81. The History Of The Sextant The evolution from the earliest instruments to the sophisticated devices used today described and illustrated. http://pwifland.tripod.com/historysextant/

var TlxPgNm='index'; Build your own FREE website at Tripod.com Share: Facebook Twitter Digg reddit document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard']); document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard2']); To learn more about the history of sextants to go to the web site of the definitive book: Taking The Stars: Celestial Navigation From Argonauts to Astronauts The History of the Sextant By Peter Ifland Introduction "Where are we?" Normally, this is a routine question answered several times a day while saling along safely in mid ocean. But the question has a different urgency when the ship is approaching a rocky coast and the life of the ship and its crew depends on a fast and accurate fix of position. It's the Navigator's job to provide the answer. So what do navigators need to find their position on the earth's surface by observing the stars? They need an Almanac prepared by the astronomers to forecast precisely where the heavenly bodies, the sun, moon planets and selected navigational stars, are going to be, hour by hour, years into the future, relative to the observatory that prepared the almanac, Greenwich, England in modern times. They need a chronometer or some other means of telling the time back at the observatory that was the reference point for the data in the almanac

82. West Sea Co. Evolution Of The Sextant Illustrated article including details about dating. Links to antique instruments offered for sale. http://www.westsea.com/tsg3/octlocker/octchart.htm

West Sea Company EVOLUTION OF THE SEXTANT By Rod Cardoza Edited by A. N. Stimson, Head of Navigation Section, Department of Astronomy and Navigation, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England. All photographs courtesy West Sea Company unless otherwise noted this article without the expressed written consent of the author is forbidden by law. Violators will be prosecuted. DO YOU HAVE AN INSTRUMENT YOU WISH TO SELL? WE BUY! In modern times the navigator's sextant has become widely recognized as a universal nautical symbol. Indeed the sextant and the magnetic compass were the two basic tools of navigation on the high seas for more than two centuries. Often the mariner's most prized possession was his sextant. Witness the drama evoked by the handwritten account found with this 19th century English sextant: "This sextant was salvaged from the pilot house of the Norwegian steamship VICTORY by her master, after being sunk by gunfire from a German submarine 35 miles north of Ushant at 1:00 PM on July 6, 1917. The master, 2nd mate, nine crewmen, and a stowaway were rescued from an open boat by the USS O'Brien at 5:30 A.M. on July 7th, 20 miles west of Ushant and were later landed at St. Nazaire, France. As a token of his gratitude for the rescue the master gave this sextant to the Captain of the

83. Wayfinding, Or Non-Instrument Navigation How Polynesians navigated before the invention of the compass, sextant, or clock. http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/L2wayfind.html

84. Spacecraft Navigation Chapter on navigation techniques used from The Basics of Space Flight by the California Institute of Technology. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf13-1.html

85. How Does A Spacecraft Get To Where Its Going? Discusses how and when spacecraft are maneuvered and the effects of small navigational errors. http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Navigation/zoom-get-going.html

How does a spacecraft get to where its going? Much of the work of getting a spacecraft to its destination is done before it is launched. All objects in the solar system are constantly moving. Scientists must know the clockwork of the solar system well enough to predict where a spacecraft's destination will be, when to launch and how fast to go to meet it in space. In addition to the movement of the objects in the solar system, scientists must take gravity in account. Gravity exerted by large bodies like planets and the Sun in the solar system will "bend" the flight of a spacecraft. If a flight is planned carefully, a spacecraft can use the gravity of planets and moons to do a swingby or be pulled into orbit. Much of the "aiming" of spacecraft is done at or near launch, when the huge launch vehicle that puts it into space can push it onto a course that will take it to the right place. Once a spacecraft is in flight, small course corrections can be performed. A sk any question below to learn about how spacecraft travel through space.

86. Navigator Software Celestial and chart navigation software. Star finder. Nautical Almanac. http://www.tecepe.com.br/nav/

Web services Star Finder Almanac Interactive Sextant Software Purchase User manual News Download trial ... and links Learn Celestial Navigation Using Navigator Navigator methods Build your sextant ... Navigator Store Navigator designs Texto em português Sextants- two complete sextant projects The octant project do-it-yourself plastic instrument. ... The Interactive Sextant Virtual sextant model. Flash movie your guide to the navigation sky - sky map in any position/time - stars, constellations and planets - complete positional data. - choose one of 300 listed cities or specify position - Java enabled browser required - printer friendly results available -free webservice perpetual almanac data - traditional NA layout - free webservice Celestial navigation fundamentals English Identification of stars and planets keeping the time...

87. CelestNav For PalmOS Palm Pilot shareware for finding your geographic position with a sextant. http://www.mobilegeographics.com/celestnav/

Buy it now Download the free, fully-functional demo today! Look at the online tutorial and instructions Join the CelestNav TM Users Email List ... Mobile Geographics home CelestNav TM turns your PalmOS handheld into a full-featured calculator for celestial navigation. CelestNav TM requires 204k of free memory, and runs on all PalmOS compatible systems version 3.0 and above, including Handspring Visors, Sony Clies, and Handera and TRG units. The free math library Mathlib , written by Rick Huebner, is required; a copy is included for your convenience. Try it: Download a free, fully functional, 10-day demo of CelestNav TM . Current version is 2.5, released October 12, 2002. If you are already a CelestNav TM customer, this is also the file to download for your free version update. CelestNav TM 2.5 for PalmOS, MacOS archive (StuffIt format) for installation on your handheld (388 k) CelestNav TM 2.5 for PalmOS, Windows archive (ZIP file) for installation on your handheld (400 k) CelestNav TM for PalmOS, native PalmOS format (.PRC) for direct download to your handheld beta version of the next release, CelestNav

88. Bowditch Online Navigation course containing 38 chapters covering charts, radar, astronomy, and regulations. Glossary. Archives for the navigation mailing list. http://www.irbs.com/bowditch/

Bowditch -The American Practical Navigator These files are in Adobe Acrobat format. Title Page Preface Chapter 1 Introduction to Marine Navigation Chapter 2 Geodesy and Datums in Navigation ... Chapter 38 Weather Routing Glossary A B C D ... Acronyms

89. Advanced Navigation Courses - Sailing Schools Greece And The Greek Islands Contains nine chapters covering piloting, plotting, navigation aids, and tides. Related equations and tables. http://www.sailingissues.com/navcourse0.html

Navigation course Nav. course Skip over navigation Home Nav. course Sailing Greece ... Gulets This is an advanced online course on marine navigation sailing in Greece or Turkey , which are the perfect cruising areas to learn how to sail. What is navigation? Navigare necesse est, vivere non est necesse The aim of this course is to teach you how to navigate safely while using the minimum of resources: methods that have been in use since the Middle Ages, and are still applied by the professionals . This course greatly extends on - for instance - the ASA and RYA courses and gives you the insight and feel of a seasoned navigator. Enjoy! This is chapter 0: Use the moving anchor logo on the right of this page to navigate through the course. Alternatively, click on the links below to study the chapters. Chapter 1 - Positions Chapter 2 - Nautical chart Chapter 3 - Compass Chapter 4 - Plotting ... and coordinates used on this website Meteorology Clouds: fair weather cumulus versus cumulonimbus - how to forecast showers Raindrops aren't spherical The wind chill forecast How to forecast the Meltemi wind ... Learn to sail: recognized sailing schools and yacht charters in Greece Accolades © sailingissues.com

90. The Complete On-Board Celestial Navigator About a reference book for navigation at sea. Includes table of contents and purchasing information. http://gbennett.customer.netspace.net.au/

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91. PANGA And CWU Geodesy Research They are part of a research program with the Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University. http://www.geodesy.cwu.edu/

Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array Central Washington University GPS Data: By Site By Region Real-Time RINEX Tiltmeter: Data Sites USGS/NSF Cascadia Earthquake Rupture Model U.S. Geological Survey Real-time GPS Data in the Pacific Northwest National Science Foundation Slow Earthquakes in the Cascadia Subduction Zone About the Lab The Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array consists of the PANGA Geodesy Laboratory at Central Washington University and about 350 continuously operating, high-precision GPS receivers located throughout the Pacific Northwest ...read more... Facilities Geodesy Lab Central Washington University Research Faculty, Staff and Students in the Lab Publications produced by the Lab Partners The Panga Community Our Sponsors WSRN ORGN RGPS News News updates of earthquake hazards monitoring of the Pacific Northwest April 4th Mw=7.2 Baja Earthquake Monitoring Howard Hansen dam Local, Regional and National News Media PANGA in the news PANGA's Cascadia Earthquake Rupture Model ETS constraints on future subduction zone earthquakes moves rupture patch inland Three Sisters Volcano Real Time GPS Available PANGA uses real-time GPS Data Products Timeseries, plots, maps and datafiles for GPS sites in the Pacific Northwest and a network of very-long-baseline tiltmeter sites around the Puget Sound.

92. Index Of /~geogrp Overview of the geodetic activities the group, biographies of members and details of recent research projects. http://www.cage.curtin.edu.au/~geogrp/

Index of /~geogrp Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory Apache/2.2.3 (Linux/SUSE) Server at www.cage.curtin.edu.au Port 80

93. Geomatix DatumPro: Convert Position Coordinates Between Thousands Of Grids & Dat Windows program which converts between map datums and projections, including Gauss Kruger, TM, UTM, and Lambert Conic grids. http://www.geomatix.net/datumpro

Home Tides Geodesy eNavigation ... Brochure PDF DatumPro DatumPro is the most comprehensive and accurate co-ordinate conversion package available, handling thousands of coordinate systems, including Gauss Kruger, UTM, and Lambert Conic grids With over 600 datum conversions and over 450 Grid Projections, and hundreds of specific TM and Lambert conic conformal grids and all the latest EPSG transformations. DatumPro not only converts isolated points, but also converts lists of over a million records. And with the integrated datum editor you can even set up you own custom transforms. For Microsoft Windows 2000, XP1, XP2, VISTA DatumPro is fully active for evaluation purposes for 14 days without a security code. Click HERE to Download DatumPro v3.4.0 Date:6 Jan 2009 Size 5.5MB You can buy DatumPro either as a single-user or as a corporate-user. . Either way you get untimed unlimited operation and your security code will be displayed to you immediately upon payment. Please click the appropriate button below to purchase. For multiple seat coporate licences please enquire. $US 119.00 Personal Single-User Licence

94. Faculty Of Geodesy Includes professional activities, research, publications, workshops and news. http://www.geof.hr/webEN/

95. C. Killet Software Ing.-GbR - Geodetic Programs, Geo Data And Development Tools Develops software including geodetic standard software, international geo data and development tools for geo informatics. http://www.killetsoft.de/homee.htm

Killet Software Ing.-GbR - short: KilletSoft - is a software company, which was established in the year 1991. The society is divided into the ranges "Geodetic Standard Software", "Development Tools for Geo Informatics" and "International Geo Data". The industrial sectors of emphasis of the companies supplied by KilletSoft are consulting engineers, GIS developers, Internet marketing, public utilities, logistics, telecommunications, security and public services. Print page body Contact Imprint Home Products GeoPrograms TRANSDAT ... Imprint Welcome to KilletSoft homepage "Gradus latitudinum versus utrumque polum paulatim auximus pro incremento parallelorum supra rationem quam habent ad aequinoctialem." "We have gradually increased the degrees of latitude toward both poles in proportion to the increase in the parallels beyond the measure that they have at the equator." Proudly Gerhard Kremer alias Gerardus Mercator wrote this sentence in the middle of the 16. Century in his home town Duisburg in Germany. Thus the man had solved the largest cartographic problem of his time. He had succeeded to map the globe on a flat sheet of paper with all what they knew about the countries and the water at that time. Thus he had laid the cornerstone for the modern geodesy and cartography. In the context of the globalization trade, industry and service provider increasing discover the advantages and the potential by the employment of spatial information and geo data into their business procedures. In order to be able to use this potential, suitable software must be used, which can process specialized information containing geo data.

96. ASPRS - American Society For Photogrammetry And Remote Sensing American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing The imaging and geospatial information society. http://www.asprs.org/

97. APAPLS Homepage Official Website with association news, general information and list of officers. http://www.apapls.org/

Allegheny Plateau Association of Professional Land Surveyors The Allegheny Plateau Association of Professional Land Surveyors (APAPLS) is an Organization whose purpose is to promote the welfare of the members of the Land Surveying Profession and foster the establishment and maintenance of uniform high professional standards for the practice of Land Surveying within the New York State Counties listed below, and to promote a spirit of friendship and cooperation among the members of the Association. APAPLS is one of eighteen Regional Affiliates organized under the New York State Association of Professional Land Surveyors (NYSAPLS). New York Counties Served: Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, Allegany, and Western Steuben (Click here to view the regional dividing line in Steuben County) APAPLS Officers: President - - - Brent M. Rohrbacher, L.S. Vice-President - - - Kera Mariotti, L.S. Secretary - - - Alexander Kowtun Treasurer - - - D. Michael Canada, L.S. Questions or Comments - Use Our New Contact Form Search the APAPLS Website: Pages Last Updated - - - 2/13/2010 New York State Association of Professional Land Surveyors Homepage Check out the new Colvin Crew Website ! ! !

98. Eastern New York Society Of Land Surveyors Official website with society news, information, proprietor list and meeting schedule. http://www.enysls.org/

EASTERN NEW YORK SOCIETY OF LAND SURVEYORS Download Center Click A Line On The Fieldbook For More Information Not Receiving ENYSLS Meeting Notices, Minutes or Announcements?!?! Click Here and use the Contact Form to give us your up-to-date E-mail Address Search the ENYSLS Website: Site Information Pages Last Updated - - - 10/25/2010 Eastern New York Society of Land Surveyors INCORPORATED Charter Affiliate of the New York State Association of Professional Land Surveyors P.O. Box 4399, Clifton Park, NY 12065-4399

99. American Congress On Surveying And Mapping - American Congress On Surveying & Ma The premier professional membership society for the spatial data information industry. http://www.acsm.net/

Home Contact Us About ACSM Organizations ... Members Login Here VISIT OUR CAREER CENTER Learn how to get started Check out current job opportunities Enter Here Developing News Get involved in knowledge sharing, present a paper at the 2011 Survey Summit. Paper abstracts due by December 6, 2010! Submit here! ACSM scholarships and awards deadline December 17th NSPS Excellence in Journalism contest guidelines and entry form The National Museum of Surveying is open for business......the link below takes you to our updated blog. http://nationalmuseumofsurveying.blogspot.com/ ACSM Bulletin now delivered online, as a dynamic digital magazine Review the lists of candidates running for open positions on the 2011 boards of AAGS GLIS , and NSPS RE: The Evolution of a National Voice , a comment. Revision of ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey Standards nearing completion. Access the approved final draft here. FYI How to increase your productivity Latest from FEMA: At http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/fhm/rm_main.shtm , you can read the "Risk MAP FY10 REport to Congress," "Risk MAP Digital Elevation Plan," and "FY10 Flood Mapping Progress Report and Production Plan." FEMA also produced a PowerPoint presentation on the status of the Flood Modernization Program. Click here for a

100. Society Of Cartographers Membership is widely drawn from the education sector, statutory institutions, local authorities, public utilities and the commercial and publishing industry. http://www.soc.org.uk/

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