21. Women In Science - Biographies Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Hyde, Dr. Ida J JoliotCurie, Ir ne L Logan, Myra Adele M Mayer, Maria Goeppert-McAuliffe, Sharon Christa McClintock, Barbara http://library.thinkquest.org/20117/mainbio.html

Biographies We have prepared an assortment of biographies featuring many Women In Science. We are constantly updating biographies on the site and hope you enjoy the information. The biographies are sorted by topics and also by alphabetical order for your convenience. All subject areas are separated into a past and present sections. The present section is relying on January 1998 as the date information was obtained. Have fun exploring! Alphabetical Order Past: B: Bascom, Florence Blackwell, Eizabeth C: Cannon, Annie Jump Carson, Rachel Cori, Gerty Curie, Marie F: Fossey, Dian Franklin, Rosalind Elsie H: Hamilton, Alice Herschel, Caroline Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Hyde, Dr. Ida J: L: Logan, Myra Adele M: Mayer, Maria Goeppert- McAuliffe, Sharon Christa McClintock, Barbara Meitner, Lise ... Mitchell, Maria N: Nightingale, Florence P: Payne-Gaposchkin, Dr. Cecelia R: Richards, Ellen Swallow Resnik, Judith S: Sabin, Florence Back to top of page Back to Main Menu Present: A: Albert, Dr. Diane E. Allewell, Dr. Norma M. Ancker-Johnson, Dr. Betsy B: Barry, Dr. Bridgette A.

22. Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was honored on this postage stamp issued in the United Kingdom. (Source Chemical Heritage Foundation) http://www.eoearth.org/article/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot

23. Hodgkin Dorothy Crowfoot Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin B iography Nobel Prize Winner (1964) Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, OM , FRS (May 12, 1910 – July 29, 1994) was a British founder of protein http://www.thebestedu.com/bookmarks/chem/hodgkin-dorothy.htm

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin B iography - Nobel Prize Winner (1964) Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, OM , FRS (May 12, 1910 � July 29, 1994) was a British founder of protein crystallography. She pioneered the technique of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine the three dimensional structures of biomolecules. Among her most influential discoveries are the determination of the structure of penicillin, insulin, and vitamin B12 for which she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Besides her extraordinary scientific abilities, she was unassuming, very communicative, and passionate about social inequalities and peace. Timeline of her discoveries Hodgkin determined the three-dimensional structures of the following biomolecules: cholesterol in 1937 penicillin in 1945 vitamin B12 in 1954 insulin in 1969 as well as lactoglobulin, ferritin, and tobacco mosaic virus The list is not exhaustive, it rather highlights major milestones. Early years She was born Dorothy Mary Crowfoot in 1910 in Cairo, Egypt, to John Crowfoot, excavator and scholar of classics, and Grace Mary Crowfoot n�e Hood. For the first four years of her life she lived as an English expatriate in Asia Minor, returning to England only a few months each year. She spent the period of World War I in the UK under the care of relatives and friends, but separated from her parents. After the war, her mother decided to stay home in England and educate her children - a period that Hodgkin later described as the happiest in her life.

24. Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot | Definition Of Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot | HighBeam.c Find out what Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot means A Dictionary of Scientists has the definition of Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot. Research related newspaper, magazine, and journal http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O84-HodgkinDorothyCrowfoot.html

25. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Winner Of The 1964 Nobel Prize In Chemistry Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. http://www.almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/1964a.html

D OROTHY C ROWFOOT H ODGKIN 1964 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances. Background Residence: Great Britain Affiliation: Royal Society, Oxford University, Oxford Featured Internet Links Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Chemist, Crystallographer, Humanitarian (a biography by Linda Cohen) An historical article by M. F. Perutz An obituary by M. Vijayan Women Nobel Prize Laureates Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links Obituary Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Crystallography World Wide Microsoft Encarta biographical entry Obituary from Physics Today, May, 1995 Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life - a biography by Georgina Ferry (submitted by Ingrid Benirschke Remembering Dorothy Hodgkin (submitted by David Sherwood) her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances. (submitted by Peter) Dorothy Crowfort Hodgkin Biography from Encyclopedia Britannica (submitted by www.britannica.com) DOROTHY CROWFOOT HODGKIN other (submitted by nobmer) Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace Chemistry ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

26. Encyclop�dia Britannica's Guide To Women's History Scientific achievements. Her insulin research was put to one side in 1939 when Australian pathologist Howard Florey and his colleagues at Oxford succeeded in isolating http://www.britannica.com/women/article-259414

Home Where They Lived What They Did When They Lived ... Back To Britannica Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Scientific achievements Her insulin research was put to one side in 1939 when Australian pathologist Howard Florey and his colleagues at Oxford succeeded in isolating penicillin and asked Hodgkin to solve its structure. By 1945 she had succeeded, describing the arrangement of its atoms in three dimensions. Penicillin was at that time the largest molecule to have succumbed to X-ray methods; moreover, the technique had resolved a dispute between eminent organic chemists about its structure. Hodgkin's work on penicillin was recognized by her election to the Royal Society, Britain's premier scientific academy, in 1947, only two years after a woman had been elected for the first time. In the mid-1950s, Hodgkin discovered the structure of vitamin B ; notably, she made extensive use of computers to carry out the complex computations involved. Her achievements led to her election in 1960 as the first Wolfson Research Professor of the Royal Society, a post she held while remaining in Oxford. Nominated more than once for the Nobel Prize, she won in 1964 for her work on penicillin and vitamin B . The following year she was made a member of the Order of Merit, Britain's highest honour for achievement in science, the arts, and public life.

27. Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot | Chemical Heritage Foundation We Tell the Story of Chemistry Chemical Heritage Foundation. Visit http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/chemistry-in-history/topics/people-and-orga

28. Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot | Definition Of Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot | HighBeam.c Find out what Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot means The Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations has the definition of Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot. Research related newspaper http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O218-HodgkinDorothyCrowfoot.html

29. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (British Chemist) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia Facts about Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot, as discussed in Britannica Compton's Encyclopedia Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot When did Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin die? http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/268607/Dorothy-Mary-Crowfoot-Hodgkin

document.write(''); Search Site: Advanced Search With all of these words With the exact phrase With any of these words Without these words Home SHOP BROWSE BLOG ... HELP Username: Password: Remember me Forgot your password? Help Email " is the e-mail address you used when you registered. Password " is case sensitive. If you need additional assistance, please contact customer support Enter the e-mail address you used when enrolling for Britannica Premium Service and we will e-mail your password to you. Dorothy-Mary-Crowfoot-Hodgkin My Britannica CREATE MY Dorothy Crow... NEW ARTICLE ... SAVE Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Table of Contents: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Article Article Education and marriage Education and marriage Scientific achievements Scientific achievements Social activism Social activism Additional Reading Additional Reading Supplemental Information Supplemental Information - Spotlights Spotlights External Web sites External Web sites Citations Article Education and marriage Scientific achievements Social activism ... Citations Primary Contributor: Georgina Ferry ARTICLE from the Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Dorothy Mary Crowfoot penicillin and vitamin B brought her the 1964 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

30. Hodgkin, Dorothy Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Information From Answers.com Hodgkin , Dorothy Hodgkin , Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin English chemist who used crystallography to study the structure of organic compounds http://www.answers.com/topic/hodgkin-dorothy-hodgkin-dorothy-crowfoot-hodgkin

31. Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot (19101994) Dorothy Crowfoot was born in Cairo on May 12th, 1910 where her father, John Winter Crowfoot, was working in the http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/H/Hodgkin1/Hodgk

Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot She spent two happy years in Cambridge, making many friends and exploring with Bernal a variety of problems. She was financed by her aunt, Dorothy Hood, who had paid all her college bills, and by a �75 scholarship from Somerville. In 1933, Somerville, gave her a research fellowship, to be held for one year at Cambridge and the second at Oxford. She returned to Somerville and Oxford in 1934 and she has remained there, except for brief intervals, ever since. In 1937 she married Thomas Hodgkin, son of one historian and grandson of two others, whose main field of interest has been the history and politics of Africa and the Arab world, and who is at present Director of the Institute of African Studies at the University of Ghana, where part of her own working life is also spent. They have three children and three grandchildren. Their elder son is a mathematician, now teaching for a year at the University of Algiers, before taking up a permanent post at the new University of Warwick. Their daughter (like many of her ancestors) is an historian-teaching at girls' secondary school in Zambia. Their younger son has spent a pre-University year in India before going to Newcastle to study Botany, and eventually Agriculture. So at the present moment they are a somewhat dispersed family.

32. Www.physics.ucla.edu Reference Information; Book Name Notable 20th Century Scientists Acronym 1F N20 Call Number SEL/EMS REF Q141 N73 1995 Article Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/refdb/1F_N20-842554369.html

Reference Information Book Name Notable 20th Century Scientists Acronym Call Number SEL/EMS REF Q141 N73 1995 Article "Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot" Publisher Gale Research Date of Publication City of Publication Detroit, MI Editor Emily J. McMurray Other Editors Jane Kelly Kosek and Roger M. Volade III Author Gail B.C. Marsella Other Authors Additional Information Women Cited Crystallography Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Reference to publications in scientific journals some Biographical references yes Areas of Research yes Discoveries Made yes Notes This is a short article about the life and work of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin.

33. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Dorothy Hodgkin Dorothy Hodgkin 1910 1994. Though born in the twentieth century, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin had a typical late-nineteenth century upbringing. She was born in Cairo, Egypt, then a http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bmhodg.html

document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js' %3E%3C/script%3E")); Dorothy Hodgkin Though born in the twentieth century, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin had a typical late-nineteenth century upbringing. She was born in Cairo, Egypt, then a British colony. When Hodgkin was four, the family was back in England and World War I broke out. The parents returned to Egypt, leaving the children with family and governesses for four years. Hodgkin found an interest in chemistry and crystals, a popular hobby for women of leisure in the 1800s. But on her sixteenth birthday, she received a book by William Henry Bragg (a Nobelist in physics) about using x-rays to analyze crystals. She had found her life's work. When Hodgkin graduated from Oxford in 1932, jobs were scarce. She found a position in an x-ray crystallography lab studying biological crystals. This technique helped tease out the structure of molecules. Though diagnosed at age 24 with rheumatoid arthritis, she became one of the most skilled crystallographers of her time. In Cambridge and later at Oxford, she always chose projects that no one else thought quite possible. She ran into Ernst Chain one day, who was beaming from his recent animal trials of

34. The Nobel Prize In Chemistry 1964 Nobelprize.org, The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1964/

Home FAQ Press Contact Us ... Nobel Prize in Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 About the Nobel Prizes Facts and Lists Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize in Chemistry ... Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies Sort and list Nobel Prizes and Nobel Laureates Create a List All Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize Awarded Organizations Women Nobel Laureates Nobel Laureates and Universities Prize category: Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature Peace Economics The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 Summary Presentation Speech Perspectives ... Other Resources Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 was awarded to Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" TO CITE THIS PAGE: MLA style: "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964". Nobelprize.org. 1 Nov 2010 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1964/ About Nobelprize.org Technical Support Home FAQ ... Contact Us

35. CWP At Physics.UCLA.edu // Hodgkin Copyright CWP and Regents of the University of California 199798. To cite this citation Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot. CWP http//www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html

Welcome to CWP at UCLA 86 Eminent Physicists Search the Archive Fascinating Documents Annotated Photo Gallery In Her Own Words Some Physics History ... Photo Credits Crystallography Contributions Publications Honors Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Jobs/Positions Education Additional Information Some Important Contributions In 1934, with J. D. Bernal in Cambridge, photographed for the first time single crystals of a protein - pepsin. First to determine the three-dimensional structure of a complex bio-organic molecule. She determined the structure of cholesteryl iodide by x-ray diffraction in 1941-42 (published in 1945) in complete three-dimensional detail, at a time when no one else was determining complex structures in three dimensions because of the formidable calculations involved. Determined the structure of penicillin in 1944 (published in 1949), again in three-dimensional detail. Before her work there was only fragmentary and conflicting evidence on the structure, from chemical analysis, of this rather unstable molecule, which was of immense importance as an antibiotic during and immediately after World War II. Determined the structure of vitamin B-12 in 1956, using one of the first high-speed digital computers. This was by far the most complex molecule whose three-dimensional architecture had been established, and some of its unusual structural features were quite unanticipated.

36. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, 1964 Winner Of Nobel Prize In Chemistry Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964 for determining the structures of substances such as cholesterol, penicillin and vitamin B12 using Xray http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/h/dorothy-crowfoot-hodgkin.html

37. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin She was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry for determining the structure of biochemical compounds essential in combating pernicious anemia. Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot http://www.distinguishedwomen.com/biographies/hodgkin.html

Distinguished Women of Past and Present First Page Name Index Subject Index Related Sites ... Search Special thanks to the Microsoft Corporation for their contribution to this site. The following information came from Microsoft Encarta Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910-1994), British chemist and Nobel laureate, best known for her use of X-ray diffraction to study the structure of macromolecules. She was born in Cairo, and educated at Somerville College, University of Oxford. In 1960 she was named a research professor of the Royal Society. She was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry for determining the structure of biochemical compounds essential in combating pernicious anemia. "Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot" Microsoft(R) Encarta

38. JCE Online: Biographical Snapshots: Snapshot This short biographical snapshot provides basic information about the person's chemical work, gender, ethnicity, and cultural background. http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCEWWW/Features/eChemists/document.php?chemid=8

39. CWP At Physics.UCLA.edu // Hodgkin Disclaimer eiNET is not affiliated in any way with the CWP at physics.UCLA.edu // Hodgkin (www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html) website. http://www.einet.net/review/86044-851413/CWP_at_physics_UCLA_edu_Hodgkin.htm

Add A Site What's New Search for: in: The Directory The Web Home Science Chemistry Chemists ... CWP at physics.UCLA.edu // Hodgkin Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics: Historical archive of profiles of 20th century women who have made original and important contributions to physics. Focuses on the physicist's scientific work, presents brief descriptions of major contributions, and lists important publications, honors, and appointments. www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html Add Your Own Review Have an opinion about the website www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html ? Share it with us! Write a review below and share your thoughts with the world. Name: Email: Review: Like Dislike Please Note: In our efforts to eliminate spam from the comments, we reserve the right to remove any comment/review deemed inappropriate. Views and opinions expressed may not be representative of eiNET or its owners but all effort is made to keep the site free of obscenities, illegal or otherwise malicious activity. Do you own or run www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html?

40. HowStuffWorks "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin" Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot (19101994), a British chemist and crystallographer, won the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry for X-ray studies of molecular compounds such as penicillin and http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/famous-scientists/chemists/dorothy-c

HSW.sm.loadPageInfo(527590); OAS_AD('TopBanner'); HowStuffWorks Search HowStuffWorks and the web Video Podcasts Blogs Quizzes Games RSS Adventure Animals Auto Culture ... Chemists Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Print Cite Feedback E-mail This ... Recommend Cite This! Close Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks article: Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910-1994), a British chemist and crystallographer, won the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry for X-ray studies of molecular compounds such as penicillin and vitamin B12. Dorothy Crowfoot was born on May 12, 1910, in Cairo, Egypt. The British controlled Egypt at that time, and her parents were British. Her father, John Crowfoot, worked for the Egyptian Ministry of Education. Her mother, Grace Hood Crowfoot, studied plants and knew much about ancient Egyptian cloth. During World War I (1914–1918), Dorothy and her younger sisters lived in England, where they were cared for by their relatives and a nanny. As a child, Hodgkin traveled to locations in Africa and the Middle East with her parents. Dorothy attended the Sir John Leman School in Beccles, England. For one of her birthdays. Crowfoot's mother gave her a book by the British physicist William Henry Bragg, a pioneer in the field of X-ray crystallography, which involves the use of X rays to study crystals. Crystals are solid substances that are composed of atoms arranged in planes, with regular spacing between the planes. When a beam of X rays is passed through the crystal, the planes act as tiny mirrors, diffracting (spreading out) the rays into a geometric pattern. Each type of crystal produces a different diffraction pattern. By capturing the pattern on film and then mathematically calculating the distances and relative positions of the individual spots in the pattern, Bragg and his son, William Lawrence Bragg, showed that it was possible to determine the precise geometric arrangement of atoms within different crystals. These two crystallographers (scientists specializing in crystallography) shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in physics for their work.

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