1. Pope Alexander VI - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Llan ol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja was Pope from 1492 to 1503. He is one of the most controversial of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI

Pope Alexander VI From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Alexander VI Papacy began August 11, 1492 Papacy ended August 18, 1503 11 years, 7 days) Predecessor Innocent VIII Successor Pius III Personal details Birth name Valencian: Roderic Llançol de Borja i Borja Italian Rodrigo Borgia Born January 1, 1431 Xàtiva Valencia Crown of Aragon Died Rome Papal States Other Popes named Alexander Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503) (Valentian: Alexandre VI, Spanish Alejandro VI ), born Roderic Llançol , later Roderic de Borja i Borja Italian Rodrigo Borgia ) was Pope from 1492 to 1503. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, and his surname (Italianized as Borgia ) became a byword for the debased standards of the Papacy of that era; the Borgia popes greatly weakened the moral authority of the Catholic Church Contents Birth and family Education and election Nepotism and opposition French involvement ... edit Birth and family Roderic Llançol was born at Xàtiva in the Kingdom of Valencia , one of the component states of the Crown of Aragon . His parents were Jofré Llançol i Escrivà (died bef. 24 March 1437) and his wife and relative Isabel de Borja (i Llançol?) (died 19 October 1468). His family name is written Llançol in

2. Pope Alexander II: Facts, Discussion Forum, And Encyclopedia Article The pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Pope_Alexander_II

Home Discussion Topics Dictionary ... Login Pope Alexander II Pope Alexander II Topic Home Discussion Discussion Ask a question about ' Pope Alexander II Start a new discussion about ' Pope Alexander II Answer questions from other users Full Discussion Forum Encyclopedia Alexander II (died April 21, 1073), born Anselmo da Baggio , was Pope Pope The pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church... from 1061 to 1073. He was born in Milan Milan Milan is a city in Italy and the capital of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1,300,000, while the urban area is the first in Italy and the fifth largest in the European Union with a population of 4,345,000 over an area of... . As bishop of Lucca he had been an energetic coadjutor with Hildebrand Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII , born Hildebrand of Sovana , was Pope from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal authority... in endeavouring to suppress simony Simony Simony is the crime of paying for sacraments and consequently for holy offices or positions in the hierarchy of a church, named after Simon Magus, who appears in the Acts of the Apostles 8:18-24. Simon Magus offers the disciples of Jesus, Peter and John payment so that anyone on whom he would...

3. Pope Alexander VII - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Short biographical article. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII

Pope Alexander VII From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Alexander VII Papacy began 7 April 1655 Papacy ended 22 May 1667 Predecessor Innocent X Successor Clement IX Personal details Birth name Fabio Chigi Born 13 February 1599 Siena Grand Duchy of Tuscany Died Rome Papal States Other Popes named Alexander Pope Alexander VII (13 February 1599 – 22 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi , was Pope from 7 April 1655, until his death. Contents Bibliography Early life Papal legate and State Secretary Election as Pope ... edit Bibliography edit Early life Born in Siena , a member of the illustrious banking family of Chigi and a great-nephew of Pope Paul V (1605–1621), he was privately tutored and eventually received doctorates of philosophy, law, and theology from the University of Siena edit Papal legate and State Secretary In 1627 he began his apprenticeship as vice- papal legate at Ferrara , and on recommendations from two cardinals he was appointed successively Inquisitor of Malta and nuncio in Cologne (1639–1651). There, he supported Urban VIII 's condemnation of Jansenius Augustinus by the papal bull In eminenti of 1642.

4. Alexander Pope: Poems An index of poems by Alexander Pope. POEMS BY ALEXANDER POPE http://www.poetry-archive.com/p/pope_alexander.html

POEMS BY ALEXANDER POPE: The Dying Christian to his Soul Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady Lines by a Person of Quality On a certain Lady at Court ... You Know Where You did Despise RELATED LINKS Find articles on Alexander Pope Purchase books by Alexander Pope Search eBay! for Alexander Pope collectibles BROWSE THE POETRY ARCHIVE: A B C D ... Email Poetry-Archive.com

5. Alexander Pope (1688-1744) British Writer. (16881744) British writer. Introduced to London life by William Wycherly, Alexander Pope became well-known for Essay on Criticism (1711). Other works include Rape of the Lock http://classiclit.about.com/od/popealexander/Pope_Alexander.htm

zWASL=1 zGL='0';zGR='ca-about-radlink'; zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Classic Literature Classic Literature Search Classic Literature Filed In: A-to-Z Writers A-to-Z Writers P - Writers - Last Names (1688-1744) British writer. Introduced to London life by William Wycherly, Alexander Pope became well-known for "Essay on Criticism" (1711). Other works include: "Rape of the Lock" (1712-1714), and "Ode for Music on St. Cecilia's Day." Essay on Criticism - Pope @ Alexander Pope Quotes Alexander Pope is famous for An Essay on Criticism. He was a critic, essayist, satirist, and one of the greatest poets of the Enlightenment. Pope is a popular figure for study in literary history. Here are a few quotes from Alexander Pope. zSB(3,3) Alexander Pope - A Short Biographical Dictionary Read more about Alexander Pope, from "A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature." Profile: Alexander Pope Read about the life and works of Alexander Pope. Books About Alexander Pope (1688-1744) British writer. Alexander Pope was a poet, critic, satirist, and essayist. Pope is famous for "Essay on Criticism," "The Rape of the Lock," and "Essay on Man." Read more about the life of Alexander Pope. Free Classic Literature Newsletter!

6. Pope Alexander VI Biography, Pictures, Videos - FamousWhy Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo de Borja) was born on Saturday, January 01, 1431 in Ji tiva and he was a famous personality from Italy of Roman Catholic religion http://people.famouswhy.com/pope_alexander_vi/

Born Today Born Where Fame Schooling Movies ... Couples Statistics: Visits: 26 Votes: Fame Riser Fame Rank N/A On this page Pope Alexander VI Biography Pope Alexander VI Videos Pope Alexander VI Links Useful Tabs ... Passed Away on August 18 Pope Alexander VI Fan-Club BECOME A FAMOUS FAN! Pope Alexander VI has no Fans yet! Famous People Artists Actors Actresses ... [edit biography] Pope Alexander VI Q: Ask a Question about Pope Alexander VI Home People Others Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo de Borja) was born on Saturday, January 01, 1431 in Ji¡tiva and he was a famous personality from Italy of Roman Catholic religion. Life in Brief: - Being born on Jan 01, Pope Alexander was a Capricorn. - his ethnicity: Hispanic. - his mother's name: Isabella Borja. - his father's name: Jofre Lani§ol. He died on Tuesday, August 18, 1503, in Rome; cause of death: unspecified. Famous Why : Divided the New World for Portugal. Pope Alexander VI Lists 1431 births 1503 deaths People from Costera Popes ... Renaissance Papacy Pope Alexander VI Videos Kaito and Miku's "ƒÂ£¢â‚¬Å¡‚«ƒÂ£†Ã... irrelevant broken Kaito and Mikus ƒÂ£¢â‚¬Å¡‚«ƒÂ£†â€™‚³ƒÂ£¢â‚¬Å¡‚¿ƒÂ£†â€™‚¬ƒÂ£†â€™‚© with Romaji Lyrics Leonardo Da Vinci Atom Model GIORGIO @ LEGLISE DE LINCARNATION LISBONNE 2008 Guardia Swizzera Pontificia (Elmar Theodor MƒÆ’‚¤der) The Borgias Trailer ETHIOPIAN IDOLATRY - CESARE BORGIA V. ORIGINAL BLACK YESUS!

7. Pope Alexander Viii Pope Alexander VIII (22 April 1610 ndash; 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691. Early life Pietro Ottoboni was born of a noble Venetian http://www.kosmix.com/topic/Pope_Alexander_VIII

Kosmix One sec... we're building your guide for Pope Alexander Viii document.k_start_apptier = "Oct 31 16:33:01.561057"; kapp.assignCol($('ads_banner_top'), 'topnav_container'); Pope Alexander VIII Overview Shopping Images Video ... Reference kapp.nav_menu_container = $('refine_nav').down(".navs_container"); kapp.assignCol($('refine_nav'), 'topnav_container'); kapp.assignCol($('uc_kosmixarticles_shadow'), 'right_container'); Articles for Pope Alexander VIII The Kosmix Community He was the holder of the papal office for the period stretching from the year 1689 to 1691. Born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, he was the son of the Chancellor of the Republic of Venice. He studied at the University of Pradua he earned a doctorate in Canon and Civil law in 1627. He travelled to Rome and became the governor of Terni, Spoleto and Rieti in the period Pope Urban VIII was in office. He also served as the auditor of the Rota for fourteen years and then the bishopry of Brescia at the ... see more He was the holder of the papal office for the period stretching from the year 1689 to 1691. Born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, he was the son of the Chancellor of the Republic of Venice. He studied at the University of Pradua he earned a doctorate in Canon and Civil law in 1627. He travelled to Rome and became the governor of Terni, Spoleto and Rieti in the period Pope Urban VIII was in office. He also served as the auditor of the Rota for fourteen years and then the bishopry of Brescia at the request of the Venetian Republic.

8. Pope Alexander Vi Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian Borgia), who was Pope from 1492 to 1503, is the most controversial of the secular popes of http://www.kosmix.com/topic/Pope_Alexander_VI

Kosmix One sec... we're building your guide for Pope Alexander Vi document.k_start_apptier = "Oct 31 16:33:00.540701"; kapp.assignCol($('ads_banner_top'), 'topnav_container'); Pope Alexander VI Overview Shopping Images Video ... Reference kapp.nav_menu_container = $('refine_nav').down(".navs_container"); kapp.assignCol($('refine_nav'), 'topnav_container'); kapp.assignCol($('uc_kosmixarticles_shadow'), 'right_container'); Articles for Pope Alexander VI The Kosmix Community Author: Yael Mashbaum Contact: Facebook Pope Alexander VI, born as Roderic Llancol, lived from 1431-1503 and was Pope from 1492 until his death. From Spanish origin, Roderc de Borja, as he was also called, studied law and then moved up the ranks in the church, from bishop to cardinal to vice-chancellor. He served in the Roman Curia under five popes and gained experience which would prove to be useful during his papacy. In 1492 after the death of Pope Innocent VIII, Borja received the majority of votes and became Pope Alexander VI. ... see more Pope Alexander VI, born as Roderic Llancol, lived from 1431-1503 and was Pope from 1492 until his death. From Spanish origin, Roderc de Borja, as he was also called, studied law and then moved up the ranks in the church, from bishop to cardinal to vice-chancellor. He served in the Roman Curia under five popes and gained experience which would prove to be useful during his papacy. In 1492 after the death of Pope Innocent VIII, Borja received the majority of votes and became Pope Alexander VI. He was controversial and began his reign by a strict administration of justice but soon his degree of nepotism built him enemies as well as allies, and he learned how to play the political game. Pope Alexander VI had four children by his mistress and he married them off well. In 1503 the Pope developed a fever and was too old to recover. His intestines began to bleed and after he accepted his last rites and made confession, he died on August 18th 1503 at the age of 72.

9. Pope Alexander II Biography, Pictures, Videos - FamousWhy Pope Alexander II (Anselmo Baggio) was born in Baggio and he was a famous personality from Italy of Roman Catholic religion http://people.famouswhy.com/pope_alexander_ii/

Born Today Born Where Fame Schooling Movies ... Couples Statistics: Visits: 9 Votes: Fame Riser Fame Rank N/A On this page Pope Alexander II Biography Pope Alexander II Videos Pope Alexander II Pictures Pope Alexander II Links ... Italy Pope Alexander II Fan-Club BECOME A FAMOUS FAN! Pope Alexander II has no Fans yet! Famous People Artists Actors Actresses ... [edit biography] Pope Alexander II Q: Ask a Question about Pope Alexander II Home People Others Pope Alexander II (Anselmo Baggio) was born in Baggio and he was a famous personality from Italy of Roman Catholic religion. Life in Brief: - his ethnicity: White. He died on Wednesday, April 21, 1075, in Rome; cause of death: unspecified. Famous Why : Roman Catholic Pope. Pope Alexander II Lists Popes Italian popes 11th-century Roman Catholic bishops Bishops of Lucca ... Burials at Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican Pope Alexander II Pictures Pope Alexander II Videos 1. Albinoni: Concerto for Oboe in D minor irrelevant broken 1. Albinoni: Concerto for Oboe in D minor 1. Albinoni: Concerto for Oboe in C major 1. Albinoni: Concerto for Oboe in B flat major

10. Pope Alexander III - Original Catholic Encyclopedia Pope Alexander III Reigned 11591181. Page scans include illustrations, maps, and images from the original Catholic Encyclopedia http://oce.catholic.com/index.php?title=Pope_Alexander_III

11. Pope, Alexander | Eighteenth-Century Book Tracker Author(s) Title Imprint Year Bibliographical Reference Note ; Pope, Alexander An Essay on Criticism London Printed for W. Lewis, and Sold by W http://nutmeg.easternct.edu/~pauleyb/c18booktracker/taxonomy/term/13

User login Username: Password: Create new account Request new password Eighteenth-Century Book Tracker Navigation Find Texts Search for Texts Index of Authors Periodicals ... Home Try out the NEW Eighteenth-Century Book Tracker bookmarklet Pope, Alexander Author(s) Title Imprint Year Bibliographical Reference Note Pope, Alexander An Essay on Criticism London: Printed for W. Lewis, and Sold by W. Taylor, T. Osborn, and J. Graves ESTC T5570 Pope, Alexander Miscellaneous Poems and Translations London: Printed for Bernard Lintot ESTC T5777 Pope, Alexander An Essay on Criticism. The Second Edition London: Printed for W. Lewis in Russel-Street Covent-Garden ESTC T5572 Pope, Alexander The Rape of the Lock. The Second Edition London: Printed for Bernard Lintott, at the Cross-Keys in Fleet-Street ESTC T5728 Pope, Alexander The Rape of the Lock. The Third Edition London: Printed for Bernard Lintott, at the Cross-Keys, between the two Temple Gates in Fleet-Street ESTC T5729 Pope, Alexander

12. An Essay On Criticism Text version. http://eserver.org/poetry/essay-on-criticism.html

Up to the EServer Up to the Poetry Collection An Essay on Criticism Alexander Pope 'Tis hard to say, if greater Want of Skill Appear in Writing or in Judging ill, But, of the two, less dang'rous is th' Offence, To tire our Patience, than mis-lead our Sense: Some few in that, but Numbers err in this, Ten Censure wrong for one who Writes amiss; A Fool might once himself alone expose, Now One in Verse makes many more in Prose. 'Tis with our Judgments as our Watches, none Go just alike, yet each believes his own. In Poets as true Genius is but rare, True Taste as seldom is the Critick's Share; Both must alike from Heav'n derive their Light, These born to Judge, as well as those to Write. Let such teach others who themselves excell, And censure freely who have written well. Authors are partial to their Wit, 'tis true, But are not Criticks to their Judgment too? Yet if we look more closely, we shall find Most have the Seeds of Judgment in their Mind; Nature affords at least a glimm'ring Light; The Lines, tho' touch'd but faintly, are drawn right.

13. Alexander Pope - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Alexander Pope; Alexander Pope (c. 1727), an English poet best known for his Essay on Criticism, Rape of the Lock and The Dunciad Born 21 May 1688 (168805-21) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope

Alexander Pope From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search For other uses, see Alexander Pope (disambiguation) Alexander Pope Alexander Pope c. 1727), an English poet best known for his Essay on Criticism Rape of the Lock and The Dunciad Born 21 May 1688 London Died Occupation Poet Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) was an eighteenth-century English poet, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer . He is the third most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations , after Shakespeare and Tennyson Pope is famous for his use of the heroic couplet Contents Life Early career Essay on Criticism Translations of the Iliad ... edit Life Pope was born to Edith Pope (née Turner) (1643–1733) and Alexander Pope Senior. (1646–1717) a linen merchant of Plough Court, Lombard Street, London, who were both Catholics Pope's education was affected by the penal law in force at the time upholding the status of the established Church of England , which banned Catholics from teaching, attending a university, voting, or holding public office on pain of perpetual imprisonment. Pope was taught to read by his aunt, then went to Twyford School in about 1698–9.

14. Pope, Alexander - Enlightenment Revolution Pope, Alexander (16881744) English, Poet. Alexander Pope was England’s most important poet of the eighteenth century before the Romantics. http://www.enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php/Pope,_Alexander

Pope, Alexander From Enlightenment Revolution Jump to: navigation search Pope, Alexander (1688-1744): English, Poet. Alexander Pope was England’s most important poet of the eighteenth century before the Romantics. Born to middle-class Roman Catholic parents, Pope was part of a disenfranchised religious minority that was looked upon with suspicion. Pope also suffered from tuberculosis of the spine, which stunted his growth, deformed his back, and forced him to endure pain and ridicule. Despite these handicaps, Pope forged a highly successful career as a poet, producing a large body of significant writing, which included works of satire, aesthetics, and moral and philosophical reflection. Pope was largely self-taught. As a Catholic, he was barred from universities and most schools, though he did attend some Catholic schools that were tolerated. At age twelve he began to study on his own and to take private language lessons. In 1705 he met Sir William Trumbull (former secretary of state) who encouraged his early literary efforts and introduced him to other writers and political figures, notably WilliamWycherley, William Walsh, and Lord Somers. In 1709, Pope announced himself as a poet by publishing

15. The Rape Of The Lock Full text of the poem at the EServer, based at Iowa State University. http://eserver.org/poetry/rape-of-the-lock.html

Up to the EServer Up to the Poetry Collection The Rape of the Lock An Heroi-Comical Poem Alexander Pope Part 1 WHAT dire Offence from am'rous Causes springs, What mighty Contests rise from trivial Things, I sing This Verse to C- , Muse! is due; This, ev'n Belinda may vouchfafe to view: Slight is the Subject, but not so the Praise, If She inspire, and He approve my Lays. Say what strange Motive, Goddess! cou'd compel A well-bred Lord t'assault a gentle Belle? Oh say what stranger Cause, yet unexplor'd, Cou'd make a gentle Belle reject a Lord And dwells such Rage in softest Bosoms then? And lodge such daring Souls in Little Men? Sol thro' white Curtains shot a tim'rous Ray, And op'd those Eyes that must eclipse the Day; Now Lapdogs give themselves the rowzing Shake, And sleepless Lovers, just at Twelve, awake: Thrice rung the Bell, the Slipper knock'd the Ground, And the press'd Watch return'd a silver Sound. Belinda still her downy Pillow prest, Her Guardian Sylph prolong'd the balmy Rest. 'Twas he had summon'd to her silent Bed The Morning-Dream that hover'd o'er her Head.

16. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander VI Rodrigo Borgia, born at Xativa, near Valencia, in Spain, 1 January, 1431; died in Rome, 18 August, 1503 http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01289a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI Rodrigo Borgia , born at Xativa, near Valencia , in Spain , 1 January, 1431; died in Rome , 18 August, 1503. His parents were Jofre Isabella Borja, sister of Cardinal Alfonso Borja, later Pope Callixtus III The young Rodrigo had not yet definitely chosen his profession when the elevation of his uncle to the papacy (1455) opened up new prospects to his ambition . He was adopted into the immediate family of Callixtus and was known henceforward to the Italians as Rodrigo Borgia . Like so many other princely cadets, he was obtruded upon the Church , the question of a clerical vocation being left completely out of consideration. After conferring several rich benefices on him, his uncle sent him for a short year to study law at the University of Bologna . In 1456, at the age of twenty-five, he was made Cardinal Deacon of St. Nicolo in Carcere , and held that title until 1471, when he became Cardinal-Bishop of Albano ; in 1476 he was made Cardinal-Bishop of Porto and Dean of the Sacred College (Eubel

17. Pope Alexander VI, Sinful Pope, Alexander Borgia, Cesare Fulfilling the Catholic Church's Call to Penance and Repentance . in the Modern World . The Confraternity of Penitents http://www.penitents.org/AlexVI.htm

Fulfilling the Catholic Church's Call to Penance and Repentance in the Modern World The Confraternity of Penitents "You shall love the Lord your God with your whole heart, with your whole soul, and with all your mind, (and) you shall love your neighbor as yourself." (Jesus's words as recorded in Matthew 22:37-38) Pope Alexander VI: What Was God Thinking? Please Consult the Following Links to: Home Rule of Life Gift Shop History ... Inquirer Application St. Thomas Aquinas artist unknown A thing essentially evil cannot exist. The foundation of evil is always a good subject. . . . Take away all evil, and much good would go with it. God's care is to bring good out of the evils that happen, not to abolish them. . . . A lion would cease to live if there were no slaying of animals; and there would be no patience of martyrs if there were no tyrannical presecution. St. Thomas Aquinas

18. The Gender Fallacy Essay at Rutgers University by William Dowling which uses Pope s Eloisa to Abelard to study the issue of gender identification by authors, specifically that involved in late 20th century feminist criticism. http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~wcd/gender.htm

The Gender Fallacy William C. Dowling The genetic fallacy as I want to consider it is usefully exemplified in an analysis of Eloisa to Abelard undertaken a few years ago by Ellen Pollak in a feminist study of the poetry of Pope and Swift. Eloisa to Abelard poses a genuine problem for feminist criticism precisely because Eloisa has to so many generations of readers seemed so real "as a woman." Crying out from the lonely walls of the convent to which she has been exiled by their tragic love affair, speaking to an absent and imagined Abelard with all the passion that she must have felt when she was younger and they were together, Eloisa has always been a poetic voice behind whom it has seemed difficult or, what is perhaps the same thing, irrelevant to hear the voice of an "actual" Alexander Pope. There are several logical problems here. The first is that it is hard to see how, insofar as it begins from a notion of male writers as in some necessary sense misogynist, a properly feminist interpretation of Eloisa to Abelard could come to any other conclusion. Pollak herself explicitly raises this issue as part of the question whether Pope or Swift might not, in this or that isolated instance, have registered a genuine empathy with female experience. But it is not a suggestion she wishes to entertain. Even "to argue whether or not the texts of the two poets are misogynist is," she points out, "already to entertain the possibility that they (or some of them) may not be." And, "since these texts are the products of a phallocentric culture and of its authorizing sign-systems and codes" (183), it is something like an a priori certainty that they will mirror their misogynist origins.

19. Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI. AKA Rodrigo de Borja. Born 1Jan-1431 Birthplace J tiva, Spain Died 18-Aug-1503 Location of death Rome, Italy Cause of death unspecified http://www.nndb.com/people/159/000092880/

This is a beta version of NNDB Search: All Names Living people Dead people Band Names Book Titles Movie Titles Full Text for Pope Alexander VI AKA Rodrigo de Borja Born: 1-Jan Birthplace: Died: 18-Aug Location of death: Rome, Italy Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, Iglesia de Santiago y Montserrat, Rome, Italy Gender: Male Religion: Roman Catholic Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Religion Nationality: Italy Executive summary: Divided the New World for Portugal, Spain Pope Pius II On the death of Pope Innocent VIII Ferdinand of Aragon , king of Naples (Don Ferrante). This brought the latter into conflict with Alexander, who determined to revenge himself by making an alliance with the king's enemies, especially the Sforza family, lords of Milan. In this he was opposed by Cardinal della Rovere, whose candidature for the papacy had been backed by Ferdinand. Della Rovere, feeling that Rome was a dangerous place for him, fortified himself in his bishopric of Ostia at the Tiber's mouth, while Ferdinand allied himself with Florence, Milan, Venice, and the pope formed a league against Naples (April 25, 1493) and prepared for war. Ferdinand appealed to Spain for help; but Spain was anxious to be on good terms with the pope to obtain a title over the newly discovered continent of America and could not afford to quarrel with him. Alexander meditated great marriages for his children. Lucrezia had been married to the Spaniard Don Gasparo de Procida, but on her father's elevation to the papacy the union was annulled, and in 1493 she was married to Giovanni Sforza, lord of Pesaro, the ceremony being celebrated at the Vatican with unparalleled magnificence. But in spite of the splendors of the court, the condition of Rome became every day more deplorable. The city swarmed with Spanish adventurers, assassins, prostitutes and informers; murder and robbery were committed with impunity, heretics and Jews were admitted to the city on payment of bribes, and the pope himself shamelessly cast aside all show of decorum, living a purely secular and immoral life, and indulging in the chase, dancing, stage plays and indecent orgies. One of his boon companions was Jem, the brother of the sultan Bayezid, detained as a hostage.

20. Johnson, "The Life Of Pope" Biography of Pope by Samuel Johnson in Johnson s text The Lives of the Poets. http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Texts/pope.html

The Life of Pope By Samuel Johnson Edited by Jack Lynch The text comes from Lives of the English Poets , ed. G. B. Hill, 3 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905). I have tried to reproduce Hill's text as carefully as possible, departing from it in only the following instances: Hill's paragraph numbers are preserved, but printed in brackets. The oe ligature is reproduced as two letters. The alignment of words on consecutive lines of poetry, which Johnson uses to indicate revision, is not always consistent; HTML does not easily allow that degree of control. Single and double quotation marks are reversed. A break between sections, indicated in the printed text by a skipped line, is indicated with a horizontal rule. The text is also available in an abridged version , which includes only the passages most often discussed in literature classes. Please send corrections to Jack Lynch POPE ALEXANDER POPE was born in London, May 22, 1688, of parents whose rank or station was never ascertained: we are informed that they were of "gentle blood"; that his father was of a family of which the Earl of Downe was the head, and that his mother was the daughter of William Turner, Esquire, of York, who had likewise three sons, one of whom had the honour of being killed, and the other of dying, in the service of Charles the First; the third was made a general officer in Spain, from whom the sister inherited what sequestrations and forfeitures had left in the family. This, and this only, is told by Pope; who is more willing, as I have heard observed, to shew what his father was not, than what he was. It is allowed that he grew rich by trade; but whether in a shop or on the Exchange was never discovered, till Mr. Tyers told, on the authority of Mrs. Racket, that he was a linen-draper in the Strand. Both parents were papists.

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