1. Porphyry A brief introduction to his life and ideas. http://www.kheper.net/topics/Neoplatonism/Porphyry.htm

Home Topics Khepershop Guestbook ... Links Porphyry image from Porphyry Malchus MacTutor History of Mathematics archive Porphyry (c.232/4-c.305) or Porphyrios was born in Tyre [now Lebanon] or Batanaea [now Syria], and studied in Athens, before joining the Neoplatonic group of Plotinus in Rome. In 263-268 or thereabouts, Porphyry studied philosophy in Rome under Plotinus, who rescued him from a suicidal depression In 301 Porphyry completed The Enneads , a systematized and edited collection of the works of Plotinus, including a short but very informative biography. The name Enneads means "Nines", so-called because they were sorted into chapters of nine sections each. (This arrangement of course was purely Porphyry's idea). The Enneads became a book of great significance and influence, not only in the Hellenistic-Roman world, but later in the Islamic and Renaissance Christian worlds as well. Although not an original thinker in the league of his teacher Plotinus, or his student Iamblichus , Porphyry nevertheless was possessed of great learning, an interest in and great talent for historical and philological criticism, and an ernest desire to uproot false teachings in order to ennoble people and turn them to the Good. He declared the salvation of the soul as the ultimate purpose of philosophy. Even more than Plotinus, Porphyry emphasised the mystic path of "flight from the body" (although never in teh context of the Gnostics who considered the material world as "evil"). He also played down the emanationist hierarchies of the Middle Platonists and Plotinus, and seemed sometimes to combine One and Intellect, a process of "telescoping the

2. Porphyry. A short biographical study, with an emphasis on porphyry s legacy to the vegan movement. http://www.vegan.org.nz/porphyry.php

THE LIFE AND WORK OF PORPHYRY P orphyry of Tyre was a philosopher who lived almost 2,000 years ago. According to Gillian Clark's book Porphyry. On Abstinence from Killing Animals , Porphyry came form Tyre in Phoenicia, and was named Malkos, 'king', after his father. However, he related to the world as a Greek and did not write in any other language. His nickname 'Porphyry' comes from the purple associated with kings and the purple dye which came from his home, Tyre. Before going to Rome, he was a student of Longinus, in Athens. In around 263 CE, at around age thirty, he joined a group of philosophers who studied with Plotinus in Rome. Plotinus came from somewhere in Egypt and lived a frugal life. He was celibate and vegetarian and took little in the way of food, drink and sleep. Nevertheless Plotinus took seriously his responsibilities as a citizen, acting as an arbitrator in legal disputes and ensuring that the children who had come under his guardianship were well supported both financially and educationally. It is likely that there were others who also followed a vegetarian lifestyle and indeed Porphyry's On Abstinence from Killing Animals , was a treatise written in the form of an open letter to his friend Castricius in an attempt to persuade him to return to a vegetarian diet which he had abandoned.

3. Porphyry Collected fragments of this lost work by porphyry, as well as links to other resources. Drawn from various translations. http://cosmopolis.com/people/porphyry.html

Porphyry Philosopher (232/3- c . 305 C.E.) Local Resources Porphyry: Concerning Cult Images Provides an allegorical interpretation of the symbolism and names of the Greek divinities. Recommended Reading Porphyry's Letter to His Wife Marcella . Contains an introduction to the life and work of Porphyry by David Fideler. (Phanes Press) Porphyry's Launching-Points to the Realm of Mind: An Introduction to the Neoplatonic Philosophy of Plotinus . An appendix contains a listing of Porphyry's writings, including those which are lost nearly eighty titles in all. (Phanes Press) Porphyry: On the Cave of the Nymphs . An allegorical interpretation of the cave in the thirteenth book of the Odyssey as an image of the cosmos. (Phanes Press) PHILOSOPHY AND COSMOLOGICAL STUDIES PEOPLE TOPICS ALEXANDRIA ON THE WEB

4. Porphyry (geology) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia porphyry is a variety of igneous rock consisting of largegrained crystals, such as feldspar or quartz, dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathic matrix or groundmass. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)

Porphyry (geology) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search For other uses, see Porphyry (disambiguation) A piece of porphyry Rhyolite porphyry. Scale bar in lower left is 1 cm. Porphyry is a variety of igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals , such as feldspar or quartz , dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathic matrix or groundmass. The larger crystals are called phenocrysts . In its non-geologic, traditional use, the term "porphyry" refers to the purple-red form of this stone, valued for its appearance. The term "porphyry" is from Greek and means " purple ". Purple was the color of royalty, and the "Imperial Porphyry" was a deep brownish purple igneous rock with large crystals of plagioclase . This rock was prized for various monuments and building projects in Imperial Rome and later. Subsequently the name was given to igneous rocks with large crystals. Porphyritic now refers to a texture of igneous rocks. Its chief characteristic is a large difference between the size of the tiny matrix crystals and other much larger phenocrysts. Porphyries may be aphanites or phanerites , that is, the groundmass may have invisibly small crystals, like basalt , or the individual crystals of the groundmass may be easily distinguished with the eye, as in granite . Most types of igneous rocks may display some degree of porphyritic texture. Contents Formation Porphyry Copper Rhomb porphyry Historical and cultural uses ... edit Formation Porphyry deposits are formed when a column of rising magma volcano , creating small grains that are usually invisible to the unaided eye.

5. PORPHYRY – ON IMAGES – ATHENAEUM LIBRARY OF PHILOSOPHY A Comprehensive Collection of Educational Philosophy Resources, Scientific Information, Modern Poetry, Heideggerianism, Nominalism, Experientialism,Buddhism, Existentialism, AITism http://evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com/porphyry.htm

One of the Largest and Most Visited Sources of Philosophical Texts on the Internet. Evans Experientialism Evans Experientialism SEARCH THE WHOLE SITE? SEARCH CLICK THE SEARCH BUTTON The Academy Library The Athenaeum Library The Nominalist Library Athenaeum Reading Room On Images Porphyry Malchus Born: 233 in Tyre (now Sur, Lebanon) Died: 309 in Rome Porphyry Translated by Edwin Hamilton Gifford Plato This collection of fragments is drawn from the lost work of the Neoplatonic philosopher Porphyry On Images. Essentially, the work is a theological and philosophical interpretation of the symbolism of the Greek gods and goddesses. Porphyry explains why the gods and goddesses were represented in certain ways, and how their names and symbolism are allegorical references to the powers of nature or cosmic principles. Porphyry's work is a representative sample of the allegorical approach that was followed by many philosophers and writers in antiquity, including the Stoics, Plutarch, Philo of Alexandria, and the Neoplatonists. First a biography by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson: Porphyry's father was called Malkhos or Malchus, which means 'king'. Both Porphyry's parents were Syrian and he would only get the nickname Porphyry later in his life as we shall explain below. Porphyry was named after his father so for many years he was known as Malchus.

6. Porphyry (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) porphyry (234?–305? C.E.) was a Neoplatonist philosopher born in Tyre in Phoenicia. He studied with Longinus in Athens and then with Plotinus in Rome from 263–269 C.E. and http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/porphyry/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Porphyry First published Fri Feb 18, 2005 1. Life 2. Works and Profile 3. Philosophical Views 3.1 Religion ... Related Entries 1. Life The Life of Plotinus . Before he came to study with Plotinus in Rome in 263 C.E. he studied with the Middle Platonist Longinus in Athens. In Rome he stayed for some five years and converted to Plotinus' version of Platonism. On Plotinus' advice he left Rome for Sicily in order to recover from a bout of depression in 268 C.E. He must have stayed there for some time, even beyond Plotinus' death in 270 C.E. There are some untrustworthy reports about a school of Porphyry in Rome after Plotinus' death. In reality we do not know anything with certainty about where he lived in the latter half of his life. He may have been Iamblichus' teacher. The evidence for this, however, is not beyond dispute. It is clear, though, that Iamblichus was strongly influenced by Porphyry, even if he turned vehemently against him. Towards the end of his life (301 C.E.), Porphyry edited Plotinus' writings, the Enneads , dividing them into six books of nine treatises each, which he prefaced with his Life of Plotinus . The latter is the most reliable and the most informative source about his life and attitudes. He married fairly late an older wife, for whom one of his extant writings, the

7. Porphyry's Against The Christians - Review Of R.J. Hoffmann's Translation porphyry, Macarius Magnes, and Hoffmann. A Review of R.Joseph Hoffmann, porphyry's Against the Christians The literary remains, Prometheus Books (1994) http://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/porphyry/hoffmann.htm

Porphyry, Macarius Magnes, and Hoffmann A Review of R.Joseph Hoffmann, Porphyry's Against the Christians The literary remains , Prometheus Books (1994) The 16-book work by the Neoplatonist Porphyry Against the Christians is lost. Constantine ordered that all copies should be destroyed ; a century later Theodosius tacitly acknowledged that this had not occurred by issuing a similar edict in 448 . Although Christians were generally interested in Neoplatonism, and many of Porphyry's major philosophical works still survive , it is hard to see who would have copied a work calculated to offend everyone reading or writing books between 550 and 1450, even without such a edict. Books that insult their readers and copyists have few chances of survival. In 1867, a 15th century manuscript containing an unknown work with the title the Apocriticus of Macarius Magnes was discovered in Epirus and taken to Athens by C. Blondel. The work had been written in 5 books; the Athens MS contained only the portion from the middle of book 2 to the middle of book 4. Blondel made an edition of the text from the MS, which was very corrupt, but died before he was able to publish. The book was published by his friend Foucart in 1876, but without an introduction, and this edition is itself now very rare . This remains the only edition of this work. In 1877 Duchesne examined the manuscript again, and provided a description

8. Medieval Sourcebook: Porphyry: Against The Christians An excerpt from a porphyry tract against Christian irrationalism, as preserved by Eusebius. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/porphyry1.html

Back to Medieval Source Book ORB Main Page Links to Other Medieval Sites Medieval Sourcebook: Porphyry: Against the Christians As Christianity spread, there was an increasingly intellectual reaction to it among the classically oriented intellectuals who sought to defend "reason". Here is Porphyry, a leading "Neoplatonist" attacking Christian unreason as reported by Eusebius. "Some persons, desiring to find a solution to the baseness of the Jewish Scriptures rather than abandon them, have had recourse to explanations inconsistent and incongruous with the words written, which explanations, instead of supplying a defense of the foreigners, contain rather approval and praise of themselves. For they boast that the plain words of Moses are "enigmas", and regard them as oracles full of hidden mysteries; and having bewildered the mental judgment by folly, they make their explanations." These things are said by Porphyry in the third book of his work against the Christians. from Eusebius: Church History , in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd Series, ed. P. Schaff and H. Wace, (repr. Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1955), Vo1 I, pp. 265-266

9. Porphyry (philosopher) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia porphyry of Tyre was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre He edited and published the Enneads, the only collection of the work of his teacher Plotinus. He also wrote http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyry_(philosopher)

Porphyry (philosopher) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search For other uses, see Porphyry (disambiguation) Porphire Sophiste , in a French 16th-c. engraving Porphyry of Tyre , A.D. 234–c. 305) was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre He edited and published the Enneads , the only collection of the work of his teacher Plotinus . He also wrote many works himself on a wide variety of topics. His Isagoge , or Introduction , is an introduction to logic and philosophy, and in Latin translation it was the standard textbook on logic throughout the Middle Ages In addition, through several of his works, most notably Philosophy from Oracles and Against the Christians , he was involved in a controversy with a number of early Christians and his commentary on Euclid 's Elements was used as a source by Pappus of Alexandria Contents Biographical information Introduction (Isagoge) Philosophy from Oracles (De Philosophia ex Oraculis Haurienda) Against the Christians (Adversus Christianos) ... edit Biographical information Porphyry's parents were Phoenician , and he was born Malchus ("king") in Tyre . His teacher in Athens Cassius Longinus , gave him the name Porphyrius ("clad in purple"), a punning allusion to the color of the imperial robes. Under Longinus he studied

10. The Internet Classics Archive | On Images By Porphyry A translation by Edwin Hamilton Gifford of these collected fragments. http://classics.mit.edu/Porphyry/images.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help On Images By Porphyry Commentary: A few comments have been posted about On Images Download: A 22k text-only version is available for download On Images By Porphyry Translated by Edwin Hamilton Gifford Fragment 1 I speak to those who lawfully may hear: Depart all ye profane, and close the doors. The thoughts of a wise theology, wherein men indicated God and God's powers by images akin to sense, and sketched invisible things in visible forms, I will show to those who have learned to read from the statues as from books the things there written concerning the gods. Nor is it any wonder that the utterly unlearned regard the statues as wood and stone, just as also those who do not understand the written letters look upon the monuments as mere stones, and on the tablets as bits of wood, and on books as woven papyrus. Fragment 2 As the deity is of the nature of light, and dwells in an atmosphere of ethereal fire, and is invisible to sense that is busy about mortal life, He through translucent matter, as crystal or Parian marble or even ivory, led men on to the conception of his light, and through material gold to

11. | Italian Porphyry Italian porphyry Pty Ltd is dedicated to expand and benchmark the range of available options in Australia of Natural Stone. By providing to Architects, Designers, the Landscape http://www.italianporphyry.com/history.html

who contact history gallery products hera more info HISTORY porphyra PRODUCTION The name porphyry was initially used to indicate a rock extracted in Egypt, known in ancient times as Imperial Red Porphyry or Ancient Red Porphyry. It was extracted in the Egyptian desert in the mountain Jebel Dhokan (up to 500 A.D.) and it was used to build columns, vases, sarcophagus, busts, etc. The Romans exploited intensely the quarries, using thousands of workers: the large number of works extended all over the Empire. This stone has always had a great symbolic value: the emperors, personifying divinity, lived surrounded by porphyry, they were born in rooms cladded with porphyry (which existed only in the palaces of power) and many Roman emperors were even buried in sarcophagi of porphyry. Another famous porphyry of ancient times is the Green Porphyry, found in Greece, in Laconia area, close to the city of Sparta; it was also called Serpentine Porphyry. It was easily recognisable by the presence of crystals of light green feldspar in an olive green matrix. The production cycle consists of three phases: * Separation of the rock from the quarry face (quarrying) * Primary sorting and transport (grading) * Working of the material Working with mallets, chisels and iron hammers, cubes, blocks and tiles of varying sizes were produced. The products were loaded by hand onto carts, pulled by mules, and then transported to the railway station of Trento. The 30s are characterised by technological progress, especially in the transport of raw and finished material, using iron carts on rails, cables and the first Lorries.

12. Porphyry: Definition From Answers.com n. , pl. , ries . Rock containing relatively large conspicuous crystals, especially feldspar, in a fine-grained igneous matrix. Middle English porphiri, porfurie , from Old http://www.answers.com/topic/porphyry

13. Porphry USA, Inc. About Us Frame porphyry has been a symbol of royalty and prominence throughout history for over fifty centuries, from the Egyptian and Roman Emperor's of the past to the elite of http://www.porphyryusa.com/Frame.htm

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16. Neoplatonism [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] porphyry (tr. A. Zimmern), porphyry’s Letter to His Wife Marcella Concerning the Life of Philosophy and the Ascent to the Gods (Phanes Press 1986). http://www.iep.utm.edu/neoplato/

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C ... Z Neoplatonism Neoplatonism is a modern term used to designate the period of Platonic philosophy beginning with the work of Plotinus Gnosticism and the Hermetic tradition. A major factor in this syncretism, and one which had an immense influence on the development of Platonic thought, was the introduction of the Jewish Scriptures into Greek intellectual circles via the translation known as the Septuagint Timaeus Enneads Table of Contents What is Neoplatonism? Plotinian Neoplatonism Contemplation and Creation Nature and Personality ... References and Further Reading 1. What is Neoplatonism? Plotinus Plato Dialogues Neo Gnosticism and Christian Logos 2. Plotinian Neoplatonism Plotinus , is responsible for the grand synthesis of progressive Christian and Gnostic ideas with the traditional Platonic philosophy. He answered the challenge of accounting for the emergence of a seemingly inferior and flawed cosmos from the perfect mind of the divinity by declaring outright that all objective existence is but the external self-expression of an inherently contemplative deity known as the One ( to hen ), or the Good (

17. Porphyry Summary A concise biography with references, and links to related thinkers. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Porphyry.html

Porphyry Malchus Click the picture above to see a larger version Porphyry Malchus wrote a commentary on Euclid's Elements and a Life of Pythagoras Full MacTutor biography [Version for printing] List of References (9 books/articles) Mathematicians born in the same country Other Web sites Encyclopaedia Britannica Previous (Chronologically) Next Main Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Biographies index JOC/EFR © April 1999 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Porphyry.html

18. Porphyry | Define Porphyry At Dictionary.com –noun, plural ries. 1. a very hard rock, anciently quarried in Egypt, having a dark, purplish-red groundmass containing small crystals of feldspar. 2. Petrology . any http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/porphyry?qsrc=2446

19. Porphyry And Celsus And The Eusebian Fiction Postulate In other papers related to the thesis that Constantine invented christianity in the fourth century, and implemented it in the Roman Empire with effect from his military http://www.mountainman.com.au/essenes/author_Porphyry.htm

An alternative theory of the history of Antiquity Porphyry and Celsus Web Publication by Mountain Man Graphics, Australia Editorial Comments In other papers related to the thesis that Constantine invented christianity in the fourth century, and implemented it in the Roman Empire with effect from his military supremacist council of Nicaea, we have emphasised that the field of this thesis is ancient history. An alternative theory of the history of antiquity is being explored in which the christian "Biblical History" was inserted into the political history of the Roman Empire no earlier than the rise of Constantine. How it is that Celsus and Porphyry did not write against christianity To state the matter briefly, an author called Celsus did not write or publish in the second century, despite the assertion of Eusebius (via Origen ) to the contrary. In short Celsus is simply a fourth century Eusebian forgery. In the case of Porphyry however, the author Porphyry actually existed, and was considered perhaps the greatest of intellectuals in the Roman empire at the beginning of the fourth century. Porphyry wrote voluminously in his life, but unless he lived to see the rise of Constantine from Rome between the years of 312 and 324 CE, then he did not write anything against the christians, because they did not then exist. Instead, desiring to become supreme not only of the military and the civilian activities, Constantine had malevolent and despotic designs in the realm of fourth century literature. He therefore instructed Eusebius to forge in the name of Porphyry additional writings which he would then use in a political sense.

20. The Ecole Glossary Short introduction to his life and works, from the Ecole Glossary. http://www2.evansville.edu/ecoleweb/glossary/porphyry.html

2007 Archive Edition - See the Archive Notice on the Project Homepage for more information. The Ecole Glossary Porphyry Porphyry ( CE) was a major contributor to the spread of Neoplatonism, particularly within the Roman Empire. In , he moved to Rome and became a close friend and follower of Plotinus . He is best known for organizing and editing the lectures and writings of Plotinus, producing the collection of texts we know as The Enneads , and for writing The Life of Plotinus , a work that provides many clues to interpretting Plotinus' thought. In addition, Porphyry also made his own philosophical contributions: 1) he developed the idea that the One exists prior to and independently of Being or Intellect and 2) established the identity of Intellect and Thought with its objects. Porphyry argued that everything that did not seem to be the One was in fact an appearance of the One resulting from our inability to think the One as it truly is. Porphyry wrote many philosophical works, including Against The Christians , a critical work attacking Christianity, Introduction to the Categories , a valued commentary on Aristotle's Categories , and Aids to the Study of the Intelligibles , a basic summary of Neoplatonism.

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