61. Paul Ehrlich Challenges Evolutionary Psychology And The 'selfish Gene' In His Ne Ehrlich s book Human Natures builds on evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/00/humans920.html

NEWS RELEASE Mark Shwartz, News Service (650) 723-9296; e-mail: mshwartz@stanford.edu Paul Ehrlich challenges evolutionary psychology and the 'selfish gene' in his new book, Human Natures Do "selfish genes" program men to be more promiscuous than women? Beneath the veneer of civility, are people innately aggressive? Some researchers and a growing segment of the general population - would answer "yes" to those and a host of other questions, suggesting that we are tightly programmed by our genes. But according to Stanford evolutionist Paul R. Ehrlich, there is little scientific basis for such widely accepted notions. Ehrlich challenges the so-called "selfish gene" and other tenets of evolutionary psychology in his wide-ranging new book , Human Natures: Genes, Cultures and the Human Prospect (Shearwater Books/Island Press, Washington, D.C.).

62. HGSS: Human Genetics For The Social Sciences Text, figures, and learning exercises in human behavioral genetics http://psych.colorado.edu/hgss/

HGSS Human Genetics for the Social Sciences Text, exercises, practice tests, and links for learning human genetics. Gregory Carey Department of Psychology and Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0345 USA gregory.carey@colorado.edu Published by Sage Publications Thousand Oaks CA London New Dehli www.sagepub.com Rough Draft Chapters (pdf format) Advanced Topics (some pdf format) Color Figures to the Text ... Links to Genetic Web Resources Note: This web site is still under development. It is best to link/bookmark to this page and then follow the links on this page to the other material. Bookmarks to other URLs on this site may result in broken links if the site gets reorganized. Support for this web page comes from Sage Publications and the University of Colorado, Boulder. Source code for Java applets and for Flash animations is regarded as open code and may be copied and amended for nonprofit instructional purposes, provided that amended code is also treated as open source code.

63. Dr. Susan Blackmore A detailed site maintained by the psychologist and memeticist Susan Blackmore. http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/

Home Who am I? Curriculum Vitae Media ... Memes website for UK Memes Central In the media An interview on religion and spirituality and lots of photos in The Third Way, Christian magazine. I don't want to fight Christians even if they do! Drugs talk at The Opium Den , August 2010 Read my Guardian blog Commentisfree New York Times and On the Human Starting 23 August 2010 join the debate on Temes: The third Replicator (for more on this topic see Temes Morality and meaning without God. Listen again to BBC Radio 4 " Beyond Belief " broadcast 16 August 2010, or download the podcast Wired for God? I (the atheist) debate the origin of spiritual experiences with Charles Foster (the Christian) on Premier Christian Radio 's " Unbelievable " . Listen. Anorexia ... You can read about Emily and her anorexia in the Mail , on ABC News , in her blog , and in mine at CiF A debate on Premier Christian Radio about the dreadful film "Expelled". 20 March 2010 Podcast The Edge Question 2010 . How is the Internet changing the way you think?

64. Memetics A senior thesis on memetic selection criteria. http://memetics.chielens.net/

skip to: page content links on this page site navigation footer (site information) Memetics Home Memetics 101 Master's Thesis PhD ... Muttering Heights Welcome Welcome Memes are hot. Since Richard Dawkins talked about them in his revolutionary book The Selfish Gene a lot has been said and written about cultural evolution and the spreading of culture based on the principles of natural selection. A school of thought called memetics has become more and more prominent in various fields such as antropology, psychology, linguistics, marketing, computerscience and architecture. The field has developed from a theoretical field to an applied science. Memetics is predominantly used as an applied science in marketing and computerscience and has thus faced the challenges from quite some of its critics. As one of the researchers that has stood up to the challenges set by various other scientists I have applied memetics to the field of linguistics and have been able to make a quantitative study, thus refuting the claim that memetics is only a vague theory with loosely based concepts. From my 2003 study I have created 'Memetics 101' to provide an introduction to the field of memetics. Both novice and beginning memeticist can find basic information about memetics. A further exploration of my master's thesis can be found under that heading whereas my further research can be found in the PhD section. I hope that you find this page an interesting stop on your journey through memetics and am looking forward to your feedback!

65. Behavioural Ecology Research Group - Home Research group studying animal learning, memory, and decision-making, using experimental psychology and evolutionary biology as tools. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~kgroup/

Home Research People Publications ... Contact Home Welcome The Behavioural Ecology Research Group at the University of Oxford studies animal and human behaviour from a multidisciplinary perspective, combining experimental analysis of behaviour with theoretical modelling. We are influenced by evolutionary, ecological, economic and psychological theories, and contribute regularly to specialised journals in those fields as well as to journals of general interest. Within the last 10 years we have published papers in Science, Nature, Journal of Animal Ecology, Animal Behaviour, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Animal Cognition, Journal of Comparative Neurology, PLoS Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, Journal of Economic Psychology, Behavioural Ecology and other journal and book chapters. The group was founded in 1990 by Alex Kacelnik , and over the years has conducted research into a variety of topics, including risk sensitive decision-making parent-offspring communication , time perception, ideal free distribution, learning, brood parasitism tool related behaviour in New Caledonian crows and other related themes, with experimental work in species ranging from grasshoppers and cowbirds to New Caledonian crows, humans and starlings. Current research includes studying the cognitive and ecological basis of

66. A Reduction Of "Species" - Introduction Online paper by Jody Hey,Department of Genetics, Rutgers University. http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~heylab/sconcept/introduction.html

A Reduction of "Species" Resolves the Species Problem Jody Hey Department of Genetics Rutgers University Nelson Laboratories 604 Allison Rd Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082 phone 732-445-5272 fax 732-445-5870 internet hey@biology.rutgers.edu www http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~heylab January, 1997 Download pdf Abstract The approach taken in this paper does not begin with an assumption that species either are or are not individuals. Rather the approach has been to assume the existence of some simple natural phenomena concerning the nature of DNA replication, and then to consider whether these things will cause species. It is shown that these relatively modest phenomena will create a kind of individual that has a close correspondence with other concepts of the meaning of species. The concept that is developed (the genetic species) is similar to some elements of the cohesion species concept (Templeton, 1989, 1994). In particular, both species concepts rely extensively on the idea of shared genetic drift. However, the two concepts differ in their motivation and their purpose. Templeton begins his discussion with the question "What is a species?" and the implicit assumption that species as individuals exist in nature. The genetic species concept arises from the basic question of whether organisms actually occur in groups that are individuals (i.e. species). click here: hey@biology.rutgers.edu

67. WashingtonPost.com: Demonic Males: Apes And The Origins Of Human Violence Chapter one of the book by Richard Wrangham and Dale Petersen. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/demonicmales.htm

[an error occurred while processing this directive] Go to Chapter One Section • Go to Book World's Review Demonic Males Apes and the Origins of Human Violence By Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson Chapter One: Paradise Lost "You will be killed!" the man at the Burundian embassy in Kampala said, in a bizarrely cheerful voice, as he stamped our visas. But killing was the reason we were in Africa. Dale Peterson and I were exploring the deep origins of human violence, back to the time before our species diverged from rainforest apes, 5 to 6 million years ago. Not only ancestral to humans, those early rainforest apes were also part of a genetic line now represented by the four modern great ape species: orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. Both of us had already observed orangutans in Borneo and gorillas and chimpanzees in Africa, but neither of us had yet seen the fourth and rarest ape, the bonobo, in the wild. To get to the bonobos, we first had to reach Bukavu, a town on the eastern side of Zaire, just across the border from Rwanda. In Bukavu, we would pick up a single-engine plane and fly west for three hours across a sea of forest until, having passed more than halfway across the continent, we would find an airstrip and a little town isolated in that great green world. Near the town was the small pocket of rainforest where the bonobos lived. To fly directly from Uganda to Zaire was impossible because the shaky Zairean government, fighting for control of the country, had closed all international airports, and driving overland was not advised because of discouraging reports about bandits and guerrillas. And so we had decided to fly south from Uganda into Burundi, then drive a rented van through Burundi and Rwanda, and on into eastern Zaire.

68. Survival Of The Surliest | Technology | Guardian.co.uk Article from Guardian Unlimited on a supposed argument between Gouldians and Dawkinsians. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/1999/mar/04/onlinesupplement9

document.domain = "guardian.co.uk"; Turn autoplay off Turn autoplay on Please activate cookies in order to turn autoplay off Jump to content [s] Jump to site navigation [0] Jump to search [4] Terms and conditions [8] ... Register Text larger smaller About us About us Contact us Press office Guardian Print Centre ... Subscribe Today's paper The Observer Comment Sport New Review ... Observer Food Monthly Zeitgeist Today's hot topics guardian.co.uk Technology Web News Sport Comment Culture ... Technology Survival of the surliest What makes an arcane dispute among Darwin's disciples so fascinating - especially while controversy rages over who's right and who's wrong about genetically modified food - is how the dispute illustrates that science is less a question of fundamental truths than a case of differing interpretations enlivened by shifting alliances and personality clashes. Andrew Brown introduces the warring factions with a common devotion to Darwin Tweet this guardian.co.uk Thursday 4 March 1999 These two parties need names, and I propose to call them Gouldians and Dawkinsians. This won't please anyone involved. They will point out that the parties in question are vague and disorganised; that they don't have leaders and that if they did the candidates would be the men who got most respect as scientists in each party: Maynard Smith, perhaps, and Lewontin, not Dawkins and Gould.

69. Memetics A meme is a cognitive or behavioral pattern that can be transmitted from one individual to another one. References, links. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/MEMES.html

Memetics Meme: an information pattern, held in an individual's memory, which is capable of being copied to another individual's memory. Memetics: the theoretical and empirical science that studies the replication, spread and evolution of memes Cultural evolution, including the evolution of knowledge , can be modelled through the same basic principles of variation and selection that underly biological evolution . This implies a shift from genes as units of biological information to a new type of units of cultural information: memes A meme is a cognitive or behavioral pattern that can be transmitted from one individual to another one. Since the individual who transmitted the meme will continue to carry it, the transmission can be interpreted as a replication : a copy of the meme is made in the memory of another individual, making him or her into a carrier of the meme. This process of self-reproduction (the memetic life-cycle ), leading to spreading over a growing group of individuals, defines the meme as a replicator, similar in that respect to the gene (Dawkins, 1976; Moritz, 1991). Dawkins listed the following three characteristics for any successful replicator: copying-fidelity: the more faithful the copy, the more will remain of the initial pattern after several rounds of copying. If a painting is reproduced by making photocopies from photocopies, the underlying pattern will quickly become unrecognizable.

70. Index Includes texts by Dr Susan Blackmore and links to other articles online. http://www.memes.org.uk/

Home MemeLab Links Publications ... Back to Sue's site NEW ... Enjoy the Replicators' Song The third replicator August 2010 - join the debate in the New York Times and On the Human To find out more about temes , watch my TED talk now podcast in English and Spanish, read a book chapter a blog from Hassners on my lecture or read the Feature article in New Scientist Great memes cartoon wins free expression prize Richard Dawkins on memetically engineering the word "bright" in "Atheist - the Dirty Word " YouTube Read a meme story The Power of Memes now translated into Russian Interview for " The New Evolutionary Enlightenment " on memes and group selection. Also in On From the Exile in both English and Spanish. C- Realm podcast - Sue Blackmore talks to KMO about memes, drugs and Zen - 28 January 2009 Edge Question 2009 What will change everything? Read my response - Artificial, self replicating meme machines. German article in Der Spiegel - machines will enslave us!

71. Cultural Software Information about a book that explains the development of ideology and human cultural understanding through the spread and evolution of memes and cultural know-how. http://www.culturalsoftware.com

Cultural Software: NONE NONE Cultural Software

72. Colorless Green Homunculi By William L. Benzon Essay/review of The Electric Meme A New Theory of How We Think. http://human-nature.com/nibbs/02/benzon.html

Home - Human Nature Review The Human Nature Daily Review Online Dictionary Of Mental Health What is New? Search Feedback Guestbook Free Electronic Books Darwin and Darwinism Science as Culture Free Associations Human Relations, Authority and Justice Kleinian Studies Against All Reason Burying Freud The Seduction Theory Amazon.com Amazon.co.uk The Origin of Species The Expression of the Emotions The Voyage of the Beagle The Descent of Man T.H.Huxley Autobiography Discourse on the Method The Varieties of Religious Experience Proposed Roads to Freedom The Warfare of Science with Theology Psychoanalytic Aesthetics Unfree Associations Mind, Brain and Adaptation Darwin's Metaphor Mental Space The Culture of British Psychoanalysis Whatever Happened to Human Nature? Group Relations Lost for Words The Story of a Mental Hospital Victims of Memory Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge The Evolution of Human Sex Differences How the Mind Works Fashionable Nonsense The Biotech Century Process Press Robert M. Young - Home Page Robert M. Young - Index of Papers Evolutionary Psychology Mental Health Research Radical Science Human Nature Books Human Nature Information Object Relations European Psychotherapy Psychoanalytic Studies Science as Culture Human Nature Review ISSN 1476-1084 Table of Contents What's New Search Feedback ... Search for papers by Benzon, W. L.

73. ``Memes, The New Replicators'' The text that started off the science of memetics. http://www.rubinghscience.org/memetics/dawkinsmemes.html

http://www.rubinghscience.org/memetics/dawkinsmemes.html Dec. 1999 Chapter 11 from Richard Dawkins, ``The Selfish Gene'' [ First published 1976; 1989 edition: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-286092-5 (paperback) ], the best short introduction to, and the text that kicked off, the new science of MEMETICS (and, also, the text where Dawkins coined the term ` meme The following, key, paragraph of this chapter may perhaps serve as an abstract: The notes (1), (2), ... are from the 1989 edition. Highlights ** and text in square brackets are not original. 11. Memes: the new replicators So far, I have not talked much about man in particular, though I have not deliberately excluded him either. Part of the reason I have used the term `survival machine' is that `animal' would have left out plants and, in some people's minds, humans. The arguments I have put forward should, prima facie, apply to any evolved being. If a species is to be excepted, it must be for good reasons. Are there any good reasons for supposing our own species to be unique ? I believe the answer is yes. Most of what is unusual about man can be summed up in one word: `culture'. I use the word not in its snobbish sense, but as a scientist uses it. Cultural transmission is analogous to genetic transmission in that, although basically conservative, it can give rise to a form of evolution. Geoffrey Chaucer could not hold a conversation with a modern Englishman, even though they are linked to each other by an unbroken chain of some twenty generations of Englishmen, each of whom could speak to his immediate neighbours in the chain as a son speaks to his father. Language seems to `evolve' by non-genetic means, and at a rate which is orders of magnitude faster than genetic evolution.

74. NeoBiology And Ethetics - A Powerful New Way Of Viewing Life The neobiological model indicates that all living systems, genetic and memetic belong to the realm of biology. Ethetics is the field which encompasses all self-perpetuating algorithmic structures, including genetics and memetics. http://neobiology.earthsociety.org/

75. Church Of Virus Virus is a collection of mutually-supporting ideas (a meme-complex) encompassing philosophy, science, technology, politics, and religion. http://www.churchofvirus.org/

76. Memetics - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Information from Wikipedia on this neo-Darwinian approach to evolutionary models of cultural information transfer based on the concept of the meme. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memetics

Memetics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding reliable references . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (June 2009) This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards Please improve this article if you can. The talk page may contain suggestions. (August 2010) This article is related to the study of self-replicating units of culture, not to be confused with mimetics Memetics is a theory of mental content based on an analogy with Darwinian evolution , which was originated by Richard Dawkins in the 1976 book The Selfish Gene It purports to be an approach to evolutionary models of cultural information transfer . A meme , analogous to a gene, is an idea, belief, pattern of behaviour (etc.) which is "hosted" in one or more individual minds, and which can reproduce itself from mind to mind. Thus what would otherwise be regarded as one individual influencing another to adopt a belief is seen memetically as a meme reproducing itself. As with genetics, particularly under Dawkins's interpretation, a meme's success may be due its contribution to the effectiveness of its host (i.e., a the meme is a useful, beneficial idea), or may be "selfish", in which case it could be considered a "virus of the mind". Memetics is notable for sidestepping the traditional concern with the truth of ideas and beliefs.

77. Definition Of Meme | Memes.org: Mind Viruses Defines the term and explains the theory. From memes.org, a blog and forum devoted to memes, memetics, emergence theory and conspiracy. http://www.memes.org/definition-of-meme

@import "/files/css/94bdc57a2b41261ceba2efce84c838ba.css"; Join Memes Definition of Meme Forums Home Definition of Meme View Track By admin - Posted on September 17th, 2007 Tagged: define defined definition definition of meme ... memetics A meme is any unit of cultural information, such as a practice or idea, that is transmitted verbally or by repeated action from one mind to another. A meme is defined within memetic theory as a unit of cultural information, cultural evolution or diffusion that propagates from one mind to another analogously to the way in which a gene propagates from one organism to another as a unit of genetic information and of biological evolution. Multiple memes may propagate as cooperative groups called memeplexes (meme complexes). Via Wikipedia Biologist and evolutionary theorist Richard Dawkins coined the term meme in 1976. He gave as examples tunes, catch-phrases, beliefs, clothing fashions, ways of making pots, and the technology of building arches. Meme theorists contend that memes evolve by natural selection similarly to Charles Darwin 's theory of biological evolution through the processes of variation, mutation, competition, and inheritance influencing an organism's reproductive success. So with memes, some ideas will propagate less successfully and become extinct, while others will survive, spread, and, for better or for worse, mutate. Memeticists argue that the memes most beneficial to their hosts will not necessarily survive; rather, those memes that replicate the most effectively spread best, which allows for the possibility that successful memes may prove detrimental to their hosts.

78. The Art Of Memetics By Wes Unruh, Edward Wilson Book of this name by Wes Unruh and Edward Wilson, about how ideas grow might and power, and spread as if by magic. Read online, or purchase the hard or softback version. http://artofmemetics.com

79. Memes To Be Discussed! Blog discussing what memes are, what can we do with them, who controls who, what drives them and are memes real? http://memes.typepad.com/

Memes to be discussed! A blog to discuss about what memes are, what can we do with them?, who controls who?, what drives a meme? and are memes real...? Home Archives Subscribe Your email address: Powered by FeedBlitz Recent Posts Update! The 10 steps to creating a successful Viral Full Disclosure: Sponsored Conversations on Twitter Raise Concerns, Prompt Standards How do ideas spread? What makes a story grow? ... Add me to your TypePad People list Recent Comments NFL Jerseys on Twitter, the buzzing of a mosquito? Ralph on The 10 steps to creating a successful Viral Tanner Christensen on The 10 steps to creating a successful Viral Ralph on The 10 steps to creating a successful Viral David Meerman Scott on The 10 steps to creating a successful Viral oggigorilla on Twitter, the buzzing of a mosquito? Take Kerkhof on Twitter, the buzzing of a mosquito? Ralph on Twitter, the buzzing of a mosquito? Cory @ MorePro on Twitter, the buzzing of a mosquito? David Meerman Scott on Tracking the life and death of news Subscribe to this blog's feed Information about memes An overview of memes definitions Archives September 2009 July 2009 ... Blog powered by TypePad Member since 07/2009 News widgets and RSS feeds on Feedzilla.com

80. Memetics: Culture And Evolution Explores the nature of a meme, memetic theory and culture relating to evolution. http://meme-evolution-and-culture.blogspot.com/

skip to main skip to sidebar Memetics: Culture and Evolution Explores the nature of memetics, memetic theory, memes, and culture relating to evolution. Tuesday, August 11, 2009 This is an epic article that relates chaos and complexity theory to the cultural evolution of memes. I will go into detail about a number of phenomena that these fields present us, and how they apply to memetics. Quick Navigation: 1 Chaos Theory 1.1 Chaotic Systems 1.1.1 Sensitive Dependence (The Butterfly Effect) 1.1.2 Deterministic Behavior ... 4 Final Remarks Chaos theory chaotic system is. The three major qualities in the aforementioned are sensitive dependence, deterministic interactions, and non-linear dynamics. The Butterfly Effect is a well-known folklore describing sensitive dependence The term for deterministic The third quality of a chaotic system is non-linearity State space As an aside, some theoreticians like to throw in a fourth variable into the definition of chaos: aperiodic evolution. This essentially means that an evolving chaotic system never repeats values in a recognizable or regular manner. It may tend to progress towards or be attracted to a specific outcome, although the relations between microscopic agents never repeat themselves. The Lorenz attractor is one example of a chaotic system, as seen below.

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