41. Marcus Aurelius - Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Basic information on the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/rome/a/blaurelius.htm

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zGCID=this.zGCID?zGCID+" test11":" test11" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Ancient / Classical History Ancient / Classical History Search Ancient History Wars Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Free Ancient History Newsletter! Sign Up Discuss in my Forum By N.S. Gill , About.com Guide See More About: marcus aurelius roman emperors stoic Bust of Marcus Aurelius. Glyptothek, Munich, Germany PD Bibi Saint-Pol. Courtesy of Wikipedia. More Images zSB(3,3) Marcus Aurelius (April 26, 121 - March 17, 180) was the last of the five "good" emperors of Rome and a major Stoic philosopher. Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (born Marcus Annius Verus) reigned from from A.D. 161-180. As Roman emperor, Marcus Aurelius followed Emperor Antoninus Pius (the husband of a paternal aunt of Marcus Aurelius) who had adopted Aurelius as heir. In 145, Marcus Aurelius married his cousin Faustina, the daughter of Antoninus Pius. Marcus Aurelius originally co-ruled with Lucius Aurelius Verus who commanded the eastern campaigns and died suddenly in 169. [See Historia Augusta - The Life of Lucius Verus 9.11

42. Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1998.11.35 Book review containing comparison/contrasts between Stoicism and other philosophies. http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1998/1998-11-35.html

Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1998.11.35 Pierre Hadot, The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. Translated by Michael Chase . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. Pp. x, 351. ISBN 0-674-46171-1. $45.00. Reviewed by Rachana Kamtekar, Institute for Research in the Humanities, University of Wisconsin-Madison (rkamtekar@facstaff.wisc.edu) Word count: 4302 words English-language readers of Hadot's Philosophy as a Way of Life (Blackwell, 1995) and students of Stoicism will welcome Michael Chase's translation of Hadot's 1992 . In The Inner Citadel , Hadot applies to Marcus Aurelius' Meditations his characteristic interpretative approach: treating ancient philosophy as a "way of life," in particular one which provides its students with "spiritual exercises" to enable them to make progress towards wisdom, and treating ancient philosophical texts with attention to the "forms of discourse," or constraints of genre, tradition, and audience that affected their production. Hadot's extended application of this approach to Marcus gives readers an opportunity to evaluate its fruitfulness. Below, I give a brief chapter-by-chapter summary of Hadot's interpretation of Marcus' Meditations , commenting along the way on some general issues in The Inner Citadel : (1) the treatment of Marcus' eclecticism vs. Stoic orthodoxy, (2) the value of indifferents, (3) the Stoics' account of the relationship between the disciplines of logic, physics, and ethics, especially in their theoretical and practical dimensions.

43. Dictionary Of Christian Biography And Literature To The End Of The Sixth Century Extensive article emphasizing the influence of his poetry. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/wace/biodict.html?term=Prudentius, Marcus (?) Aurelius

44. Marcus Aurelius Marcus Annius Verus was born at Rome on 26 April AD 121. His paternal greatgrandfather, Annius Verus from Uccubi (near Corduba) in Baetica, had brought the family, wealthy http://www.roman-empire.net/highpoint/marcaurelius.html

Roman Empire Home Page The High Point Chapter The High Point Portrait Gallery Roman Empire Children's Section Marcus Aurelius, Capitoline Museums, Rome 'Marcus Aurelius' Marcus Annius Verus (AD 121 - AD 180) Marcus Annius Verus was born at Rome on 26 April AD 121. His paternal great-grandfather, Annius Verus from Uccubi (near Corduba) in Baetica, had brought the family, wealthy through the production of olive oil, to prominence by gaining the rank of senator and praetor. After this, his paternal grandfather (also Marcus Annius Verus) held the office of consul three times. It was this grandfather who adopted Marcus Aurelius after his father's death, and at whose grand residence the young Marcus grew up. His father, also called Marcus Annius Verus, married Domitia Lucilla, cam came from a wealthy family which owned a tile factory (which Marcus would inherit) close to Rome. But he would die young, when his son was only about three years old. Early on in his life Marcus had the additional names 'Catilius Severus' to his name. This was in honour of his maternal step-grandfather who had been consul in AD 110 and 120. To complete the picture of Marcus' family ties, one needs also to mention his paternal aunt, Annia Galeria Faustina (Faustina the Elder), who was the wife of Antoninus Pius.

45. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christian Gaul The Church of Gaul first appeared in history in connexion with the persecution at Lyons under Marcus Aurelius (177). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06395b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... G > Christian Gaul Christian Gaul The Church of Gaul first appeared in history in connexion with the persecution at Lyons under Marcus Aurelius (177). The pagan inhabitants rose up against the Christians , and forty-eight martyrs suffered death under various tortures. Among them there were children like the slave Blandina and Ponticus , a youth of fifteen. Every rank of life had members among the first martyrs of the Church of Gaul: the aristocracy were represented by Vettius Epagathus; the professional class by Attalus of Pergamus , a physician; a neophyte Maturus, died beside Pothinus Bishop of Lyons , and Sanctus deacon of Vienne . The Christians of Lyons and Vienne in a letter to their brethren of Smyrna give an account of this persecution , and the letter preserved by Eusebius Church History V.1-4 , is one the gems of Christian literature . In this document the Church of Lyons seems to be the only church organized at the time in Gaul. That of Vienne appears to have been dependent on it and, to judge from similar cases, was probably administered by a

46. Marcus Aurelius home index ancient Rome emperors article by Jona Lendering Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius (British Museum, London) http://www.livius.org/di-dn/divi_fratres/marcus.html

home index ancient Rome emperors Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius (British Museum, London) Marcus Aurelius: emperor of the Roman world (161-180). Names: 26 April 121: Marcus Annius Catilius Severus 17 March 136: Marcus Annius Verus 25 February 138: Marcus Aelius Aurelius Verus 139: Aurelius Caesar 7 March 161: Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus 17 March 180: natural death Successor of: Antoninus Pius Relatives: father: Marcus Annius Verus mother: Domitia Lucilla married to: Faustina II children: Domitia Faustina; Titus Aurelius Antoninus Titus Aelius Aurelius Annia Lucilla (married to Lucius Verus ); Annia Aurelia Galeria Faustina; Titus Aelius Antoninus; a son; Fadilla ; Cornificia; Fulvus Antoninus and Commodus (twins); Marcus Annius Verus ; Hadrianus; Vibia Aurelia Sabina Early career: 121 Born in Rome 128 Coopted in the college of the Salii 136 Engaged to Ceionia Fabia, daughter of Lucius Aelius prefect of the Latin festival 138 Adopted by Antoninus Pius ; new engagement to Annia Galeria Faustina, daughter of Pius Quaestor ; recognized as caesar Consul 145 Consul II; mariage to Faustina

47. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Thundering Legion The story of an expedition against the Quadi led by Emperor Marcus Aurelius. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14711b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... T > Thundering Legion Thundering Legion Legio fulminata , or fulminea , not fulminatrix The story of the Thundering Legion is in substance as follows: When the Emperor Marcus Aurelius led an expedition against the Quadi in 174, his army, exhausted by thirst, was on the point of falling an easy prey to the enemy. It was then that the soldiers of the Twelfth Legion, which was composed of Christians prayed to their God for help. Forthwith a heavy thunderstorm arose, bringing the desired relief to the Romans , but terrifying and dispersing the barbarians. Hereupon the emperor issued a decree forbidding the persecution of the Christians and to the Twelfth Legion he gave the surname of fulminata , or fulminea , that is, "thundering." The earliest reference to this occurrence from a Christian source was made by Tertullian ("Apologeticum," v, and To Scapula ). He is quoted by Eusebius Church History V.5 ), who also cites Apollinaris of Hierapolis , a contemporary of Aurelius , as an authority for the alleged miracle . Later Christian authorities are Orosius (Hist. adv. paganos, VII, xv)

48. Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was born Marcus Annius Verus in C.E. 121 on the 26th April while Hadrian was emperor. http://www.murphsplace.com/gladiator/marcus.html

Gladiators Roman Life Marcus Aurelius Commodus ... Londinium - NEW The Legionary Main Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was born Marcus Annius Verus in C.E. 121 on the 26th April while Hadrian was emperor. His parents died when he was young and young Marcus was adopted by his grandfather. His grandfather saw to it that Marcus Aurelius got an excellent education. At the age of seventeen, Marcus Annius was adopted by his uncle, the new emperor, Aurelius Antoninus Pius, who had been adopted by the emperor Hadrian on the condition that he [Pius] adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. Marcus and Aurelius Antoninus' daughter Faustina were married and would go on to have five children. However, only the tyrannical Commodus, who would succeed Marcus Aurelius survived past childhood. In C.E. 161, Antoninus died and Marcus Aurelius became Emperor. He made Lucius Verus joint emperor and for the first time two emperors ruled Rome concurrently. Their rule was affected by the wars and plagues that affected the Empire. From 162 to 165, they fought the Pathians under Vologeses III and it was while returning from this engagement that the legions brought a plague back to Rome. From 167-168, Rome was at war with the Marcomanni and upon Verus' death in 169, which left Aurelius sole ruler, the hostilities resumed. It was while fighting this war that he, stationed on the Danube with his troops and living a meloncholy existence, wrote his famous book The Meditations.This book embodies the ideals of the Stoic philosophy.

49. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Maxentius Roman Emperor 306-12, son of the Emperor Maximianus Herculius and son-in-law of the chief Emperor Galerius. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10073b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... M > Marcus Aurelius Maxentius Marcus Aurelius Maxentius Roman Emperor 306-12, son of the Emperor Maximinianus Herculius and son-in-law of the chief Emperor Galerius . After his father's abdication he lived in Rome as a private citizen; but when Galerius established in Rome and Italy the new poll and land taxes decreed by Diocletian he was elected (28 October, 306) rival emperor. Maxentius owed his elevation not to personal merit but to the senators and pretorians who, because of the unusual measures of the emperor, feared lest they should lose their privileged position. Maxentius's adherents then summoned his father from Campania to Rome ; and the young ruler invested him with the purple as co-regent. Thus the Roman empire had six rulers. Severus , the Augustus of the West , received a commission from Galerius to expel the youthful usurper from Rome ; but when he reached the capital, part of his army deserted to their old commander, Maximian Severus with a few followers escaped to Ravenna so as to maintain military relations with Galerius . He then made terms with Maximian and surrendered to him, expecting

50. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Marcus Aurelius Probus (Catholic Encyclopedia) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12446a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... P > Marcus Aurelius Probus Marcus Aurelius Probus Roman Emperor , 276-82, raised to the throne by the army in Syria to succeed Tacitus. Of humble origin, he was born at Sirmium in Illyria ; by courage and ability he won the confidence of the soldiers, and during the reign of Marcus Aurelius should Ed. ] he subdued Palmyra and Egypt . As emperor, he ordained that the imperial edicts must be ratified by the senate, and he returned to the senate the right of appointing the governors of the former senatorial provinces. His reign was passed in wars with the Germans . He personally drove the Alamanni across the Rhine and forced them as far as the fortifications, extending from Ratisbon to Mainz . He made nine German kings tributary to Rome , and distributed sixteen thousand German warriors among the Roman legions. In 278 the emperor re-established peace in Rhaetia Illyria , and Moesia by campaigns against the Burgundians and Vandals . In the meantime his generals had overcome the Franks on the lower Rhine. The next year the emperor went to Asia Minor where he punished the Isaurians and gained their fortified castle Cremna in Pisidia . His legions advanced as far as Syria and Egypt Probus settled foreign colonists in all the boundary provinces. In this way, he brought about that the outlying provinces were peacefully settled by

51. Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius. Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121 March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. http://www.crystalinks.com/marcusaurelius.html

Marcus Aurelius Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121 � March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was born Marcus Annius Catilius Severus, and at marriage took the name Marcus Annius Verus. When he was named Emperor, he was given the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. He was the last of the Five Good Emperors. Early Life Roman Emperor The joint succession may have been motivated by military exigency. During his reign Marcus Aurelius was almost constantly at war with various peoples outside the Empire. Germanic tribes and other peoples launched many raids along the long European border, particularly into Gaul - Germans, in turn, may have been under attack from more warlike tribes farther east. In Asia, a revitalized Parthian Empire renewed its assault. A highly authoritative figure was needed to command the troops, yet the emperor himself could not defend both fronts at the same time. Neither could he simply appoint a general to lead one assault; earlier popular military leaders like Julius Caesar and Vespasian had used the military to overthrow the existing government and install themselves as supreme leaders. Marcus Aurelius column, in Rome

52. Marcus Aurelius Roman Emperor: Metaphysics Of Marcus Aurelius, Stoic Philosophy. Metaphysics / Philosophy discussion of Marcus Aurelius (the Roman Emperor) and Stoicism. All is one (nature, universe, god) and interconnected (which determines how we are to http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Philosophy-Marcus-Aurelius.htm

Politics Political Philosophy Famous Quotes 'Das Capital' Economics Profit Consumption Aristotle 'Politics' Political Wisdom Plato 'Republic' Philosopher King Marcus Aurelius Stoic 'Meditations' Cicero Quotes Roman Statesman Thomas Hobbes 'Leviathan' Julius Caesar Famous Quotes Nicolo Machiavelli Quotes The Prince Philosophy Site Map Subjects Truth Reality (Home) Simple Science Metaphysics Substance Mathematical Physics Einstein Relativity Quantum Physics Cosmology Space Philosophy Truth Theology Religion Evolution Ecology Health Nutrition Education Wisdom Politics Utopia The Spherical Standing Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) in Space Site Introduction (2010): Despite several thousand years of failure to correctly understand physical reality (hence the current postmodern view that this is impossible ) there is an obvious solution.

53. Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius. AKA Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus. Born 26Apr-121 AD Birthplace Rome, Italy Died 17-Mar-180 AD Location of death Vindobona http://www.nndb.com/people/979/000087718/

This is a beta version of NNDB Search: All Names Living people Dead people Band Names Book Titles Movie Titles Full Text for Marcus Aurelius AKA Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus Born: 26-Apr -121 AD Birthplace: Rome, Italy Died: 17-Mar -180 AD Location of death: Vindobona Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Cremated, Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome, Italy Gender: Male Race or Ethnicity: White Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Royalty Philosopher Nationality: Ancient Rome Executive summary: Roman Emperor, 161-180 AD Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher, born in Rome AD 121, the date of his birth being variously stated as the 6th, 21st and 26th of April. His original name was Marcus Annius Verus. His mother Domitia Calvilla (or Lucilla) was a lady of consular rank, and the family of his father Annius Verus (prefect of the city and thrice consul), originally Spanish, had received patrician rank from Vespasian . Marcus was three months old when his father died, and was thereupon adopted by his grandfather. The moral training which he received from his grandfather and his mother must have been all but perfect. The noble qualities of the child attracted the attention of Hadrian , who, playing upon the name "Verus", said that it should be changed to "Verissimus." Hadrian adopted, as his successor

54. Marcus Aurelius - About The Emperor Marcus Aurelius Information on the philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) was a Stoic philosopher and one of the 5 good http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/marcusaurelius/p/MarcusAurelius.htm

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zGCID=this.zGCID?zGCID+" test11":" test11" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Ancient / Classical History Ancient / Classical History Search Ancient History Wars Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Free Ancient History Newsletter! Sign Up Discuss in my Forum By N.S. Gill , About.com Guide See More About: marcus aurelius stoics roman philosophers commodus Marcus Aurelius Clipart.com More Images zSB(3,3) Who Was Marcus Aurelius?: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) was a Stoic philosopher and one of the 5 good Roman emperors (r. A.D. 161-180) who was born on April 26 according to DIR Marcus Aurelius (or 6 or 21), A.D. 121. His philosophical writings are known as the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius . He was considered the last of the five good emperors and was succeeded by his son the infamous Roman emperor Commodus. It was during the reign of Marcus Aurelius that the Marcomannic War broke out. Occupation: Ruler Family of Marcus Aurelius: Marcus Aurelius, originally Marcus Annius Verus, was the son of Annius Verus, a consular of Spanish origins who was given patrician rank by

55. Marcus Aurelius — Infoplease.com Encyclopedia Marcus Aurelius. Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus) (m r'k u s rē'lē u s) , 121 – 180, Roman emperor, named originally Marcus Annius Verus. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0831750.html

56. *Marcus Aurelius « United Architects – Essays, Philosophy home. Table of Content “united architects – philosophy” Table of Content all Sites ►→see also ►→ Meditations, by Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius http://architectdann.wordpress.com/marcus-aurelius/

@import url( http://s1.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/rubric/style.css?m=1274400606g ); *Marcus Aurelius Emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180 CE, Ephesus) home Table of Content all Sites ►→see also ►→ Meditations, by Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius All is One (Nature, Universe, God) and Interconnected Humans are Citizens of the Universe All things are woven together and the common bond is sacred, and scarcely one thing is foreign to another, for they have been arranged together in their places and together make the same ordered Universe. For there is one Universe out of all, one God through all, one substance and one law, one common Reason of all intelligent creatures and one Truth. Frequently consider the connection of all things in the universe. We should not say ‘I am an Athenian’ or ‘I am a Roman’ but ‘I am a citizen of the Universe. (Marcus Aurelius, Meditations) Introduction to Marcus Aurelius Stoic Philosophy For there is one Universe out of all, one God through all, one substance and one law, one common Reason of all intelligent creatures and one Truth. From these absolute laws humans derive their reason and morality of which we are to live by. The practical ethics of the Stoics emphasises self control, contentment and living simply in harmony with nature.

57. Marcus Aurelius Quotes (Marcus Aurelius Antoninius) Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninius) was a Stoic and Roman Emperor. His most famous work is Meditations, which appeared in 12 books. Here are a few quotes from the http://classiclit.about.com/od/aureliusmarcus/a/aa_maurelius.htm

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zGCID=this.zGCID?zGCID+" test11":" test11" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Classic Literature Classic Literature Search Classic Literature Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Free Classic Literature Newsletter! Sign Up Discuss in my Forum Marcus Aurelius Quotes (Marcus Aurelius Antoninius) Discover lines from the works of Marcus Aurelius By Esther Lombardi , About.com Guide See More About: marcus aurelius stoic quotes roman zSB(3,3) Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninius) was a Stoic and Roman Emperor. His most famous work is Meditations, which appeared in 12 books. Here are a few quotes from the works of Marcus Aurelius. "A noble man compares and estimates himself by an idea which is higher than himself; and a mean man, by one lower than himself. The one produces aspiration; the other ambition, which is the way in which a vulgar man aspires." - Marcus Aurelius "Accept the things to which fate binds you, and love the people with whom fate brings you together, but do so with all your heart." - Marcus Aurelius "Adapt yourself to the things among which your lot has been cast and love sincerely the fellow creatures with whom destiny has ordained that you shall live."

58. Http://marcusaureliusimages.com 2007 Marcus Aurelius Images New York N.Y. 347.559.0007 http://marcusaureliusimages.com/

59. Emperor Marcus Aurelius: 161-180 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus is regarded as one of the greatest emperors in Roman history; he is numbered among the Five Good Emperors. Marcus ruled the vast empire from 161 to http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/Mediterranean/MAurelius.html

Prehistory Rise and Fall of Empires Era of Small States Assyrian Empire Persia ... Later Roman Empire The Emperor Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus is regarded as one of the greatest emperors in Roman history; he is numbered among the "Five Good Emperors." Marcus ruled the vast empire from 161 to 180 AD. A highly intelligent man, he stands out as one of the greatest intellectual rulers in Western Civilization. Although a great military leader, Marcus was impressed with a firm desire for peace that manifested itself in his philosophical writings. Marcus was born in Rome on April 26, 121 and raised in a wealthy and politically prominent family. He was noticed by the Emperor Hadrian while he was still a child and was consequently given special educational privileges. Marcus was enrolled in the Equestrians at the age of six and the next year he was given special permission to attend the priestly college of the Salii in Rome. It was here that Marcus was taught by the greatest thinkers of the day, representing a variety of cultures. Back to Roman Empire Chronology Back to Roman Thought Chronolog Marcus continued to receive help from emperors, but later assistance would come in the form of his growth in political power. He was adopted by

60. Marcus Aurelius Definition Of Marcus Aurelius In The Free Online Encyclopedia. Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus) (m r`kəs rē`lēəs), 121–180, Roman emperor, named originally Marcus Annius Verus. He was a nephew of Faustina, the http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Marcus Aurelius

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