81. Leibniz, Not Locke, Inspired The Declaration Of Independence Polarizing article about the Declaration of Independence. http://members.tripod.com/~american_almanac/leiblock.htm

Celebrate the 4th of July by Learning American History: Leibniz, Not Locke, Inspired the Declaration of Independence by Phil Valenti Printed in The American Almanac , July 7, 1997. End of Page The American Revolution Site Map Overview Page ... Build your own FREE website at Tripod.com Share: Facebook Twitter Digg reddit document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard']); document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard2']); ``He stole lightning from the Heavens, and the sceptre from Tyrants'' Contents: Editorial Note: "Why We Reprint This Article" Leibniz, Not Locke, Inspired the Declaration of Independence Locke and Newton as Enemies of America Leibniz Become the Rallying Point ... Captions Editorial Note: Why we reprint this article Return to Contents It's the Fourth of July, and most Americans will celebrate the founding of our nation in some way. Yet, tragically, these same Americans, thanks to the degradation of history and culture in this country, for approximately the last 100 years, know almost nothing about the revolutionary principles of the birth of our republic. Although our nation was established in a self-conscious effort to build the first sovereign nation-state based on Christian principles, against the British Empire's feudal oligarcy, most people today believe the popular myth that our founding was based on a tax revolt!

82. Leibniz Discussion And Explanation A discussion and critique of the major Leibnizian points of argument, meant as an introduction to the philosopher and an aid to students. http://www.angelhaunt.net/leibniz/

83. Leibniz On The Problem Of Evil (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) An entry by Michael J. Murray, from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz-evil/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Leibniz on the Problem of Evil First published Sun Jan 4, 1998; substantive revision Wed Mar 16, 2005 1. The Variety of Problems of Evil in Leibniz 2. The Underachiever Problem 3. The Holiness Problem Bibliography ... Related Entries 1. The Variety of Problems of Evil in Leibniz Without question, the problem of evil vexed Leibniz as much as any philosophical problem during his career. This is obvious from the fact that the first and the last book length works that he authored, the Philosopher's Confession (written at age 26 in 1672) and the Theodicy (written in 1709, seven years before his death) were both devoted to this problem. It is, as well, equally striking that this latter work was the only book length treatise Leibniz saw fit to publish during his life. Before we take a closer look at Leibniz's views on the problem of evil, we will need to do some stage-setting to help us understand just what sort of problem Leibniz thought evil presented. Open any contemporary introductory textbook and philosophy and it becomes clear that the problem of evil in contemporary philosophy is thought of as an argument for atheism. Since, the atheist contends, God and evil are incompatible, and evil clearly exists, there is no God. Some, thinking that the claimed incompatibility in the above argument is too strong, argue that even if the existence of God and the existence of evil prove compatible, the existence (or duration, or amount, or distribution) of evil provides us with at least strong evidence that God does not exist.

84. Leibniz Biographical information, assorted pictures, and links, provided by Jan Cover. http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~jacover/Leibniz.htm

LEIBNIZ Here is a great philosopher, Leibniz. And here is the signature of a great philosopher, Leibniz. You can cruise the biography links below, to find out more about the fellow. They might tell you that he invented and built a calculating machine, which indeed he did: here it is (or rather, here's a picture of the thing): That's one cool looking box, isn't it? The biographies won't tell you that Leibniz was a messy writer a scribbler, since he was a deep thinker and, lacking the luxury of hitting 'delete' or 'backspace', would fuss at his work to get it right. Try reading this: If you don't care about all this old stuff, or about the philosophical nature of the links below, then Leibniz or anyway, his namesake still has something for you: he was a good philosopher, and Leibniz Cookies are good cookies. Perhaps you can go off and eat cookies some Leibniz Butter Cakes, say. If you collect coins, perhaps you'll want to keep your eye out for the low-mintage German 5DM coin with a swell likeness of Leibniz on the front. Or, if you like the cookies and like to collect but don't want to collect cookies, you could collect cookie-related non-cookie items Leibniz-Keks collectibles, say, such as this limited-edition train car...

85. Leibniz Portrait, detailed timeline and list of works. http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/leibniz.html

GOTTFREID WILHELM LEIBNIZ (1646-1716) Leibniz Time Line Arnauld and Malbranche , and by the mathematical and scientific genius of the physicist, Christiaan Huygens. By the time he leaves Paris he has layed the foundations for his differential calculus. 1673 While in Paris, enters the service of the Duke John Frederick of Brunswick. 1676 Is asked by John Frederick to return to Germany. On his way to Hanover he visits England and stops in Holland where he meets Spinoza . He spends the next fourty years in the service of three successive dukes of the Brunswick family in Hanover. 1679 John Frederick dies, succeded by Ernst August. This succession leads to a friendship between Leibniz and Sophie and her daughter Sophie Charlotte. 1685 Ernst August assigns Leibniz the task of writing the history of the house of Brunswick. 1686 Composes Systema theologicum New Essays on Human Understanding , a response to Locke's Essays Concerning Human Understanding , which he refrains from publishing upon the death of Locke in the same year. 1710 Writes

86. Encyclopédie De L'Agora | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Dossier complet comprenant une biographie assortie de nombreux articles en ligne. http://agora.qc.ca/mot.nsf/Dossiers/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz

87. Gottfried Keller Homepage Informationen zu Leben und Werk, zum zeitgen ssischen Umfeld, zur Sekund rliteratur, ber Institutionen und Veranstaltungen. Ebenso Texte wie Der Gr ne Heinrich und die Gesammelten Gedichte in Doppelfassungen. Basierend auf der Historisch-Kritischen Gottfried Keller-Ausgabe (HKKA). http://www.gottfriedkeller.ch/

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88. Dr. Estrella's Incredibly Abridged Dictionary Of Composers Biographical data, recommended CDs, books and sheet music, bibliography, and links to biographical essays from Dr. Estrella s Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Composers. http://stevenestrella.com/composers/index.html?composerfiles/einem1996.html

89. Walther, Johann Gottfried: Biography Article from Sojourn pages with links to Bach and other composers and to a glossary of terms. http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~tas3/walther.html

Site Johann Gottfried Walther 1684-1748 Bach's friendship with his distant relative goes bach to Weimar days when Walther also worked in that city. Walther was an excellent organist and composer, his chorale variations for that instrument are second only to Bach's. Mattheson's Ehrenpforte refers to Walther as the "second Pachelbel" (probably meaning Johann )." But Walther's most important legacy is his Musicalisches Lexicon (Leipzig 1732) which contains a biographical sketch on Bach (until 1730) and others in the Bach family. A facsimile of the Bach entry in this lexicon appears to the left. Smend theorized that Bach's 1713 canon ( BWV 1073 ), with its 82 pitches(W+A+L+T+H+E+R) was written to honor Walther, but this is not certain. var site="sm4WellTemperedClavier" Bach's World Contemporaries Chronology

90. HOASM: Johann Gottfried Walther Biography, influences, major accomplishments, writings, and link to relationship with Johann Sebastian Bach from the Here Of A Sunday Morning radio program. http://www.hoasm.org/XIE/WaltherJG.html

Johann Gottfried Walther German composer and theorist. He entered the lower school of Erfurt in 1691 and studied organ with Johann Bernhard Bach and Johann Andreas Kretschmar. After studying at the Ratsgymnasium he became organist at the Thomaskirche at Erfurt in 1702. He then devoted himself to music, reading the treatises of Werckmeister, Fludd, and Kircher, and studying composition with Buttstett. In 1706 he studied with Wilhelm Hieronymus in Nuremberg, and was appointed organist at the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Weimar, in 1707; he remained there until his death. In Weimar he also taught music to Duke Wilhelm Ernst and Prince Johann Ernst and befriended J. S. Bach. In 1721 he joined the duke's court orchestra as Hof-musicus. He wrote sacred vocal works and numerous organ pieces, consisting mostly of chorale preludes. His theoretical works include the Musicalisches Lexicon oder Musicalische Bibliothec (Leipzig, 1732), the first dictionary of musicians and musical terms, and the Praecepta der musicalischen Composition. XIE: Bach's Pupils and his Legacy

91. Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel (The Lied And Art Song Texts Page: Texts And Transla Listing at the Lied and Arts Songs Text Page with selected German lyrics and English translation. http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/s/stolzel.html

The Lied, Art Song, and Choral Texts Page Contents Home Introduction What's new FAQ and Links ... Sign Guestbook Utilities Search entire website Search by: Surname First Line Title Year ... Random Text Indexes by Composer by Poet by First Line by Title by Language Credits Created and maintained by Emily Ezust Translators and other volunteers Contact Information Partial Bibliography Emily's Homepage Emily's Amazon.ca wishlist If you find the information here useful, please help support this project! Alphabetic listing of musical settings [warning - not necessarily comprehensive] [x] indicates a placeholder for a text that is not yet in the database All titles of vocal settings in our database, in alphabetic order Bist du bei mir SPA ENG ITA

92. NewOlde.com - Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel (1690-1749) Biographical and musicological information from NewOlde.com with reviews and recommended recordings, concert announcements, and links. http://www.newolde.com/stoelzel.htm

NewOlde.com Promoting Historically-Inspired Performances of Early Music and Baroque Opera Advanced Search Site Map Home Page Directory of Composers ... German Composers » Stölzel Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel (1690-1749) Although highly regarded prior to the Neapolitan conquest of north European opera, in modern times Stölzel was known until quite recently from a handful of works, primarily the aria "Bist du bei mir" score-pdf ], copied by J.S. Bach, and a concerto for six trumpets thus far ignored by the HIP movement. While Stölzel composed operas and serenatas both before and after his Italian tour in 1716-7, all the scores are believed to have been lost. However, about 500 church cantatas and other works have survived. Regarding "Bist du bei mir" (assuming that it in fact was composed by Stölzel), there is nothing in the few other recorded works by Stölzel that would lead one to expect the E-natural in the fifth bar. Given the first four bars and an assignment to compose a minuet in the style of Stölzel's pastoral cantatas, which is strikingly similar to the style of Handel, I think anyone who had not seen or heard this aria definitely would arrive at a more conventional solution. I wonder whether there are more undiscovered surprises in the mass of unedited Stölzel manuscripts, or whether "Bist du bei mir" may have been composed by someone else. Links Stoelzel.net

93. Johann Karl Gottfried Loewe (The Lied And Art Song Texts Page: Texts And Transla Listing at The Lied and Art Song Texts Page with over 400 vocal works. Most have German lyrics; some are also in English, French, Russian, Italian, Greek, Dutch, or Polish http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/get_settings.html?ComposerId=1674

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