. For additional evidence-based information on diseases, conditions, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and wellness issues, continue searching the Healthwise Knowledgebase Also indexed as: Crescent Cell Anemia, Sickle Cell Disease Overview What you need to know Get support for sickle cell anemia by focusing on your unique nutritional needs. According to research or other evidence, the following self-care steps may help you manage this kind of chronic anemia: Fight back with fish oil Reduce the frequency of severe pain episodes by taking a daily fish oil supplement providing 33 mg of EPA and 23 mg of DHA for every 2.2 pounds of body weight Think zinc Under the supervision of a doctor, take a daily supplement of 100 mg of zinc, plus 2 mg of copper, to help prevent cell damage and speed healing of leg ulcers associated with sickle cell anemia Fill up on fluids Drink plenty of water and other fluids to maintain good circulation Take a test Have your blood homocysteine levels checked to find out if daily folic acid supplements of 1 to 4 mg are right for you, or to discover if you have a vitamin B12 deficiency that requires treatment

51. Sickle Cell Anemia A Case Study Approach To Teaching High School Sickle Cell Anemia A Case Study Approach to Teaching High School Genetics Developed by Jeanne Ting Chowning, BioLab in partnership with The GENETICS Project Provided by The http://genetics-education-partnership.mbt.washington.edu/download/sicklecell.pdf

52. Sickle Cell Disease - Genetics Home Reference In sickle cell anemia, which is a common form of sickle cell disease, hemoglobin S replaces both betaglobin subunits in hemoglobin. In other types of sickle cell disease, just http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=sicklecelldisease

About Site Map Contact Us Search A service of the Home Conditions Genes Chromosomes ... Resources Sickle cell disease Related Gene(s) References Quick links to this topic MedlinePlus Health information Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center Information about genetic conditions and rare diseases Additional NIH Resources National Institutes of Health Educational resources Information pages Patient support For patients and families Gene Reviews Clinical summary Gene Tests DNA test labs Genetic Tools Teaching cases ACTion Sheets Newborn screening ClinicalTrials.gov Research studies PubMed Recent literature Online Books Medical and science texts OMIM Genetic disorder catalog Genetic Conditions Sickle cell disease On this page: Description Genetic changes Inheritance Treatment ... Glossary definitions Reviewed February 2007 What is sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders that affects hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. People with this disorder have atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape. Signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease usually begin in early childhood. Characteristic features of this disorder include a low number of red blood cells (anemia), repeated infections, and periodic episodes of pain. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person. Some people have mild symptoms, while others are frequently hospitalized for more serious complications.

53. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia OnLine Biology Book GLOSSARY sickle cell anemia Human autosomal recessive disease that causes production of abnormal red blood cells that collapse (or http://www.uni.edu/darrow/frames/bio/sickle.html

Sickle Cell Anemia On-Line Biology Book: GLOSSARY sickle cell anemia Human autosomal recessive disease that causes production of abnormal red blood cells that collapse (or sickle) and cause circulatory problems. autosomes The chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. Each member of an autosome pair (in diploid organisms) is of similar length and in the genes it carries. recessive Refers to an allele of a gene that is expressed when the dominant allele is not present. An allele expressed only in homozygous form, when the dominant allele is absent. location of hemoglobin hemoglobin A red pigment in red blood cells that can bind with oxygen and is largely responsible for the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity. Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide chains, two alpha (a) and two beta (b) chains. InfoPlease.com********** sick'le cell" ane'mia Pathol. a chronic hereditary blood disease, occurring primarily among Africans or persons of African descent, in which abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped and nonfunctional, characterized by enlarged spleen, chronic anemia, lethargy, weakness, joint pain, and blood clot formation. Also called sick€le€mi€a Pronunciation: (sik"u-lE'mE-u, sik-lE'-). [key] sick'le cell" trait" Pathol. the usually asymptomatic hereditary condition that occurs when a person inherits from only one parent the abnormal hemoglobin gene characteristic of sickle cell anemia. Also called sicklemia.

54. Anemia, Sickle Cell -- Genes And Disease -- NCBI Bookshelf Sickle cell anemia is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting about 72,000 Americans or 1 in 500 African Americans. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gnd&part=anemiasicklecell

55. Evolution: Library: A Mutation Story This segment tells the story of a genetic mutation affecting the population of West Africa. Although helpful in preventing malaria, this mutation can also lead to sickle cell anemia. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/2/l_012_02.html

document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js' %3E%3C/script%3E")); A Mutation Story This segment tells the story of a genetic mutation affecting the population of West Africa. Although helpful in preventing malaria , this mutation can also lead to sickle cell anemia . Sickle cell specialist Dr. Ronald Nagel stresses the genetic diversity required for the survival of a species. Credits: View in: QuickTime RealPlayer Resource Type: Video Format: QuickTime or RealPlayer Length: 4 min, 50 sec Topics Covered: Adaptation and Natural Selection Backgrounder A Mutation Story: A gene known as HbS was the center of a medical and evolutionary detective story that began in the middle 1940s in Africa. Doctors noticed that patients who had sickle cell anemia , a serious hereditary blood disease, were more likely to survive malaria , a disease which kills some 1.2 million people every year. What was puzzling was why sickle cell anemia was so prevalent in some African populations. How could a "bad" gene the mutation that causes the sometimes lethal sickle cell disease also be beneficial? On the other hand, if it didn't provide some survival advantage, why had the sickle gene persisted in such a high frequency in the populations that had it?

56. Sickle Cell Anemia: A Parents Guide For The School Aged Child Parents Guide to Sickle Cell Sickle Cell Anemia A Parent's Guide for the School Age Child Important Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia http://www.doh.wa.gov/EHSPHL/PHL/Newborn/scpg.htm

You are here: DOH Home EHSPHL Home PHL Home NBS Home ... Employees Sickle Cell Anemia: A Parents Guide for the School Age Child Sickle Cell Anemia: A Parent's Guide for the School Age Child Important Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia With an incurable disease, prevention of complications and early treatment are very important. Understanding the special needs of the child with sickle cell anemia is essential for the child's health and well being. The intent of this guide is to educate parents and others about how to provide the best care to the child with sickle cell anemia. DIAGNOSIS OF A SERIOUS DISEASE IN A HEALTHY CHILD Children with sickle cell anemia are well most of the time, but certain complications can occur which are very serious and sometimes fatal (cause death). It may be hard to believe that a healthy looking child has a life threatening disease, but this is true when a child has sickle cell anemia. At first parents may not want to know what can happen with this disease. They may want to pretend that nothing is wrong until something happens to indicate otherwise. This is a normal reaction to the unpleasant news that a child has a serious disease. Besides feeling sad, parents may feel angry and or guilty. These emotions are very normal and usually temporary. Eventually parents work through their feelings and want to learn everything they can about this disease to provide the best care for their child.

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