61. Thyroid Federation International - English This is a worldwide umbrella organization. Members include most thyroid support and education groups. For thyroid Patients section lists symptoms of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid disorders. http://www.thyroid-fed.org/

62. Thyroid - University Of Michigan Pediatric Surgery - Ann Arbor The main function of the thyroid gland is to synthesize thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T,). These hormones require iodine for synthesis. http://surgery.med.umich.edu/pediatric/clinical/patient_content/n-z/thyroid.shtm

. : CLINICAL CARE Your Appointment Your Child's Surgery Our Faculty ... Spleen Problems Thyroid Umbilical Hernia Undescended Testicle More Technical Medical Information Go Back To CLINICAL CARE PEDIATRIC SURGERY HOME PRINT VERSION Thyroid Physiology The main function of the thyroid gland is to synthesize thyroid hormone: thy-roxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T,). These hormones require iodine for synthesis. Thyroid tissue is good at trapping iodine. Circulating T is predominantly bound to thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG). T is deiodinated in peripheral tissues to the more bioactive T . The free thyroid hormones bind to specific receptors in the cell, leading to increases in oxygen consumption, stimulation of protein synthesis and increases in metabolism. Secretion of thyroid hormones is regulated by TSH which is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. TSH synthesis and release are stimulated by thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), which is synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted into the pituitary. T and T inhibit the action of TRH on the anterior pituitary, thereby decreasing the secretion of TSH.

63. Thyroid.org: News Releases Press release describing early stage research that may lead to a drug to help fight an aplastic thyroid cancer. http://www.thyroid.org/professionals/publications/news/04_10_01_copland.html

64. Thyroid.org: ATA Web Brochures The ATA has designed this information to aid in better understanding about thyroid disease. Each topic has FAQs, or frequently asked questions, and a Patient http://www.thyroid.org/patients/brochures.html

65. Thyroid And Parathyroid Glands Presents the chemistry, synthesis, and secretion of thyroid hormones. Covers hamburger thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy, fetal development, and sodium-iodide. http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/index.html

Endocrine Index Glossary The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands: Introduction and Index Feeling run down and tired? Is your attention span poor? Do you really dislike playing in the snow? Lots of disorders can cause such complaints, but these types of symptoms are compatible with inadequate production of thyroid hormones, the primary endocrine secretion of the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones affect three fundamental physiologic processes: cellular differentiation, growth, and metabolism. If you think about that statement for a minute, you might legitimately ask "So what else is there?" which emphasizes just how much of physiology is affected by thyroid hormones. Not many hormones can claim as diverse a set of target cells. The thyroid gland also produces another hormone called calcitonin, and the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin participate in control of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and have significant effects on bone physiology. Core information on the thyroid and parathyroid glands and their hormones is presented in the following topics: Functional Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Chemistry of Thyroid Hormones Synthesis and Secretion of Thyroid Hormones Mechanism of Action and Physiologic Effects of Thyroid Hormones ... Parathyroid Hormone Advanced and supplemental information on the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the hormones they produce: Histology of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Thyroid Gland Thyroid Hormone Receptors Thyroid Hormones: Pregnancy and Fetal Development Hamburger Thyrotoxicosis The Sodium-Iodide Symporter Parathyroid Glands

66. Thyroid (generic), Armour Thyroid News - Topix News on thyroid (generic), Armour thyroid continually updated from thousands of sources around the net. http://www.topix.com/drug/thyroid

67. Thyroid Disorders And Surgery Insight into complications and treatment. What is a thyroid disorder? What treatment may be recommended? What is thyroid surgery? and more Your thyroid gland is one of the http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/Thyroid-Disorders.cfm

Login/Register Help Members Health Information ... Health Information Thyroid Disorders and Surgery Health Information Ears Throat Nose and Mouth Head and Neck ... ENT History Call for papers opens November 8, 2010! Thyroid Disorders and Surgery Share Insight into complications and treatment What is a thyroid disorder? What treatment may be recommended? What is thyroid surgery? and more... Your thyroid gland is one of the endocrine glands that makes hormones to regulate physiological functions in your body, like metabolism. Other endocrine glands are the pancreas, the pituitary, the adrenal glands, and the parathyroid glands. What is a thyroid disorder? Diseases of the thyroid gland are very common, affecting millions of Americans. The most common thyroid problems are: Patients with a family history or who had radiation therapy to the head or neck as children for acne, adenoids, or other reasons are more prone to develop thyroid malignancy. If you develop significant swelling in your neck or difficulty breathing or swallowing, you should call your surgeon or be seen in the emergency room. What treatment may be recommended?

68. 404 Not Found The symptoms of a thyroid disorder in an elderly person are often different from those in a younger person. http://www.thyroid.ca/Guides/HG10.html

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69. Introduction: Thyroid Gland Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition The thyroid is a small gland, measuring about 2 inches (5 centimeters) across, that lies just under the skin below the Adam's apple in the neck. http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec13/ch163/ch163a.html

70. Thyroid Disorders In The Older Patient Brochure for the elderly that describes the treatment and what to expect. http://www.thyroid.org/patients/brochures/ThyroidDisorderOlder_broch.pdf

71. Thyroid, Papillary Carcinoma: EMedicine Oncology Overview Papillary carcinoma is a relatively common welldifferentiated thyroid cancer. Papillary/follicular carcinoma must be considered a variant of papillary thyroid http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/282276-overview

72. Molly B.'s Thyroid Pages Welcome Personal experience with multinodular goiter, thyroid cyst, symptoms and treatment. Includes an FAQ and a poll. http://thyroid.trishs.net/

Enter Home Website  contents molly b. Email

73. Thyroid Disease Manager upto-date analysis of thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules and cancer, thyroiditis, and all aspects of human thyroid disease and thyroid physiology. http://www.thyroidmanager.org/

Authors Supporters Country Associates About our Site ... Author's Instructions/Citations CLICK ON ANY SECTION OF INTEREST TO OPEN Ontogeny, Anatomy, Metabolism and Physiology of the Thyroid Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion Thyroid Hormone Serum Transport Proteins Cell Uptake of Hormone ... Thyroid Surgery Thyroid Disease Manager is organized by LESLIE J DE GROOT, MD and 23 editor authors. THYROIDMANAGER .offers an up-to-date analysis of thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules and cancer, thyroiditis, and all aspects of human thyroid disease and thyroid physiology. It provides physicians, researchers, and trainees (as well as patients) around the world with an authoritative, current, complete, objective, FREE, and down-loadable source on the thyroid. This website is directed to helping physicians care for their patients with thyroid problems. WWW.THYROIDMANAGER.ORG is updated continually with important new information, and major revisions are done annually. The latest revisions were introduced 7 NOV 2010. We greatly appreciate contributions for support of THYROIDMANAGER.ORG.

74. Eye Institute Information on the management of Graves ophthalmopathy. From the University of Ottawa Eye Institute. http://www.eyeinstitute.net/subfiles/comocprb/graves.htm

Home Specialty Centres Eye Institute University of Ottawa Eye Institute Welcome to the University of Ottawa Eye Institute of The Ottawa Hospital. We are a world class facility recognized internationally for excellence in patient eye care, research and teaching in the field of ophthalmology. The Eye Institute is a major clinical, teaching and research centre in Canada for Ophthalmology with over 28 full-time and part-time ophthalmologists and six PhDs. We are part of the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, and are located at General Campus of The Ottawa Hospital. Mission To promote advances in the investigation, treatment, and prevention of visual disorders. Goals To undertake collaborative, basic and applied research in the visual system with emphasis on those visual disorders of major public health concern. To develop superior patient eye care facilities for the investigation and management of complex cases. To promote medical and scientific education in the visual sciences. What's New Sally Letson Symposium Centre for Research on Age-Related Blindness Vision Research Program (OHRI) Fundraising Projects Eye Institute - General Campus Welcome Team Anatomy of the Eye Eye Diseases ... webmaster@ottawahospital.on.ca

75. Thyroid 720 North Tustin Avenue Suite 104 Santa Ana, CA 927053606 Phone (714) 565-1032 Fax (714) 565-1035 http://www.drkaslow.com/html/thyroid.html

720 North Tustin Avenue Suite 104 Santa Ana, CA 92705-3606 Phone: (714) 565-1032 Fax: (714) 565-1035 HYPOTHYROIDISM The term means low thyroid function. Hypothyroidism probably affects hundreds of thousands of people but is often never diagnosed. Clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism include the following (1,2,3): Because long-term low thyroid function causes poor circulation and reduces delivery of oxygen to tissue cellular and therefore has an association with heart disease and cancer as well as making you feel miserable, having even a few of these symptoms warrants checking your thyroid function. THE PROBLEM WITH DIAGNOSING LOW THYROID FUNCTION With so many different symptoms and so many different organ systems potentially affected by thyroid system dysfunction, one might think that a diagnosis would be easy. However, in spite of the available blood tests for thyroid/pituitary/liver/adrenal function, the diagnosis is often missed.(1,2) One of the most common mis-conceptions regarding thyroid function is the assumption that and reliance on the requirement that the diagnosis of hypothyroidism depends on an elevated TSH level. Normally, the pituitary gland will secrete T hyroid S timulating H ormone (hence TSH) in response to a low circulating thyroid hormone level. This is thought to reflect the pituitary's sensing of inadequate thyroid hormone levels in the blood that would be consistent with hypothyroidism. There is no question that an elevated TSH can confirm the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, but it is far too insensitive a measure, in other words the vast majority of patients who have hypothyroidism do not have an elevated TSH level. Some have suggested that perhaps the upper limit of what is considered normal is too high, instead of the normal TSH range being from 1.0-4.5, the range of normal for TSH should be 0.5-1.5. In that way more patients would be considered hypothyroid.

76. Graves Disease The Angeles Vision Clinic presents descriptions and photos that show how excessive levels of thyroid hormones and related antibodies attack the muscles of the eye. Includes treatment and illustrations. http://www.avclinic.com/graves_disease.htm

Angeles Vision Clinic The web site has detailed information on many other eye conditions. Please feel free to visit our Home Page or check out other eye conditions on our Eye Conditions page GRAVES EYE DISEASE OR Infiltrative Thyroid Ophthalmopathy Janet's page Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces a greater than normal amount of hormone. It occurs in a number of diseases, including Graves' disease, toxic goitre, thyroiditis and ingestion of excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Excessive levels of thyroid hormones give rise to weight loss, rapid heart, tremor, sweating and changes in the nails, skin and hair. Subjectively, a person will notice nervousness, heat intolerance and heart palpitations. Prominent eyes or Proptosis Inability to close eyes Graves' disease is a term used to describe the commonest variety of hyperthyroidism, which is regarded as having an autoimmune basis. Autoimmune disease may be understood as a process by which the body sees some part of itself as being foreign and reacts to it much the same way that it would with any bacteria or virus. In the case of Graves' disease, the body sees the thyroid gland as the foreign object and produces antibodies that attack the thyroid gland. This will often (but not in all cases) cause the thyroid gland to become over active. Graves' eye disease is currently believed to be due to a similar autoimmune reaction. However, in the case of

77. Thyroid Cancer And Thyroid Cancer Treatment - MD Anderson Cancer Center Read about thyroid cancer symptoms and receive specialized thyroid cancer treatment from MD Anderson Cancer Center. http://www.mdanderson.org/patient-and-cancer-information/cancer-information/canc

Skip to Content International Center English Español ... Events Keyword Home Patient and Cancer Information Cancer Information Cancer Types ... Glossary of Cancer Terms Our Publications Keep up with the latest in cancer treatment, research, education and prevention. Subscribe Our Online Community Facebook Twitter YouTube iTunes U Thyroid Cancer A butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, the thyroid plays an important role in a person’s well-being. Like the pituitary gland, it is part of the endocrine system, which regulates specific body functions. The thyroid generates hormones that control the body’s heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and metabolism. Thyroid cancer develops when cells of the thyroid grow uncontrollably. Fortunately, most thyroid tumors are benign (non-cancerous). Cancer of the thyroid is uncommon, accounting for about 1% of all cancers diagnosed. However, it has become the 8th most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Fortunately for those with the disease, there’s hope. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, precise treatment and scheduled follow-up can result in a healthy future. Basics Prevention Diagnosis Treatment ... Support Types Types of thyroid cancer include: Papillary thyroid cancer Follicular thyroid cancer Medullary thyroid cancer Anaplastic thyroid cancer Symptoms In the early stages of thyroid cancer, no symptoms are present. As the cancer develops, symptoms may include:

78. Treatment For Exophthalmos In Graves Disease, Treatment Of Thyroid Eye Disease, Treatment of exophthalmos through naturopathy, supported by acupuncture, acupressure, and magnetic treatment, eye care and eyeball exercises. http://tedcure.com

INDIA ) ( Number 1111893 ) Import - Export Certificate Number - Contact/Address tedcure@tedcure.com Phone Dr. P. D. Gupta. MD (Alternative Medicine) 1-2, Friends Colony, Near Jagadhri Gate Ambala City. - 134003 ( State Haryana ) I N D I A . View the insight of TEDCURE premises at : www.tedcure.com/gallery.html S OME TED C ASES T REATED - O F A LL T F ORMS (photographs showing the degree of Improvement during treatment / full treatment T REATMENT O F T HYROID E YE D ISEASE - TED I NFORMATION F OR TED T REATMENT TED Cases from USA, read instructions T REATMENT O F P ROBLEMS A FTER G RAVES D ISEASE :- K NOW A BOUT TED ( salient features only ) D ECISIVE R EMEDIAL R ESULTS I N TED ( inference by some of repute

79. Thyroid Disease << Frequently Asked Questions << Womenshealth.gov What is the thyroid? What kinds of thyroid problems can affect women? What is hyperthyroidism? What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism? What is hypothyroidism? http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/thyroid-disease.cfm

Skip Navigation Skip left navigation Frequently Asked Questions Home Topic List ... womenshealth.gov Home Frequently Asked Questions E-mail this page to a friend Thyroid Disease Frequently Asked Questions Home Frequently Asked Questions Printer-friendly version PDF file, 324 Kb] Hyperthyroidism Symptoms Treatment Hypothyroidism ... For more information See also: Autoimmune Diseases: Overview Graves' Disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis What is the thyroid? Your thyroid (THY-roid) is a small gland found at the base of your neck, just below your Adam's apple. The thyroid produces two main hormones called T3 and T4. These hormones travel in your blood to all parts of your body. The thyroid hormones control the rate of many activities in your body. These include how fast you burn calories and how fast your heart beats. All of these activities together are known as your body's metabolism Return to Top What kinds of thyroid problems can affect women? Women are more likely than men to develop thyroid disorders. Thyroid disorders that can affect women include: Disorders that cause hyperthyroidism Disorders that cause hypothyroidism Thyroid nodules Thyroiditis Thyroid cancer ... Return to Top What is hyperthyroidism?

80. Overview, Risk Factors, Signs And Symptoms - Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO) - Visio VisionChannel presents an article about the treatment of thyroid eye disease which occurs independently from Graves disease. http://www.visionchannel.net/graves/

Home Health Topics Health Reports Learning Centers ... Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO) Overview, Risk Factors, Signs and Symptoms Share: Send to a Friend Print Overview, Risk Factors, Signs and Symptoms Overview Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is a condition that primarily affects the extraocular muscles, the muscles that rotate the eyeball up, down, and to the sides. It is closely associated with Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid to produce excess thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). Graves' ophthalmopathy is also known as thyroid eye disease or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. In GO, an unknown antigen (substance that triggers an immune response) activates lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell), which infiltrate extraocular muscle tissue and other orbital tissues, producing inflammation and causing the tissues to swell. The swollen eye muscles force the eyeball to bulge out of the bony orbit (i.e., eye socket). Graves' ophthalmopathy and Graves' disease are two separate conditions that run independent courses. GO may occur long before, at the same time as, or long after thyroid disease is diagnosed and treated. Although most patients with Graves' disease have Graves' ophthalmopathy, about 10% of patients with GO have normal thyroid function. Progression of the disease usually stops on its own within a 2-year period and it rarely recurs. Mild symptoms may completely self-resolve, but treatment may be necessary to restore eyelid function, improve appearance, and correct vision.

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