41. Pi_estimation.py - McGill Physics General Information usr/bin/python This is a very simple numerical algorithm to find the value of pi, from the ratio of random samples falling in a canonical unit circle http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/~dufourf/641/ps1/pi_estimation.py

42. Value Of Pi 3 | TutorVista 1) Find the area of a circle, if the radius is 22 cm. Use 3.141 as pi value. Answer 1520.24 cm 2 2) Find the volume of cylinder given the radius is 7 m and http://www.tutorvista.com/topic/value-of-pi-3

43. Pi-Search Search in the first four billion binary digits of Pi for a string and links to further information about Pi. http://pi.nersc.gov/

Search the first four billion binary digits of Pi for a string... Enter the string in hex (4 bit, 0-9A-F) or character (5 bit, a-z:;,_-. ) format: char hex Assuming pi is normal, we have the following probabilities: probability of occurrence for character 5 or fewer chars is 6 chars is 7 chars is 8 chars is 9 chars is 10 chars is probability of occurrence for hex 7 or fewer digits is 8 digits is 9 digits is 10 digits is 11 digits is 12 digits is In 1996, NERSC Chief Technologist David H. Bailey , together with Canadian mathematicians Peter Borwein and Simon Plouffe, found a new formula for pi. This formula permits one to calculate the n-th binary or hexadecimal digits of pi, without having to calculate any of the preceding n-1 digits. This formula was discovered by a computer, using Bailey's implementation of Ferguson's PSLQ algorithm. More recently (2001), Bailey and colleague Richard Crandall of Reed College have shown that the existence of this new formula has significant implications for the age-old question: Are the digits of pi random? Related links: The 1996 paper with the new formula for pi.

44. 3.1415926535 - History And Philosophy Of Pi From that time on interest in the value of Pi has centered on finding the value to as many places as possible and on finding expressions for Pi and its approximations, such as http://briantaylor.com/pi.htm

Brian Taylor Web Site Developer Search Engine Promoter SEO Search Engine Optimization Website Promotion History and Philosophy of Pi Pi ( Dictionary.com Definition currently the value of Pi is known to 6.4 billion places Probably no symbol in mathematics has evoked as much mystery, romanticism, misconception and human interest as the number Pi ( Socrates Plato Aristotle Pi 3.14 ... Problems Pi (noun) ... plural = pis. Mathematics. A transcendental number, approximately 3.14159, represented by the symbol , that expresses the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle and appears as a constant in many mathematical expressions. The 16th letter of the Greek alphabet. : BEYOND INFINITY Deep in the nature of man is the will to go further than any human has ever been before. This quest is symbolized by the Greek letter , which evokes infinity. Humans are still in pursuit of the end of its innumerable string of decimals... No number (3.14...) has captured the attention and imagination of number fanatics and nerds throughout the ages as much as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter - a.k.a. Pi. With incisive historical insight and a refreshing sense of humor, this page brings us the story of Pi and humankind's fascination with it, from Archimedes to da Vinci to the modern day Chudnovsky brothers, who holed up in their Manhattan apartment with a homemade supercomputer churning out digits of pi into the billions.

45. Discovering The Value Of Pi In this selfguided lesson, students measure online the diameter and circumference of many circles and look for a relationship between the two measurements. By observing the http://nsdl.org/resource/2200/20090817160431022T

This resource is part of the National Science Digital Library Search for more NSDL resources View resource in a new window View more information about this resource Return to top of the page Found in Collection(s): Close this window Collection Name: Middle School Portal: Math and Science Pathways (MSP2) Collection Description: The Middle School Portal 2: Math and Science Pathways (MSP2) supports middle grades educators with high-quality, standards-based resources and promotes collaboration and knowledge-sharing among its users. Educators use MSP2 to increase content knowledge in science, mathematics, and appropriate pedagogy for youth ages 10 to 15. MSP2 employs social networking and digital tools to foster dynamic experiences that promote creation, modification, and sharing of resources, facilitate professional development, and support the integration of technology into practice. MSP2 is a project of the Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology, National Middle School Association, and Education Development Center, Inc., and is funded by the National Science Foundation. The partners integrate resources, tools, and services across projects, and support multiple methods of resource discovery to meet the needs of this audience. Collection Information: Grade Level Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Middle School Upper Elementary Vocational/Professional Development Education Intended Audience Educator Language En Eng Link Http://msteacher2.org/

46. Darren Aronofsky Online: Pi Short review and trailers. http://aronofksy.tripod.com/pi.html

Build your own FREE website at Tripod.com Share: Facebook Twitter Digg reddit document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard']); document.write(lycos_ad['leaderboard2']); News Interviews Biography Previous Films ... Home Chaos Theory Expanded. FILM: Pi (Released in 1998) STARRING : Sean Gullette, Mark Margolis, Ben Shenkman RATING: R Chaos theory, for those unfamiliar with the term, is based upon the little things that can cause big disruptions in our world. Take the butterfly effect for example; a butterfly flaps its wings somewhere in China and the wind that it stirs up may someday change weather patterns in New York. (Hey, it just might happen!) Time travel is one of the biggest mind bogglers in the our world today. Just going back could change the whole outcome of human history. Yeah, it's a lot to think about, and this film builds upon theories similar to these...more than the rest of the world may want. Darren Aronofsky is now an instant legend in indie-filmmaking for this film. It is incredibly original, smart, somewhat disturbing, and may stick in your mind like crazy glue. I have never seen a film that has so challenged my perception of reality since David Lynch's Eraserhead. (Viewers have often compared the two films for their similarities in mood and style.) Although, I was kind of thrown off by Eraserhead's metaphores that only Lynch understood, Pi had me gripped until the end. Gullete plays Max Cohen, a mathematical genius on the brink of a new discovery, and also on the edge of insanity. Everything around us is comprised of patterns, and Max is trying to find one in the largest productions of ordered chaos: the stock market. With the aid of his giant computer system, Euclid, he tries to find a pattern in stocks that are traded every second. After uploading a disk with a Hebrew alphabet, Euclid prints out a two hundred and sixteen digit number that may in fact be the very name of God (According The Torah). Hounded by a stock firm who will do anything to retrieve the code from him and his uncontrolable migraines, Max finds himself in a mess that may or may not end his life.

47. Pi Value of pi Archimedes approximated pi, by inscribing and circumscribing a circle with polygons of many sides. He showed that 3+10/71 pi 3+1/7 (in other words, 3 http://www.jimloy.com/geometry/pi.htm

Return to my Mathematics pages Go to my home page Pi , then click here for the alternative (Pi) page Definition of pi: What is pi (the symbol is the small Greek letter )? It is equal to C/d, or C/2r, where C is the circumference of any circle, and d is its diameter, and r is its radius. Euclid proved that this ratio (C/d) is always the same, no matter the size of the circle. What he did was inscribe similar regular polygons in any two circles. Then, he increased the number of sides of the inscribed regular polygons. He reasoned that as the number of sides increased, the perimeter of the inscribed polygon gets closer and closer to the circumference of the circle. He also showed that the perimeters of the similar polygons were proportional to the radii of the circles in which they were inscribed. And so, C is proportional to r, in other words C/r is a constant. By convention, pi=C/2r . And we can use that as our definition of pi. Definition of pi: pi=C/2r Since we know pi to many decimal places, the following version of the same equation becomes fairly useful: Circumference formula: C=2(pi)r Value of pi: Pi is about: Area of a circle: At the top of this article, I said that Euclid proved that C/2r is a constant. C/2r eventually became known as pi, and is our definition of pi. We need to figure out the area of a circle.

48. Calculate Value Of Pi : Pi, Calculate I remeber a LONG time ago (19811982), coming across a BASIC program that would calculate the value of Pi to a specific number of decimal places. It stored each 'digit' in an array http://www.experts-exchange.com/Programming/Languages/Visual_Basic/Q_22060520.ht

49. Cold Fusion Video Reviews | Pi (1998) Review by Nathan Shumate. http://www.coldfusionvideo.com/archives/pi-1998/

Home About Links Other Goodies ... Feedback Sci-Fi, Horror, and General Whoopass Cold Fusion Video Reviews Pi Posted on November 29, 1999 by Nathan Shumate Written and directed by Darren Aronofsky Starring Sean Gullette Mark Margolis Ben Shenkman Pamela Hart Stephen Pearlman Preamble #1: When I was in my early teens and first decided I wanted to be a writer, I conceived a tale of a man who started to understand . He understood completely, perfectly, wholly, one little infinitesmal part of the world. And then he found that, because he understood that, be started understanding everything around it. And then he discovered he could extrapolate perfectly from that perfectly understood present into the past or the future. In the end he was consumed by spontaneous human combustion. Preamble #2: End of Preambles Pi Maximillian Cohen is a driven young mathematician with terrible headaches, working in his computer-crowded NY apartment to find a pattern in the stock market. His basic theory: Everything has a pattern to be discovered. He discusses his obsession with his mentor, Saul Robeson, a retired teacher who had devoted his life to finding the pattern in Pi before having a stroke; now his life is devoted to his fish and playing Go with Max. Nadja ). But

50. Math Forum: A Chronological Table Of Values Attributed To Pi While Euler (17071783) derived his famous formula Today Pi is known to more than 10 billion decimal places. to Finding the Value of Pi to Java Applet on Squaring the Circle http://mathforum.org/isaac/problems/pi2.html

The values of Pi through time A Math Forum Project Table of Contents: Famous Problems Home The Bridges of Konigsberg The Value of Pi Prime Numbers ... Links Person/People Year Value Babylonians ~2000 B.C. Egyptians ~2000 B.C. Chinese ~1200 B.C. Old Testament ~550 B.C. Archimedes ~300 B.C. uses 211875/67441=3.14163 Ptolemy ~200 A.D. Chung Huing ~300 A.D. sqrt(10)=3.16... Wang Fau 263 A.D. Tsu Chung-Chi ~500 A.D. Aryabhatta Brahmagupta sqrt(10) Fibonacci Ludolph van Ceulen Calculates Pi to 35 decimal places Machin 100 decimal places Lambert Proves Pi is irrational Richter 500 decimal places Lindeman Proves Pi is transcendental Ferguson 808 decimal places Pegasus Computer 7,840 decimal places IBM 7090 100,000 decimal places CDC 6600 500,000 decimal places So what happened between 1220 and 1596? Well, in the late 15th century European mathematicians (benefiting from the greater intellectual freedom that came with the end of the Middle Ages) figured out how to express Pi exactly as an infinite product. This facilitated the computation of much better approximations. As time passed, mathematicians made the expressions for Pi as an infinite product or sum more concise, and computational methods improved as well. For example: determined that: John Wallis (1616-1703) showed that: While Euler (1707-1783) derived his famous formula: Today Pi is known to more than 10 billion decimal places.

51. PI SCAVENGER HUNT 6) What value of PI did the Egyptians obtain 2000 years before Christ? http//geocities.com/capecanaveral/lab/3550/pi.htm 7) What value of PI did the Babylonians obtain? http://www.astronaut.brevard.k12.fl.us/Media Website/PI SCAVENGER HUNT.doc

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52. Billion Digit Pi Billion digits of Pi for download. Search for birthday dates in Pi. Introduction to maths related to Pi. Simple description of how Pi is calculated. http://gc3.net84.net/pi.htm

53. Cstest.cs - Kari S Site For People Who Want To Learn Computer Write( \n\n + some_variable ) ; const int RADIUS_OF_SUN_IN_KILOMETERS http://www.naturalprogramming.com/csbookprograms/csfilesextra/cstest.cs

54. Hidden Codes In The Bible: The Value Of Pi - Chuck Missler - Koinonia House Chuck Missler takes a second look at 1 Kings 723 and considers the precision that God has hidden in His Word, even to the calculation of pi. http://www.khouse.org/articles/1998/158/

55. How To Calculate Value Of Pi - C / C++ Answers how to calculate value of pi. Ask C / C++ questions and get answers from our community of C / C++ experts and professionals on BYTES. http://bytes.com/topic/c/answers/677431-how-calculate-value-pi

/** * vBulletin 3.7.6 CSS * Style: 'bytes.answers'; Style ID: 18 */ @import url("/clientscript/vbulletin_css/style-94eb1e9e-00018.css"); All Topics Business Careers and Education Consulting ... login new member: Register member login: Email Address: Password: lost password? bytes c / c++ c / c++ questions how to calculate value of pi Thomas Posts: n/a : Jul 14 '07 Hi, I'm pretty new to the programming world. I got stuck in the following problem. Please guide me about it. Well I'm trying to get the value of I've used long double type but to no avail. I even can't get the value of How this problem can be solved? Similarly, I was trying to develoop a program in hich we can calculate the value of PI to our desired decimal point, but i got stuck in it. How these sort of problems can be solved in C? What tools C provides us to calculate such values? Get more answers. Share this question on: Twitter Facebook StumbleUpon Digg Joe Wright Posts: n/a : Jul 14 '07 re: how to calculate value of pi Thomas wrote: Hi, I'm pretty new to the programming world. I got stuck in the

56. A Common Book Of Pi Includes a brief history, a page with different formulas and a list of references. http://personal.bgsu.edu/~carother/pi/Pi1.html

A Common Book of The mysterious and wonderful is reduced to a gargle that helps computing machines clear their throats. Philip J. Davis In recent years, the computation of the expansion of has assumed the role of a standard test of computer integrity. David H. Bailey It requires a mere 39 digits of in order to compute the circumference of a circle of radius (an upper bound on the distance travelled by a particle moving at the speed of light for 20 billion years, and as such an upper bound for the radius of the universe) with an error of less than meters (a lower bound for the radius of a hydrogen atom). Jonathan and Peter Borwein The number has been the subject of a great deal of mathematical (and popular) folklore. It's been worshipped, maligned, and misunderstood. Overestimated, underestimated, and legislated. Of interest to scholars, crackpots, and everyday people. Pretty amazing accomplishments for a number! The next few pages will attempt to teach you a few facts about You will find here, among other things, a

57. Value Of Pi - Ask.com Top questions and answers about Valueof-Pi. Find 59 questions and answers about Value-of-Pi at Ask.com Read more. http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Value-of-Pi

58. Pi Lesson: Calculating The Value Of Pi Pi a number that is often memorized for the use in mathematical calculations. Have students learn the concept of pi and not simply memorize it. http://www.suite101.com/content/pi-lesson-a7600

59. The Constant Pi History, formulae, algorithms, programs, records of computation, and references. http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Pi/pi.html

Archimedes ' constant p p And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other; it was round all about ... and a line ot thirty cubits did compass it round about. - Bible, 1 Kings 7:23 This mysterious 3.141592..., which comes in at every door and window, and down every chimney. Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871) Definitions Geometrical definition The constant p (Greek letter pi ) is, classically, defined as the ratio of the circumference p of a circle to its diameter d p p d p r and, as proved by Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC) in his famous Measurement of a Circle , the same constant is also the ratio of the area A enclosed by the circle to the square of its radius r A p r Archimedes Analytical definition In 1934, the German mathematician Edmund Landau (1877-1938) gave a new and analytical definition based on the cosine function cos t t t t 1/3 (take the 3 first terms of the sequence), from the continuity of the cosine function, the equation cos t = has roots. If t is the smallest positive root of this equation

60. Indiana Pi Bill - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Full text of the bill; Indiana Pi narrative about the nearpassing of the bill; The Straight Dope article; Alabama Changes the Value of Pi related hoax http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Pi_Bill

Indiana Pi Bill From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Part of a series of articles on the mathematical constant Uses Area of disk Circumference Use in other formulae Properties Irrationality Transcendence Less than 22/7 Value Approximations Memorization People Archimedes Zu Chongzhi Madhava of Sangamagrama William Jones ... John Wrench History Chronology Book In culture Legislation Holiday Related topics Squaring the circle Basel problem Other topics related to π v ... e The Indiana Pi Bill is the popular name for bill #246 of the 1897 sitting of the Indiana General Assembly , one of the most famous attempts to establish scientific truth by legislative fiat. Despite that name, the main result claimed by the bill is a method to square the circle , rather than to establish a certain value for , although the bill does contain text that appears to dictate various incorrect values of π, such as 3.2. The bill never became law, due to the intervention of a mathematics professor who happened to be present in the legislature. The impossibility of squaring the circle using only compass and straightedge , suspected since ancient times, was rigorously proved in 1882 by Ferdinand von Lindemann . Better approximations of π than those inferred from the bill have been known since ancient times. Contents Legislative history The mathematics Approximation of π Area of the circle ... edit Legislative history In 1897

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