Geometry.Net - the online learning center
Home  - Composers - Kraus Joseph Martin
e99.com Bookstore
  
Images 
Newsgroups
Page 1     1-20 of 42    1  | 2  | 3  | Next 20
A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  

         Kraus Joseph Martin:     more books (49)
  1. Joseph Martin Kraus und Italien: Beitrage zur Rezeption italienischer Kultur, Kunst und Musik im spaten 18. Jahrhundert (Studien zur Landes- und Sozialgeschichte der Musik) (German Edition)
  2. Dramatic Cohesion in the Music of Joseph Martin Kraus: From Sacred Music to Symphonic Form (Studies in the History and Interpretation of Music) by Bertil H. Van Boer, 1989-01
  3. Joseph Martin Kraus (1756-1792): A Systematic-Thematic Catalogue of His Musical Works and Source Study (Thematic Catalogues) by Bertil H. Van Boer, Van Boer, 1998-11
  4. Die Werke von Joseph Martin Kraus: Systematisch-thematisches Werkverzeichnis (Publikationen der Kgl. Schwedischen Musikakademie) (German Edition) by Bertil H Van Boer, 1988
  5. C27P, Instrumental Parts (set of 8), Joseph Martin Kraus: Der Tod Jesu by Joseph Martin Kraus, 1987
  6. C27CH, Choral Parts (set of 1), Joseph Martin Kraus: Der Tod Jesu by Joseph Martin Kraus, 1987
  7. Classical 27, Joseph Martin Kraus: Der Tod Jesu by Joseph Martin Kraus, 1987
  8. Sonata a flauto traverso e viola. [D major.] Herausgegeben von ... Joseph St. Winter. [Score. With a portrait.] by Joseph Martin Kraus, 1960
  9. Mannheim: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Otto Von Bismarck, Friedrich Hecker, Joseph Martin Kraus, Liste Des Personnalités de Mannheim (French Edition)
  10. University of Erfurt Alumni: Johannes Gutenberg, Martin Luther, Joseph Martin Kraus, Andreas Karlstadt, Lorenz Von Bibra, Ulrich Von Hutten
  11. Joseph Martin Kraus (1756-1792): A Systematic-Thematic Catalogue of His Musical Works and Source Study.(Review) (book review): An article from: Notes by A. Peter Brown, 2000-09-01
  12. Joseph Martin Kraus (French Edition)
  13. Compositeur Suédois: Ulf Grahn, Joseph Martin Kraus, Kurt Atterberg, Dag Ivar Wirén, Francesco Antonio Uttini, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson (French Edition)
  14. BIOGRAPHIE UBER DEN ODENWALDER KOMPONISTEN JOSEPH MARTIN KRAUS by Karl F Schreiber, 1928

1. Symphonies - Kraus Joseph Martin - Musik - CDON.COM
Komposit r J M Kraus Titel Symphonies Label Musica Sveci Selskab NAX Media Album Releasedato 199104-20 Leveringstid 4-7 arbejdsdage Katalog nr.
http://cdon.dk/musik/kraus_joseph_martin/symphonies-2833
Incordia.path = "/media-static/_share/script"; Mine sider Kundeservice
Varekurv
Din varekurv er tom
Bonustrappe
1 vare Absolute Music til 79 kr 100 kr TV-serier til 99 kr 200 kr Dobbelt DVD for 69 kr 300 kr Blu-ray for 79 kr 400 kr
Kampagner
Musik
Kundeservice
Dankort
Godkendt af e-handelsfonden
0 Anmeldelser
Symphonies (Album)
Kraus Joseph Martin
89 kr Antal Leveringstid: 4-7 arbejdsdage
Trackliste
  • Overture Olympie Sinfonia Per La Chiesa Sinfonia C Major Riksdagsmarsch
Fakta
J M Kraus Titel: Symphonies Label: Musica Sveci Selskab: NAX Media: Album Releasedato: Leveringstid: 4-7 arbejdsdage Katalog nr.: NAX-MSCD -419 Orkester: Orchestra Of The Age Of Enlightenme Dirigent: Soloartist:
Anmeldelser
Skriv en anmeldelse
Anmeldelser pr. side

2. Joseph Martin Kraus
Christoph Schl ren rezensiert eine Aufnahme des Schwedischen Kammerorchesters f r die Zeitschrift Music Manual.
http://www.musikmph.de/rare_music/composers/f_l/kraus_joseph_martin/1.html
Musicians Rare music News Documentaries ... performers
Joseph Martin Kraus
Symphonien in Es-Dur C-Dur und c-moll
Olympie-Ouverture
Schwedisches Kammerorchester
Petter Sundqvist Naxos 8.553734
Der "schwedische Mozart" top of page

3. Chamber Music - Kraus Joseph Martin - Musik - CDON.COM
Komposit r J M Kraus Titel Chamber Music Label Musica Sveci Selskab NAX Media Album Releasedato 199204-20 Leveringstid 4-7 arbejdsdage Katalog nr.
http://cdon.dk/musik/kraus_joseph_martin/chamber_music-3210
Incordia.path = "/media-static/_share/script"; Mine sider Kundeservice
Varekurv
Din varekurv er tom
Bonustrappe
1 vare Absolute Music til 79 kr 100 kr TV-serier til 99 kr 200 kr Dobbelt DVD for 69 kr 300 kr Blu-ray for 79 kr 400 kr
Kampagner
Musik
Kundeservice
Dankort
Godkendt af e-handelsfonden
0 Anmeldelser
Chamber Music (Album)
Kraus Joseph Martin
89 kr Antal Leveringstid: 4-7 arbejdsdage
Trackliste
  • Trio D Major Violin Sonata In D Minor Violin Sonata In C Major Flute Quintet In D Major
Fakta
J M Kraus Titel: Chamber Music Label: Musica Sveci Selskab: NAX Media: Album Releasedato: Leveringstid: 4-7 arbejdsdage Katalog nr.: NAX-MSCD -415 Orkester: Dirigent: Soloartist:
Anmeldelser
Skriv en anmeldelse
Anmeldelser pr. side Sorter efter: Seneste Laveste karakter
Fejlmeddelelse
  • Du skal angive en karakter Du skal angive mindst 3 tegn Teksten er for lang. Maks 5000 tegn.

4. Klassik.com : Kraus, Joseph Martin (Komponist, 1756-1792)
http//www.taminoklassikforum.at/thread.php?postid=76026 post76026 http//www.festivaldeubeda.com/userimages/kraus_joseph_martin-2mejor.jpg best regards,
http://portraits.klassik.com/people/template.cfm?KID=3351

5. Chamber Music - Kraus Joseph Martin - Musikk - CDON.COM
Komposit r J M Kraus Tittel Chamber Music Label Musica Sveci Selskap NAX Format Album Utgivelsesdato 199204-20 Leveringstid 4-7 arbeidsdager
http://cdon.no/musikk/kraus_joseph_martin/chamber_music-3210
Incordia.path = "/media-static/_share/script"; Mine sider Kundeservice
Handlekurv
Din handlekurv er tom
Bonustilbud
1 vare Absolute Music for kr 89 Kr 100 TV-serier for kr 99 Kr 200 Dobbel DVD kun kr 69 Kr 300 Pocket kun kr 49 Kr 400 Blu-ray for kr 89 kr 500 Gratis leiefilm
Kampanjer
Musikk
Kundeservice
0 Anmeldelser
Chamber Music (Album)
Kraus Joseph Martin
89 kr Antall Leveringstid: 4-7 arbeidsdager
  • Trio D Major Violin Sonata In D Minor Violin Sonata In C Major Flute Quintet In D Major
Fakta
J M Kraus Tittel: Chamber Music Label: Musica Sveci Selskap: NAX Format: Album Utgivelsesdato: Leveringstid: 4-7 arbeidsdager Katalognr: NAX-MSCD -415 Orkester: Dirigent: Soloartist:
Anmeldelser
Skriv en produktanmeldelse
Produktanmeldelser pr side Sorter etter: Seneste Eldste
Feilbeskjed
  • Teksten i produktanmeldelsen er for lang.

6. Arie E Cantate - Kraus Joseph Martin - Musikk - CDON.COM
1. Overture From Proserpin. 2. Ack Hvad Behag Et Hjerta Njuter Frm Proserpin. 3. Misero Pargoletto. 4. Non Termer. 5. Du Temps, Qui D truit Tout. 6. Son Pietosa. 7. Overture
http://cdon.no/musikk/kraus_joseph_martin/arie_e_cantate-3379
Incordia.path = "/media-static/_share/script"; Mine sider Kundeservice
Handlekurv
Din handlekurv er tom
Bonustilbud
1 vare Absolute Music for kr 89 Kr 100 TV-serier for kr 99 Kr 200 Dobbel DVD kun kr 69 Kr 300 Pocket kun kr 49 Kr 400 Blu-ray for kr 89 kr 500 Gratis leiefilm
Kampanjer
Musikk
Kundeservice
0 Anmeldelser
Arie E Cantate (Album)
Kraus Joseph Martin
89 kr Antall Leveringstid: 4-7 arbeidsdager
  • Overture From Proserpin Ack Hvad Behag Et Hjerta Njuter From Proserpin Misero Pargoletto Non Termer Son Pietosa Sentimi, Non Partir! Innocente Donzelletta Se Non Ti More Al Late
Fakta
J M Kraus Tittel: Arie E Cantate Label: Musica Sveci Selskap: NAX Format: Album Utgivelsesdato: Leveringstid: 4-7 arbeidsdager Katalognr: NAX-MSCD -424 Orkester: Drottningholmsteaterns Orkester Dirigent: Thomas Schuback Soloartist:
Anmeldelser
Skriv en produktanmeldelse
Produktanmeldelser pr side Sorter etter: Seneste Eldste
Feilbeskjed
  • Teksten i produktanmeldelsen er for lang.

7. KRAUS, Joseph Martin
Neben einer biografischen Skizze sind ein Werkverzeichnis und ein ausf hrliches Literaturverzeichnis verf gbar.
http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/kraus_jo_ma.shtml
Verlag Traugott Bautz www.bautz.de/bbkl Zur Hauptseite Suche in den Texten des BBKL ...
Helfen Sie uns, das BBKL aktuell zu halten!

Band XXI (2003) Spalten 759-763 Autor: Friedrich Wilhelm Riedel Stella cœli exstirpavit Werke: Miserere (1773), Requiem (1775), Te Deum laudamus (1776), Motette Fracto demum sacramento (1776), Aria Pro parvule (1776), Aria Parvum quando cerno Deum (1776), Motette Stella coeli exstirpavit (1783), Fragment eines Te Deum (ca. 1786), Requiem f. Kaiser Joseph II. (1790, verschollen), Oratorium Der Tod Jesu (1776, Text v. Kraus), 3 geistliche Kantaten u. Arien mit schwedischem Text ( 1778/1781; Aria Literarische Werke Ausgg.: Bibliographien u. Werkverzeichnisse: Karl Friedrich Schreiber, Verz. der musikalischen Werke v. J. M. K., in: Arch. f. Musikwissenschaft 7, 1925, 477-494 (Nachdr. in: Mitt. der Internat. J. M. K.-Ges. 4, 1988, 1-20; - Bertil H. Van Boer, J. M. K. A. Systematic Catalogue of his Muical Wortks and Source Study, Stuyvesant, NY 1998 - Gabriela Krombach, Kraus-Bibliogr., in: Mitt. der Internat. J. M. K.-Ges. 2, 1984, 7-9; 5/6, 1986, 36-43; 8, 1987, 12-18. Lex.:

8. Joseph Martin Kraus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Kraus, Joseph Martin Alternative names Short description German composer Date of birth 20 June 1756 Place of birth Miltenberg am Main, Germany Date of death
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Martin_Kraus
Joseph Martin Kraus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Joseph Martin Kraus (1756-1792) as a student in Erfurt. Joseph Martin Kraus was a composer in the classical era who is sometimes referred to as "the Swedish Mozart " (whose life dates were nearly the same as Kraus). Kraus was born on June 20, 1756 in Miltenberg am Main , Germany. He moved to Sweden at age 21 and died at the age of 36 on December 15, 1792 in Stockholm
Contents
  • Life
    edit Life
    edit Childhood
    Kraus was born in the central German town of Miltenberg in Franconia , the son of Joseph Bernhard Kraus, a County clerk in the Archbishopric of Mainz, and Anna Dorothea née Schmidt. His father's family, originally from Augsburg, had a small restaurant in Weilbach near Amorbach , while his mother was a daughter of the master-builder at Miltenberg Johann Martin Schmidt . Joseph had 13 brothers and sisters, but seven of them died during their childhood. After a short stay in Osterburken , the Kraus family moved to Buchen (Odenwald) (in Baden-Württemberg ) in 1761, where the father Joseph Bernhard Kraus found a position as a clerk; Amtsschreiber. In Buchen, Kraus started his earliest formal education. His first music teachers were rector

9. Joseph Martin Kraus Sheet Music Lyrics
Sheet music for Joseph Martin Kraus, Sheet music scores for Joseph Martin Kraus composer and many others are available here.
http://www.sheetmusic.onlinesite.com.au/?composer=Kraus_COM___Joseph__Martin

10. Joseph Martin Kraus - Classical Archives
Biography and music files offered in MIDI format.
http://www.classicalarchives.com/composer/2838.html

11. Kraus, Joseph Martin - Hutchinson Encyclopedia Article About Kraus
German composer. He settled in Sweden and became director of music to the king. His opera Proserpina (1781) was revived at the Drottningholm Theatre, near Stockholm, Sweden, in 1981
http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Kraus, Joseph Martin

12. Joseph Martin Kraus - IMDb
Brief entry from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) includes filmography, search, and message board.
http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0470135/
IMDb Search All Titles TV Episodes Names Companies Keywords Characters Videos Quotes Bios Plots Go More Register Login Help ... More at IMDbPro
Joseph Martin Kraus
Composer Represent Joseph Martin Kraus? Add a photo
Represent Joseph Martin Kraus? Add a resume, headshot and up to 100 photos on IMDbPro Show all Hide all Show by: Job Type Year Ratings Votes TV Series Genre Keyword
Filmography
Hide Show Composer (1 title) Proserpin (TV movie)
STARmeter:
Down 32% in popularity this week. See why on IMDbPro
Quick Links:
overview by job type by year by keyword contact info credited with ad feedback Share this page: generic.monitoring.start_timing("facebook_like_iframe");
Message Boards
Discuss Joseph Martin Kraus Getting Started Contributor Zone
Contribute to this page
Edit page Add resume
Explore more about this person
Filmography
Sorted by:
job type

year

ratings

votes
...
keyword
Fun Facts
personal quotes
trivia

trademark
Personal Details
biography
other works

publicity listings
official sites ... contact info
Buzz
NewsDesk blog twitter
photo gallery
... trailers and videos
Opinion
awards message board
External Links
miscellaneous photographs sound clips video clips
Related Items
credited with tv schedule titles for sale
Feedback on the redesign?

13. Kraus, Joseph Martin: Information From Answers.com
Main performer Concerto K ln Booklet languages German, English, French Time 7203 Review The first volume of the Concerto K ln twovolume collection of the mature
http://www.answers.com/topic/kraus-joseph-martin
var isReferenceAnswers = true; BodyLoad('s'); On this page Library
Kraus, Joseph Martin
Classical Album:
Kraus, Joseph Martin
Home Library Classical Albums Buy Now
  • Main performer: Concerto Köln Booklet languages: German, English, French Time: 72:03
Review
The first volume of the Concerto Köln two-volume collection of the mature symphonies of Joseph Martin Kraus opens with his Symphony in C minor from 1783, the work that caused Haydn to say of Kraus that he was "one of the greatest geniuses I have met." It's that good, and the other three symphonies on this disc are just as good: the bright and shining D major, the brilliant and charming D major, and the witty and sweet E flat major, with its tender flute and yearning Larghetto. The Concerto Köln plays with refinement and enthusiasm in the later three works and power and passion in the C minor. Capriccio 's sound is dry, clear, and deep. Anyone who loves the symphonies of the 1780s of Mozart, Haydn, or C.P.E. Bach will love the symphonies of Kraus. ~ James Leonard, Rovi
Performances
Composer Title Time Joseph Martin Kraus Symphony in C minor, Vb. 142

14. Riksdagsmusiken: Facts, Discussion Forum, And Encyclopedia Article
Joseph Martin Kraus was a composer in the classical era who is sometimes referred to as the Swedish Mozart . Kraus was born on June 20, 1756 in Miltenberg am Main, Germany
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Riksdagsmusiken
Home Discussion Topics Dictionary ... Login Riksdagsmusiken
Riksdagsmusiken
Discussion Ask a question about ' Riksdagsmusiken Start a new discussion about ' Riksdagsmusiken Answer questions from other users Full Discussion Forum Encyclopedia Riksdagsmusiken , or the Riksdag Music , is a suite of music composed by Joseph Martin Kraus Joseph Martin Kraus Joseph Martin Kraus was a composer in the classical era who is sometimes referred to as "the Swedish Mozart" . Kraus was born on June 20, 1756 in Miltenberg am Main, Germany...
, for the grand opening, in 1789, of the Riksdag of the Estates Riksdag of the Estates The Riksdag of the Estates, , was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm when they were assembled. Until its dissolution in 1866, the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to the King...
in Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and water borders with Denmark, Germany and Poland to the south and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia...
. King Gustav III of Sweden Gustav III of Sweden Gustav III was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. He was the eldest son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great....

15. Category:Kraus, Joseph Martin - IMSLP/Petrucci Music Library: Free Public Domain
Free public domain sheet music from IMSLP / Petrucci Music Library
http://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Kraus,_Joseph_Martin
Category:Kraus, Joseph Martin
Free public domain sheet music from IMSLP / Petrucci Music Library
Jump to: navigation search
Joseph Martin Kraus
(20 June 1756 — 15 December 1792) Table of Contents: Top A B C ... Z
x Show works by type/instrumentation
Add a piece to this composer page

Browse all composers

How to edit this template
External links
  • Detailed biography: Wikipedia Recordings: None given
Pages in category "Kraus, Joseph Martin"
The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total.
A
P
Retrieved from " http://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Kraus,_Joseph_Martin Categories Composers Classical composers ... German composers Views Personal tools Navigation browse scores browse recordings Participate Other Search
Toolbox in association with

16. Joseph-Martin-Kraus-Gesellschaft
Die Vereinigung bietet ausf hrliche Informationen zu Leben, Werk und Rezeption des Komponisten mit aktuellem Veranstaltungskalender zum Gedenkjahr 2006.
http://www.kraus-gesellschaft.de/
Joseph Martin Kraus (1756 - 1792)
Fredrik Samuel Silverstolpe
Joseph Martin Kraus-Tag
Thema: Joseph Martin Kraus und sein Biograf Fredrik Samuel Silverstolpe
17. April 2010 Infos
Programmm
Die Internationale Joseph Martin Kraus-Gesellschaft e. V.
Trunk/Zemelka Information:
Internationale Joseph Martin Kraus-Gesellschaft e. V.
Haagstr. 10, D-74722 Buchen
Tel. 62 81 / 8898, Fax: 62 81 / 55 68 98
E-Mail: info@kraus-gesellschaft.de

17. Kraus, Joseph Martin – Free Listening, Concerts, Stats, & Pictures At Last.fm
Top tracks from Kraus, Joseph Martin Symphony In F Major (attrib.), Vb. 145, Symphony In D Major, Vb. 143 more. This is mistagged for Joseph Martin Kraus; it would help Last
http://www.last.fm/music/Kraus, Joseph Martin
Last.fm English Help Come work with us! Last.fm is hiring » Play Kraus, Joseph Martin Radio
Kraus, Joseph Martin
2,246 plays (530 listeners)
In your library (0 plays)
shouts Add to my Library Share This is mistagged for Joseph Martin Kraus ; it would help Last.fm if you could correct your tags. Edit Play Kraus, Joseph Martin Radio
Similar Artists
  • Kozeluch, Leopold Antonin Hoffmeister, Franz Anton Viotti, Giovanni Battista Fiorillo, Federigo Paul Wranitzky Wesley, Samuel Hartmann, Johann Ernst
See more
Top Tracks

18. Dream Of The Orient - Concerto Koln | RAPIDSHARE
Soliman Il Ou Les 3 Sultanes Allegro (Kraus Joseph Martin) 11. Introduction 12. Entree Du Sultan (Anonyme) 13. Entree Du Sultan Marcia Del Sultano (Kraus Joseph Martin
http://www.shareseeking.com/Dream-Of-The-Orient-Concerto-Koln_28289.html
Login Register Download without Limit. Sign UP Now! in - All - Music Audio books Sound clips Movies Movies DVDR Music videos TV Shows Windows MacOS Unix/Linux Mobile PC Mac Technical Study Non-fiction Medical Tutorial Entertainment Business Magazine All In One Pictures AllInOne Scripts
Dream Of The Orient - Concerto Koln
Author: Rapidshare
Category: Music, Audio books, Sound clips
Tag: Music
Description
Date: 11 mars 2003
Performer:
Ensemble Sarband, Concerto Koln, Werner Ehrhardt, Vladimir Ivanoff
1. Introduction
2. L'enlevement Au Serail : Ouverture (Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus)
3. Introduction
4. Concerto Turco Nominato "izia Semaisi"
5. Son Yuruk Sema'i (Traditionnel Turque)
6. La Rencontre Imprevue : Ouverture (Gluck Christoph Willibald)
7. Introduction
8. Marche Des Soldats (Zurnazen Ibrahim Aga) 9. Marche Des Janissaires (Tatar Han Gazi Giray) 10. Soliman Il Ou Les 3 Sultanes : Allegro (Kraus Joseph Martin) 11. Introduction 12. Entree Du Sultan (Anonyme) 13. Entree Du Sultan : Marcia Del Sultano (Kraus Joseph Martin) 14. Entree Des Esclaves (Kraus Joseph Martin) 15. Danse D'elmire (Kraus Joseph Martin)

19. Joseph Martin Kraus – Wikipedia
Der Artikel der Online-Enzyklop die bietet eine Kurzbiografie sowie Literaturhinweise.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Martin_Kraus
Joseph Martin Kraus
aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Wechseln zu: Navigation Suche Joseph Martin Kraus als Student in Erfurt Joseph Martin Kraus , der Odenwälder Mozart 20. Juni in Miltenberg 15. Dezember in Stockholm ) war ein deutscher Komponist der klassischen Periode Kapellmeister am Hof des schwedischen Königs Gustav III. und Direktor der Königlich Schwedischen Musikakademie
Inhaltsverzeichnis

20. Kraus, Joseph Martin MP3s, Kraus, Joseph Martin Music Downloads, Kraus, Joseph M
Download Kraus, Joseph Martin albums and specific songs. eMusic also has compilations such as greatest hits and rare classic albums. Hundreds of other styles of music are also
http://www.emusic.com/composer/Joseph-Martin-Kraus-MP3-Download/11601545.html
document.body.className = document.body.className ? document.body.className + ' js' : 'js';
Search All Music Artist Album Track Label Search Classical Music Classical Composer Classical Album Classical Performer Classical Conductor Search Audiobooks Books Authors Narrators
Browse
Viewing
Start Over
Filter View By
Genres
Featured on eMusic
Number of Tracks
Release Date
Sorted by: Most Downloaded Most Recent Additions Album Name (A-Z) Album Name (Z-A) Artist Name (A-Z) Artist Name (Z-A) Label Name (A-Z) Label Name (Z-A) Showing: Albums Artists Labels Composers Conductors Choirs Ensembles Orchestras Instruments large small 1-15 of 31 Albums previous next

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  

Page 1     1-20 of 42    1  | 2  | 3  | Next 20

free hit counter