81. ICSD For WWW Help: Introduction 3D crystal structures in VRML of about 2000 compounds may be generated from a variety of standard crystallographic formats. http://icsd.ill.fr/icsd/

82. Boris Skoric: Quantum Hall Effect Boris Skoric introduces the subject of his dissertation on theoretical physics. http://members.home.nl/skoric/quantum/

My research at the Institute for Theoretical Physics: the quantum Hall effect Between 1995 and 1999 I worked on the quantum Hall effect at the Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of Amsterdam. I had a much-visited webpage there, which I have now put online again in a slightly updated version. Content: The classical Hall effect The quantum Hall effect Why do we care? Simple theory for the integer effect ... My own modest contributions For people who can read Dutch, there is a short article by Kareljan Schoutens , published in the march 1997 issue of the faculty quasi-periodical "Afleiding". The classical Hall effect The Hall effect was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879. It is well known that a charged particle moving in a magnetic field feels a `Lorentz' force perpendicular to its direction of motion and the magnetic field. As a direct consequence of this Lorentz force, charged particles will accumulate to one side of a wire if you send current through it and hold it still in a (perpendicular) magnetic field. This is called the Hall effect. The voltage drop at right angles to the current is called the Hall voltage; The current divided by the Hall voltage is called the Hall conductance. The Hall effect can be put to use in several ways. One application is magnetic field strength measurement. Since the Hall voltage is proportional to the current and the field strength, sending a known current through a medium and measuring the Hall voltage tells you the field strength.

83. Kondo Lattice Homepage of Sebastian Smerat describing projects on the kondo lattice model and related projects, including CNT, peapod and quantum wires. http://www.kondo-lattice.com

Kondo lattice Introduction Spin polaron Transport through Peapods Imprint Introduction to the kondo lattice The Kondo lattice model is a quantum mechanical toy model of solid state physics to model interactions between conduction electrons and localized spin degrees of freedom in one (1D), two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions. It has been studied for more than three decades up to now and its applications are found for many physical systems, e.g., GaAs quantum dots (2D), quantum wires (1D), carbo nanotubes (1D), manganites (3D) and many other systems. The interaction between the local spin degrees of freedom is dynamically generated by means of the conduction electrons, which can hop to their nearest neighbor lattice sites and exchange spin with the onsite local spin degree of freedom. Typically, all spins are taken to be one half. The model can be extended, e.g., by Coulomb interaction between the conduction electrons and by dipole interaction between the localized spins.

84. Britney Spears' Guide To Semiconductor Physics - Lasers And Optoelectronics Semiconductor physics with a bias towards semiconductor lasers. http://britneyspears.ac/lasers.htm

Britney Spears' Guide to Semiconductor Physics [ Home ] [ Picture Galleries ] [ Britney Spears guide to Semiconductor physics ] [ Links ] ... [Britney Gossip] It is a little known fact, that Ms Spears is an expert in semiconductor physics. Not content with just singing and acting, in the following pages, she will guide you in the fundamentals of the vital semiconductor laser components that have made it possible to hear her super music in a digital format. Enter your search terms Web britneyspears.ac Submit search form Scientific Calculator Advertise Here Click here to donate food to the starving people of the world. Introduction The Basics of Semiconductors Semiconductor Crystal Structures Semiconductor Junctions ... Splung.com Physics is a website for students of physics with sections on: mechanics, optics, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, nuclear physics and cosmology. The site also uses Flash for demonstrations. I am looking to expand this site by concentrating on the interactive components. If you are passionate about physics and would like to collaborate in this project, by writing content then please contact me Bad-Ads.co.uk

85. SPINTRONICS (Jaro Fabian) Publications and description of spin and charge transport in semiconductors and spin relaxation in metals. http://physik.kfunigraz.ac.at/~jaf/research/spintronics/spintronics.html

SPINTRONICS Spintronics (slide) is a new branch of electronics in which electron spin in addition to charge , is manipulated to yield a desired electronic outcome. All spintronic devices act according to the simple scheme: (1) information is stored (written) into spins as a particular spin orientation (up or down), (2) the spins, being attached to mobile electrons, carry the information along a wire, and (3) the information is read at a terminal. Spin orientation of conduction electrons survives for a relatively long time (nanoseconds, compared to tens of femtoseconds during which electron momentum and energy decay), which makes spintronic devices particularly attractive for memory storage and magnetic sensors applications, and, potentially for quantum computing where electron spin would represent a bit (called qubit) of information. My own research in spintronics focuses on spin relaxation in electronic materials and on spin devices

86. "Spectra" And Spectra (Program And Database) Program and database for multifrequency absorption spectra of semiconductors and dielectrics. http://spectra.at.tut.by/

Programm and Database

87. Principles Of Semiconductor Devices Electronic text on the principles of semicondcutor devices. http://ece-www.colorado.edu/~bart/book/book/title.htm

< Point to "Contents" to access the toolbar. Click on yellow forward arrow to advance >>> Click on the image to start a short introductory animation. (requires the QuickTime plug-in Welcome FAQ User feedback

88. What Are Semiconductors? A workshop module on the scientific principle of semiconductors, resources and references. http://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/sc/ware.html

What are Semiconductors? Semiconductors are materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics). Semiconductors can be pure elements, such as silicon or germanium, or compounds such as gallium arsenide or cadmium selenide. In a process called doping, small amounts of impurities are added to pure semiconductors causing large changes in the conductivity of the material. Due to their role in the fabrication of electronic devices, semiconductors are an important part of our lives. Imagine life without electronic devices. There would be no radios, no TV's, no computers, no video games, and poor medical diagnostic equipment. Although many electronic devices could be made using vacuum tube technology, the developments in semiconductor technology during the past 50 years have made electronic devices smaller, faster, and more reliable. Think for a minute of all the encounters you have with electronic devices. How many of the following have you seen or used in the last twenty-four hours? Each has important components that have been manufactured with electronic materials. microwave oven electronic balance video games radio television VCR watch CD player stereo computer lights air conditioner calculator telephone musical greeting cards diagnostic equipment clock refrigerator car security devices stove Advances in the field of electronics can continue to improve our lives. Learning about electronic materials can help you understand and be able to participate in the fields of communication, computers, medicine, the basic sciences and engineering. All of these fields use electronics extensively.

89. Semiconductors Downloadable module from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois. http://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/sc/sc.html

Semiconductors Acknowledgments Foreword Introduction What are Semiconductors? ... MAST Home Page

90. Is Glass Liquid Or Solid? A short article from Usenet physics FAQ. http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/Glass/glass.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated PEG January 1997. Original by Philip Gibbs October 1996, with thanks to many who contributed their knowledge and references. Is glass liquid or solid? It is sometimes said that glass in very old churches is thicker at the bottom than at the top because glass is a liquid, and so over several centuries it has flowed towards the bottom. This is not true. In Mediaeval times panes of glass were often made by the Crown glass process. A lump of molten glass was rolled, blown, expanded, flattened and finally spun into a disc before being cut into panes. The sheets were thicker towards the edge of the disc and were usually installed with the heavier side at the bottom. Other techniques of forming glass panes have been used but it is only the relatively recent float glass processes which have produced good quality flat sheets of glass. To answer the question "Is glass liquid or solid?" we have to understand its thermodynamic and material properties. Thermodynamics of glass There is still much about the molecular physics and thermodynamics of glass that is not well understood, but we can give a general account of what is thought to be the case. Many solids have a crystalline structure on microscopic scales. The molecules are arranged in a regular lattice. As the solid is heated the molecules vibrate about their position in the lattice until, at the melting point, the crystal breaks down and the molecules start to flow. There is a sharp distinction between the solid and the liquid state, that is separated by a

91. Holland Theoretical Quantum Optics And Quantum Gases Includes information on the group members, a list of publications and related links. http://bdagger.colorado.edu

92. Bose-Einstein Condensates An easy-to-read introduction to this unusual state of matter. http://www.jupiterscientific.org/sciinfo/boseeinstein.html

Bose-Einstein Condensates Named for the theorists Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein who predicted its existence, a Bose-Einstein condensate is an unusual state of matter that arises because of quantum mechanical effects on a collection of entities called bosons. Everything is either a boson or a fermion. The spin of an object determines whether it is a boson or a fermion. For more details, click here The reason why is important to differentiate between bosons and fermions is that they have vastly different quantum mechanical behavior. Identical fermions cannot occupy the same place. This is called the Pauli exclusion principle. For example, you cannot put two electrons spinning in the same direction on top of one other. It is forbidden and never happens in nature. Bosons behave in almost the opposite way. They like to overlap. In quantum mechanics, the position of an object is uncertain. An object has a definite probability of being at any given point in space. This probability is encoded in what-is-called a wave function. It is like a "cloud" that tells you the probability that an object has a certain location. The object is more likely to be found in denser parts of the "cloud" and is less likely to be found in the less dense parts. If a region of space has no "cloud," then there is zero chance that the object is there. If one concentrates a large number of identical bosons in a small region, then it is possible for their wave functions to overlap so much that the bosons loose their identity. If a dozen clouds are well separated in the sky, then it is easy to determine where each one is. But if you look up and the 12 clouds have already joined to form one large cloud, it is no longer possible to tell which part comes from the original 12 clouds. A collection of bosons can do the same thing. When this happens, a Bose-Einstein condensate forms. This exotic state of matter is only possible at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the individual bosons not only have small wave functions but they move rapidly and fly apart. In summary, in a Bose-Einstein condensate, the individual bosons become indistinguishable.

93. þÅÒÅÄÁ The detailed investigation of different materials at ultrahigh pressures and high temperatures by using the diamond anvil cell (DAC). http://www.kv.chereda.net/~untc/

info@chereda.net info@chereda.net

94. Quantum Phase Transitions By Subir Sachdev Introduction to the subject and outline of the book by Subir Sachdev. http://sachdev.physics.harvard.edu/qptweb/toc.html

Quantum Phase Transitions by Subir Sachdev Cambridge University Press ISBN - 521 58254 7 (Hardcover) 521 00454 3 (Paperback) LC Call No.: QC175.16.P5S23 2000 Publication year: 1999 These web pages contain the complete preface and Chapter 1 from this book, along with abstracts of the other chapters. Errors and typos are noted in the respective chapters as they are discovered - I will be grateful if readers uncovering errors email comments to me . Student exercises are included in these web pages in Chapters , and ; these will be continually updated. You can order the book online from Cambridge University Press (the U.K. or the U.S. ), or from the booksellers Amazon.com (the U.K. , and the U.S. Barnes and Noble , and Yahoo . Availibility and shipping times vary, so check all sites. Book Reviews in Physics Today Contemporary Physics Physikalische Blatter Journal of Statistical Physics Search PSIgate, the physical sciences information gateway Contents Preface PART I: Introduction 1 Basic concepts 1.1 What is a quantum phase transition ?

95. Superconductors Informative and well illustrated pages for a global view of superconductor field. http://www.superconductors.org/

VISITOR ALERT: We have detected that your browser is not Java-enabled. Please enable Java and Java Script by clicking on your Browser's "PREFERENCES" area. If you don't not wish to enable Java, you will not be able to view all of the information available on this website. Java is used extensively. What is a Superconductor ? The History of Superconductors Uses for Superconductors Type 1 Superconductors ... Visitor Stats and Kudos "A great place to start learning about superconductors. Start here!" - Arizona State University One of "the top Internet education sites..." - Innovative Teaching "The best information online about superconductivity." - Energy Science News "Superlative...invaluable...endlessly informative." - Netsurfer Science "The greatest Superconductor site on earth." - Michigan State University Over 1,725,636 Super people have found this Index page since July 2, 1999. SUPERCONDUCTORS.ORG is a non-profit, non-affiliated website intended to introduce beginners and non-technical people to the world of superconductors.

96. The Nanotube Site A reference page for carbon nanotubes. Information and links to most web sites in the field. http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.html

General Information Link Sites Sources of Nanotubes and Products Nanotube Geometries ... Nanotube Bibliography This page has been visited 19587 times since . Last update: 2010.01.11 (Monday) 12:15:49 EST. Site Awards: ... back to David Tomanek @ Home Mirror Sites: http://nanotube.msu.edu/ http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.html Maybe the most significant spin-off product of fullerene research, leading to the discovery of the C "buckyball" by the 1996 Nobel Prize laureates Robert F. Curl, Harold W. Kroto, and Richard E. Smalley , are nanotubes based on carbon or other elements. These systems consist of graphitic layers seamlessly wrapped to cylinders. With only a few nano-meters in diameter, yet (presently) up to a milli-meter long, the length-to-width aspect ratio is extremely high. A truly molecular nature is unprecedented for macroscopic devices of this size. Accordingly, the number of both specialized and large-scale applications is growing constantly. The primary purpose of The Nanotube Site is to facilitate the exchange of ideas among researchers by concentrating links to sites dedicated to nanotubes. One of the benefits is to provide an easier (or better structured) electronic access to bibliographical information and preprints. Information about providers of nanotubes is intended to increase the production volume and find new applications for nanotubes. The Nanotube Site is maintained regularly by David Tomanek work and travel schedule permitting. Help would be appreciated.

97. Nanoelectronics At The University Of Basel quantum phenomena in electrical transport through nanoscaled devices (nanodevices) such as carbon nanotubes, quantum wires and quantum dots. http://www.unibas.ch/phys-meso/

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98. Thomas Laude Nanotube Pages Nanotubes pages by Thomas Laude. Tutorial, bibliography, synthesis, references and links on this topic. http://uminokai.net/nanotube/

@import "http://uminokai.net/nanotube/inc/style1.css"; nanotubes Several scientific projects led by Thomas Laude ¤ Gas production Silane production (Present study) H2Se production (unpublished) ¤ Solar cells Effects of impurities in silicon photovoltaics (unpublished) SiSn alloys for photovoltaics (unpublished) ¤ Electrolysis of LiOH for hydrogen supply (article) International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Volume 35, Issue 2, January 2010, Pages 585-588 ¤ Moustache carbon fibers (article) Full pdf ¤ Boron nitride and carbon nanotubes Generality on nanostructures (introduction) Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 BN nanotube synthesis by local laser heating (article) Abstract Electron Diffraction pattern of BN nanotubes (article) Abstract Full pdf Temperatures gradients and nanotubes growth (article) Abstract Full pdf The original PhD including the above and more Abstract Full pdf ¤ Article database on nanostructures An interactive database for nanotubes and nanostructures Web uminokai.net To contact me: thomaslaudeABC@uminokai.net (Please remove the ABC, it is only a protection against spam.) Birth of the site Aug.1999

99. Carbon Nanotubes - Research And Applications Latest news in the research and application of carbon nanotubes. http://www.carbon-nanotubes.blogspot.com/

Carbon Nanotubes - Research and Applications Latest news in the research and application of carbon nanotubes (selected) Enter email to get notification about new posts: Thursday, October 07, 2010 ElecMol’10 5th International Meeting on Molecular Electronics to be held in Grenoble, France, from 6 to 10 December 2010. It will address eight topics (and respective keywords): devices, junctions, switches, nanocrystals, memories - T2: Organic Electronics and Spintronics OLED, OFET, single spin, molecular magnet PV, laser, plasmonics Functionnalization, preparation, characterization, integration SAMs, LB, LBL, molecular motors and machines, liquid crystals, block copolymers, supramolecular chemistry, switches, logic gates STM, SNOM, AFM and derivatives, organization on surfaces - T7: Molecular Theoretical Modeling Quantum transport, MD, DFT DNA, membranes, nano-pores, micelles, catalysis, biomimetic, enzymes, photosynthetic systems, nanobiosensors For more information, please visit the ElecMol 2010 website posted by Osváth Zoltán @ 5:59 PM 0 Comments Thursday, August 19, 2010

100. MFA Nanostructures Department Provides information on research, staff and publications. At the Research Institute for Technical Physics Materials Science, Budapest, Hungary. http://www.mfa.kfki.hu/int/nano/

Nanostructures Laboratory MTA MFA Budapest Click here to receive EMail notification about new uploads to these pages New Results Staff Publications ... Nanopatterning of graphene with crystallographic orientation control Computed STM image of a graphene nanoribbon with imperfect edges. Note the localized electronic states on the edges. This shows the paramount importance of edge structure on the electronic properties of graphene nanodevices. Our recent review paper written by L. P. Biró and Ph. Lambin gives an up-to-date survey of methods capable of cutting graphene with precise edge control. Crystallographically selective nanopatterning of graphene on SiO Hexagonal holes of 380 nm diameter etched into graphene layer on an insulating surface. Our new carbothermal etching process makes it possible to produce graphene nanoribbons and Y-junctions with zigzag or armchair edges. Colorful beetle as a model In nanoarchitecture research Trigonophorus rothschilid varians ). We succeeded in producing artificial bioinspired nanoarchitectures, with behaviors very similar to that of the living model, by nanomachining. Our results were published in the journal Interface of the Royal Society , and also displayed on the websites of BBC News and Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

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