41. John Scott Award Recipients 1921-1930 Aston, Francis William, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Development of the massspectrography and its use in the study of isotopes Thomson, Sir Joseph John, O.M., F.R.S., LL.D, Ph.D, D.Sc. http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/js1921-1930.html

THE JOHN SCOTT AWARD PHILADELPHIA, PA Award Recipients None DeForest, Lee , Electrical Engineer Audio used in radio Dubbs, Carbon P. , Chem. Eng. Process for economically producing gasoline on a large scale Field, Allan Bartram , Elec. Eng. Mathematical paper on eddy currents in large slot wound conductors Levaditi, Constantin, M.D. Sazerac, Robert, M.D. (Both of Pasteur Institute) Joint discovery of the use of Bismuth in the treatment of Syphilis Edison, Thomas A. Numerous inventions Evans, Herbert M , M.D. Anti-sterility vitamin McBride, Thomas C ., M.E. Locomotive feed water heater Bovie, William T. , M.D. Development of an electro-surgical apparatus Arnold, Harold D. , Ph.D. Development of the three-electride high vacuum thermonic tube Amaral, Alfranio do , Dr. Preparation of Antivenins Hess, Alfred F. , M.D. Method of producing a vitamin factor in food by ultra-violet light Ives, Herbert E ., Physicist Electrical telephotography and television Kneass, Strickland L. Exhaust steam injector Knowles, Dewey DeForest Grid glow tube Rous, Peyton, M.D.

42. Encyclopedia: Chemistry: Biographies — Infoplease.com Aston, Francis William; Baekeland, Leo Hendrik; Baeyer, Adolf von; Barton, Derek H. R. Berthelot, Pierre Eug ne Marcelin; Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/1chembio.html

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43. Francis William Aston Nobel Winners picture, Nobel Winners Bio Francis William Aston (18771956) British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1922 for his development of the http://www.nobel-winners.com/Chemistry/francis_william_aston.html

Francis William Aston Francis William Aston British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1922 for his development of the mass spectrograph, a device that separates atoms or molecular fragments of different mass and measures those masses with remarkable accuracy. Aston used the mass spectrograph to discover a large number of nuclides, or nuclear species that differ in mass. The mass spectrograph is widely used in geology, chemistry, biology, and nuclear physics. Aston was trained as a chemist, but, upon the rebirth of physics following the discovery of X rays in 1895 and of radioactivity in 1896, he began in 1903 to study the creation of X rays by the flow of current through a gas-filled tube. In 1910 he became an assistant to Sir J.J. Thomson at Cambridge, who was investigating positively charged rays emanating from gaseous discharges. During Aston's assistantship Thomson obtained, from experiments with neon, the first evidence for isotopes (atoms of the same element that differ in mass) among the stable (nonradioactive) elements. After World War I, Aston constructed a new type of positive-ray apparatus, which he named a mass spectrograph. It showed that not only neon but also many other elements are mixtures of isotopes. Aston's achievement is illustrated by the fact that he discovered 212 of the 287 naturally occurring nuclides.

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