41. Sociobiology: Free Encyclopedia Articles At Questia.com Online Library Research sociobiology and other related topics by using the free encyclopedia at the Questia.com online library. http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/101271594

42. Sociobiology - Definition Of Sociobiology At YourDictionary.com the scientific study of the biological basis for animal and human social behavior it is based on the theory that some or much of such behavior is genetically determined http://www.yourdictionary.com/sociobiology

43. The Evolution Of Evolutionary Psychology The theory of evolutionary psychology has generated much debate among both psychologists and philosophers. Therefore it is imperative that evolutionary psychology be evaluated in http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/seltin.html

The Evolution of Evolutionary Psychology: From Sociobiology to Evolutionary Psychology Melissa Seltin Northwestern University The theory of evolutionary psychology has generated much debate among both psychologists and philosophers. Therefore it is imperative that evolutionary psychology be evaluated in detail. In doing so, one is forced to examine its forerunner, sociobiology, and also question the concept of a good theory. Metatheory dictates that a good theory should be simple, accurate, fruitful, consistent, etc. Sociobiology, although strong in its Darwinian foundations, is highly criticized as being limited in scope and difficult to falsify. Evolutionary psychology is also criticized as being difficult to falsify, but scientists commend this theory for its fruitfulness and its ability to encompass many different fields of psychology while connecting psychology to the more hardcore sciences. Sociobiology Sociobiology is the study of the biological determinants of social behavior, based on the theory that such behavior is often genetically transmitted and subject to evolutionary processes. It stresses the importance of behavior and is committed to the theories of the adaptationist program. The adaptationist program assumes that certain creatures or groups of creatures currently exist because their past relatives possessed certain phenotypic traits that they were able to pass on to future generations. In 1975, Wilson published Sociobiology, which was highly debated among theorists of the time. However, one no longer hears that psychology will be encompassed by sociobiology; rather psychology has incorporated some sociobiological theses while rejecting the more extreme assertions (Anker, 1987, p. 426). This is evident to those who have taken courses in various fields of psychology. Since 1975, evidence of genetic influence on behavior and acceptance of the theory has increased steadily. However, because of the general form of sociobiological argument, many remain skeptical.

44. Sociobiology - Wikinfo Sociobiological theory. Sociobiologists do not believe that animal or human behaviour can be explained entirely by cultural or environmental factors. http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Sociobiology

Sociobiology From Wikinfo Jump to: navigation search Sociobiology is a branch of biology that attempts to throw light upon animal behavior and social structures in terms of evolutionary advantage or strategy . It uses techniques from ethology evolution and population genetics The term "sociobiology" was coined by E. O. Wilson in with the publication of his famous book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis . Sociobiology attempts to explain the evolutionary mechanics behind social behaviors such as altruism aggression , and nurturance. Wilson's book sparked one of the greatest scientific controversies of the 20th century Contents Sociobiological theory Controversy Science and sociobiology See also ... References Sociobiological theory Sociobiologists do not believe that animal or human behaviour can be explained entirely by " cultural " or " environmental " factors. They believe that in order to fully understand behaviour it must be analyzed with some focus on its evolutionary origins. If Darwin 's theory of natural selection is accepted, then evolved behavioural mechanisms that allowed an organism a greater chance of surviving and/or reproducing would be more likely to survive in present organisms. Many

45. Steve Sailer: "E.O. Wilson's Sociobiology At Age 25" - National Review, 6/19/200 sociobiology at Age 25. by Steve Sailer www.iSteve.com National Review 6/19/2000 Home . Email Steve . sociobiology The New Synthesis 25th Anniversary Edition, by Edward O http://www.isteve.com/Sociobiology.htm

Sociobiology at Age 25 by Steve Sailer www.iSteve.com National Review Home Email Steve ... Sociobiology: The New Synthesis 25th Anniversary Edition , by Edward O. Wilson (Harvard University Press, 697 pages, $75.00 cloth, $29.95 paper) [This is the last of the various versions I wrote for NR. No doubt it differs in some fashion from what they actually printed. Steve Sailer, www.iSteve.com Great fiction does not grow obsolete. Nor in it's own way does great propaganda. In contrast, truly important scientific books render themselves obsolete by opening new fields for subsequent scholars to elaborate. Edward O. Wilson's 1975 landmark Sociobiology , which introduced Darwinian explanations for behavior to the publicand which has now been reissued to mark its 25th anniversaryis just such a book. Vast yet coherent, Sociobiology demonstrated in rigorous detail how Darwinian selection molded the various ways in which all animalsfrom the lowly corals to the social insects to the highest primatescompete and cooperate with others of their own species. Outraging the leftists who dominated academia, Wilson suggested numerous analogies between animal and human societies. While men have drawn such parallels since long before Aesop, Wilson's command of natural history and the power of neo-Darwinian theory in unifying this vast body of knowledge lent credibility to his grand ambition to reduce social science to a branch of biology, just as, Wilson argued, biology could ultimately be reduced to chemistry and chemistry to physics. .

46. Animal And Human Behavior - Dr. Paul J. Watson Research and teaching in animal and human behavior by Dr. Paul J. Watson, University of New Mexico and Flathead Lake Biological, Montana. Field courses, graduate and independent study student supervision, and workshops. http://biology.unm.edu/biology/pwatson/public_html/pjw_cv.htm

In my work on metabolic capacities of male sierra dome spiders, measured respirometrically during the spider's elaborate and strenuous ritual of copulatory courtship, I have found that both metabolic efficiency (microwatts consumed per unit of courtship performance) and maximum metabolic rate (sustainable aerobic capacity) are positively selected by females. Two overt male traits independently predict fertilization success, body mass and copulatory vigor (measured as intromission rate - the number of separate genitalic connections made by the male per unit time during copulatory courtship). Metabolic efficiency is correlated with male body mass (even after compensating for the expected allometric relationship) and aerobic capacity with copulatory vigor. Interestingly, due to some fundamental physiological tradeoff (maybe to do with accelerating rates of oxygen free-radicals with increasing metabolic rates) efficiency and maximum metabolic rate are negatively correlated in the general male population. By simultaneously selecting positively for both of these traits, females are effectively shopping for the least negative tradeoff between these two viability-enhancing physiological traits. In other words, by cross-referencing body mass and courtship performance, females are sexually selecting for metabolic power : the maximum rate at which the male can perform useful metabolic work (as opposed, for example, to "work" wasting calories in the production of heat or unnecessary movement).

47. Sociobiology jahsonic.com sociobiology. Related eugenics - biology - sociology Definition sociobiology is a branch of biology that attempts to explain animal behavior and social structures in http://www.jahsonic.com/Sociobiology.html

[jahsonic.com] [Next >>] Sociobiology Related: eugenics biology sociology Definition Sociobiology is a branch of biology that attempts to explain animal behavior and social structures in terms of evolutionary advantage or strategy. It uses techniques from ethology, evolution and population genetics. The term 'sociobiology' was coined by Edward Osborne Wilson in the 1970s. He wrote the famous Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Sociobiology attempts to explain the evolutionary mechanics behind social behaviors such as altruism , aggression, and nurturance. Individual genetic advantage fails to explain many social behaviors. However, genetic evolution appears to act on social groups. The mechanisms responsible for selection in groups are statistical and can be harder to grasp than those that determine individual selection. The analytical processes of sociobiology use paradigms and population statistics similar to actuarial analyses of the insurance industry or game theory. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociobiology Evolutionary psychology The term evolutionary psychology was coined in the book The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and The Generation of Culture anthropology , biology, and zoology. It is derived from the concept of sociobiology pioneered by the entomologist E. O Wilson, who was the first to formalize the idea that social behavior could be explained evolutionarily, and coined the term sociobiology.

48. Science As Culture - SOCIOBIOLOGY SANITIZED: THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND GEN Sociopolitical overview of the circumstances leading to the development of Evolutionary Psychology as distinct from sociobiology, by Val Dusek. This web page is associated http://www.human-nature.com/science-as-culture/dusek.html

Latest Writings and Papers Home Contents Join the Discussion Forum Rationale ... Search SOCIOBIOLOGY SANITIZED: THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND GENIC SELECTIONISM DEBATES [For more on evolutionary psychology see The Human Nature Daily Review Evolutionary Psychology Online The Open Directory by Val Dusek Amazon US UK I Two decades later the debate concerning the genetic determination of human behavior has been reanimated in the general intellectual and middle-brow media with a somewhat more restrained tone. The study of evolutionary accounts of human behavior is now called "evolutionary psychology" to avoid some of the justifiably bad connotations that were associated with sociobiology. During the last few years the linguist Steve Pinker, ( ) philosopher Daniel Dennett, ( ) New Republic editor and science popularizer Robert Wright,( ) and science writer Matt Ridley ( ) have produced feisty, polemical expositions of evolutionary psychology for a broad audience. Stephen J. Gould has returned to the breach to criticize evolutionary psychology, but several writers considered to be on the left have defended sociobiological approaches and criticized postmodern rejection of biologism. The core theories of evolutionary psychology are the same as those of sociobiology. Several of the commonly made distinctions between evolutionary psychology and sociobiology turn out not to distinguish the two. So what has changed and what is new?

49. Sociobiology ,biological,biology definition,biology terminology,biology terms,biology abbreviations http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Sociobiology/

50. Sociobiology Sociology sociobiology. sociobiology is a synthesisof scientificdisciplines that attempts to explain behaviour in all speciesby considering the evolutionaryadvantages of social behaviours. http://www.lumrix.net/medical/sociology/sociobiology.html

Homepage Imprint [ICD 10 Search] Back ... [ICD 10 Search] Sociobiology Sociobiology is a synthesisof scientificdisciplines that attempts to explain behaviour in all speciesby considering the evolutionaryadvantages of social behaviours. It is often considered a branch of biologyand sociology , and it also draws from ethology , evolution , zoology , archeology , population genetics , and other disciplines. Within the study of human societies , sociobiology is closely related to the fields of human ecologyand evolutionary psychology Sociobiology has become one of the greatest scientific controversiesof the late 20th century . Criticism, most notably made by Richard Lewontinand Stephen Jay Gould , centers around sociobiology's contention that genesplay a decisive role in human behavior, suggesting there are limitations to reducing traits such as aggressiveness. In response to the controversy, anthropologist John Toobyand psychologist Leda Cosmideslaunched evolutionary psychologyas a centrist form with less controversial focuses. Inhaltsverzeichnis History Sociobiological theory Controversy Implications of sociobiology See also References External links History The sociobiology discussion was started by Edward O. Wilson

51. Sociobiology | In Chapter 08: Animals | From Psychology: An Introduction By Russ sociobiology. In 1975, a Harvard biologist who specialized in the study of ants—Edward O. Wilson—proposed a new discipline to be called sociobiology. http://www.intropsych.com/ch08_animals/sociobiology.html

Book T of C Chap T of C Prev page Next page Sociobiology sociobiology . It would focus on the biological and evolutionary underpinnings of social behavior. Wilson wrote a book titled Sociobiology in which he proposed genetic explanations of many human social behaviors. Wilson's book, and his proposed field of study, was immediately attacked by social scientists, including psychologists. Critics like anthropologist Sherry L. Washburn (1978) argued that Wilson's ideas were oversimplified and dangerous. What was sociobiology supposed to be? What was Washburn's objection to sociobiology? Postulating genes to account for behaviors is a major feature of the application of sociobiology to the interpretation of human behaviors. For example, in the last chapter of Sociobiology (Wilson, 1975), genes are postulated to account for more than 25 behavioral situations. There are conformer genes, genes for flexibility, genes predisposing to cultural differences... ... The logic [used by sociologists] is that there must be altruistic genes to account for altruistic acts-just as we learned many years ago that if there are criminal acts there must be criminal genes. Washburn was alluding to the dark days of eugenics, a pre-WW II theory that was embraced by the Nazis and used to justify the extermination of "undesirable elements" such as criminals, Jews, homosexuals, and mentally retarded people…all on the assumption that they were genetically inferior.

52. The Fallacy Of Fitness Maximization sociobiology originated with the work of W.D. Hamilton, Robert Trivers, Edward O. Wilson, and Richard Alexander in the late 1960s (cf. bibliography). http://cogweb.ucla.edu/ep/Sociobiology.html

Sociobiology The Fallacy of Fitness Maximization (December 12, 1996, revised June 3, 1998) Sociobiology originated with the work of W.D. Hamilton, Robert Trivers, Edward O. Wilson, and Richard Alexander in the late 1960s (cf. bibliography ). Their work solved certain long-standing problems in evolutionary theory; for instance, Hamilton's brilliant work on kin selection finally made the altruistic behavior of the eusocial insects comprehensible in terms of natural selection. The application of the novel theoretical framework to human behavior, however, ran into some serious and theoretically illuminating difficulties. In political terms, the proposal that human behavior can reductively be explained by the molecular logic of genes caused a furore; the history of the controversy is a fascinating topic in itself (cf. Caplan 1978 ). The outcome was rather damaging; the passionate rejection of the implications of the early claims of sociobiology has made the debate about the relation between nature and culture more problematic. In the following, I critique the theoretically powerful central thesis of early sociobiology - that humans behave the way they do because such behavior maximizes their reproductive fitness - as illuminatingly flawed. The page also suggests some key differences between sociobiology and evolutionary psychology. It was prepared as a series of overheads for an informal talk.

53. Science As Culture - SOCIOBIOLOGY SANITIZED: THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND GEN Socio-political overview of the circumstances leading to the development of Evolutionary Psychology as distinct from sociobiology, by Val Dusek. This web page is associated with the Science-as-Culture mailing list and journal. http://human-nature.com/science-as-culture/dusek.html

Latest Writings and Papers Home Contents Join the Discussion Forum Rationale ... Search SOCIOBIOLOGY SANITIZED: THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND GENIC SELECTIONISM DEBATES [For more on evolutionary psychology see The Human Nature Daily Review Evolutionary Psychology Online The Open Directory by Val Dusek Amazon US UK I Two decades later the debate concerning the genetic determination of human behavior has been reanimated in the general intellectual and middle-brow media with a somewhat more restrained tone. The study of evolutionary accounts of human behavior is now called "evolutionary psychology" to avoid some of the justifiably bad connotations that were associated with sociobiology. During the last few years the linguist Steve Pinker, ( ) philosopher Daniel Dennett, ( ) New Republic editor and science popularizer Robert Wright,( ) and science writer Matt Ridley ( ) have produced feisty, polemical expositions of evolutionary psychology for a broad audience. Stephen J. Gould has returned to the breach to criticize evolutionary psychology, but several writers considered to be on the left have defended sociobiological approaches and criticized postmodern rejection of biologism. The core theories of evolutionary psychology are the same as those of sociobiology. Several of the commonly made distinctions between evolutionary psychology and sociobiology turn out not to distinguish the two. So what has changed and what is new?

54. Behavior OnLine: Evolutionary Psychology Brief introduction to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. http://www.behavior.net/column/brody/

@import url("/includes/style.css"); Behavior OnLine hosts a forum on Evolutionary Psychology. What follows is an introduction to the topic to orient our participants. You are welcome to join the discussion Behavior OnLine Home Page Behavior OnLine Forums ALL IN THE FAMILY: EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOBIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL PHENOMENA James Brody, Ph.D. Adapted Mind , (Oxford, 1992) rests on assumptions that: the human mind is a mosaic of "information processing systems" that are extraordinarily efficient in handling specific kinds of stimuli and responses to them, human evolution has been generally static since the Pleistocene, these systems are "content specific" and generate many invariant aspects of human culture. There are problems and benefits with this view. EP would appear to share the same circular morass of the Instinct Crowd from decades ago. ("Why do we eat cheese?" "It's instinctive." "How do we know it's instinctive?" "Because so many of us do it.") There are two escapes: (1) EP will use hunter-gatherer hypotheses to generate predictions about unstudied, subtle aspects of human performance in cognitive and social tasks. (2) It also tries to weaken the circularity issue by specifying physiological systems that solve an adaptive problem. Rather than assuming the independent evolution of a dozen components that just happen to work well together, EP asks "What adaptive problem is solved? What physiological resources would be needed to solve it? Is it possible that visual and motor systems work so well because their interplay led to fuller bellies at some point long ago?"

55. Jerome H. Barkow's Page Evolutionary psychology, sociobiology, human reproductive behaviour (Dalhousie University, Canada). http://myweb.dal.ca/barkow/home.htm

Jerome H. Barkow's Page Telephone Number: 902-423-7051 Email: barkow@dal.ca PUBLICATION LIST RECENT WORK Click below for other links: Dalhousie's Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology

56. Jim Moore Home Page sociobiology (UC San Diego, USA) http://weber.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/

Jim Moore (Assoc. Prof. Emeritus, Anthropology Dept, UCSD) Research interests: Generally, the relationships among demography and ecology in the evolution of complex sociality. How are age and 'altruism' related? Rainfall and coalition formation? Things like that. One application of such an approach is to the study of early hominid behavioral ecology, and a lot of my current work relates to that. At right, I'm collecting hair from a chimpanzee nest in Ugalla, Tanzania (the hair yields DNA for population genetic work, and the location of nests can tell us about ape use of savanna habitats). Prospective grad students : I'm formally retired, which obviously changes things. I'm not formally accepting students myself, but am still involved on committees etc. Contact me if you've questions. Email: jjmoore@ucsd.edu Publications Things I've worked on... (includes complete text of some papers) BioAnthro at UCSD Some general information on biological anthropology. Courses A variety of handouts and other teaching- related materials. STUDENTS: this is the place for handouts on research papers, who cares about fossil names, and other nifty things. African Ape Study Sites This is an archive of information on field sites where gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos have been studied. It is intended for use by researchers interested in comparative socioecology, and contains data, maps, photographs, site bibliographies and the like. For material on ape conservation, see

57. Social Psychology Basics Electronic textbook by Professor George Boeree, with chapter topics including person perception, persuasion, conformity, and sociobiology. http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/socpsy.html

58. Planters Vs. Weeders » American Scientist John Dupr reviews Defenders of the Truth The Battle for Science in the sociobiology Debate and Beyond by Ullica Segerstr le. http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/planters-vs-weeders

MY AMERICAN SCIENTIST Keep me signed in Would you like us to keep you signed in on this computer ? Yes No SEARCH Current Issue Past Issues On the Bookshelf Science in the News ... January-February 2001 > Bookshelf Detail BOOK REVIEW Planters vs. Weeders John Dupre Defenders of the Truth: The Battle for Science in the Sociobiology Debate and Beyond In 1975, Harvard University Press published a large and glossy book by the distinguished entomologist E. O. Wilson, titled Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. An alternative strategy, here represented by Richard Dawkins, is the pure Enlightenment pursuit of truth unsullied by any normative concerns. But this presents too cold and spiritually empty an intellectual environment for most consumers of science (and indeed in his crusade against religion and other "viruses of the mind," Dawkins shows dangerous tendencies toward weeding). The book is generally concerned with the exploits of the great men who are engaged in these debates and philosophical speculation about its underlying significance. It does not contain much detailed discussion of the claims of sociobiologists on specific topics. Curiously, perhaps, the topics that are discussed in greatest detail are racism and I.Q. I say "curiously" because apart from occasional remarks about innate xenophobia, sociobiology has had little to say on these topics, although certainly they were in various ways of concern to the main protagonists. There are, of course, connections through the assumptions about the legitimate scope of human genetics, but the connection is indirect.

59. One Mean Renaissance Man - Academia - Salon.com Annie M. Paul writes about Machiavellianism and the human sciences, for example sociobiology and psychology. http://www.salon.com/books/it/1999/09/13/machiavelli/index.html

Hot Topics Jon Stewart Rally to Restore Sanity Halloween ... Our Picks Follow Books: News War Room Joan Walsh Glenn Greenwald ... About Salon Store Communities Letters Open Salon The Well Table Talk ... Terms of Service OAS_AD('Top'); Editor: Gabriel Winant Updated: Today Topic: Academia Monday, Sep 13, 1999 12:00 ET One mean Renaissance man As Machiavelli becomes the poster prince for a new kind of power-hungry self-help genre, scholars are using the 16th century political philosopher as a litmus test for human behavior. By Annie M. Paul N These days, Niccolo Machiavelli is generating a volume of buzz Tina Brown would envy. In the past couple of years, he's been the subject of more than 20 books, including Dick Morris' "The New Prince: Machiavelli Updated for the Twenty-First Century," "The New Machiavelli: The Art of Politics in Business" and "Machiavelli on Modern Leadership: Why Machiavelli's Iron Rules Are as Timely and Important Today as Five Centuries Ago." For the fairer (but no less devious) sex, there's "The Princessa: Machiavelli for Women" and for those mischievous little tykes, "A Child's Machiavelli: A Primer on Power." Of course, the buzz around Machiavelli has never really died down. Since his guide to getting and keeping power, "The Prince," was published in 1532, Machiavelli's matter-

60. The Biological Basis Of Ethics, By Peter Singer Chapter excerpted from The Expanding Circle Ethics and sociobiology (Oxford, 1981). http://www.utilitarian.net/singer/by/1981----.htm

The Biological Basis of Ethics Peter Singer Excerpted from The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology , New York, 1981, pp. 23-53 We should all agree that each of us is bound to show kindness to his parents and spouse and children, and to other kinsmen in a less degree; and to those who have rendered services to him, and any others whom he may have admitted to his intimacy and called friends; and to neighbours and to fellow-countrymen more than others; and perhaps we may say to those of our own race more than to black or yellow men, and generally to human beings in proportion to their affinity to ourselves. HENRY SIDGWICK, The Methods of Ethics Every human society has some code of behavior for its members. This is true of nomads and city-dwellers, of hunter-gatherers and of industrial civilizations, of Eskimos in Greenland and Bushmen in Africa, of a tribe of twenty Australian aborigines and of the billion people that make up China. Ethics is part of the natural human condition. That ethics is natural to human beings has been denied. More than three hundred years ago Thomas Hobbes wrote in his Leviathan: During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe they are in that condition called War; and such a war, as is of every man against every other man.... To this war of every man against every man, this also is consequent; that nothing can be Unjust. The notions of Right and Wrong, Justice and Injustice have there no place.

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