1. Superconductivity Basics superconductivity Basics. superconductivity. Conductor Phenomena. Magnet Phenomena. Characteristics of Superconducting Magnets http://www.americanmagnetics.com/tutorial/basics.html

Superconductivity Basics Superconductivity Conductor Phenomena Magnet Phenomena Characteristics of Superconducting Magnets ... E-Mail AMI

2. Superconductivity - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia superconductivity is an electrical resistance of exactly zero which occurs in certain materials below a characteristic temperature. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity

Superconductivity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor , cooled with liquid nitrogen . Persistent electric current flows on the surface of the superconductor, acting to exclude the magnetic field of the magnet (the Faraday's law of induction ). This current effectively forms an electromagnet that repels the magnet. A high-temperature superconductor levitating above a magnet Superconductivity is an electrical resistance of exactly zero which occurs in certain materials below a characteristic temperature . It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines , superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is also characterized by a phenomenon called the Meissner effect , the ejection of any sufficiently weak magnetic field from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of " perfect conductivity " in classical physics The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as the temperature is lowered. However, in ordinary

3. Superconductivity Authors/titles Oct 2010 Subjects superconductivity (condmat.supr-con); Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall); Quantum Physics (quant-ph) http://arxiv.org/list/cond-mat.supr-con/current

arXiv.org cond-mat cond-mat.supr-con Search or Article-id Help Advanced search All papers Titles Authors Abstracts Full text Help pages Superconductivity Authors and titles for cond-mat.supr-con in Oct 2010 [ total of 97 entries: [ showing 25 entries per page: fewer more all arXiv:1010.0042 ... other Title: Thermally induced 0-pi phase transition in Josephson junctions through a ferromagnetic oxide film Authors: Shiro Kawabata Yasuhiro Asano Alexander A. Golubov Yukio Tanaka ... Satoshi Kashiwaya Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures Subjects: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) ; Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall); Quantum Physics (quant-ph) arXiv:1010.0082 pdf Title: Authors: T.B.Charikova N.G.Shelushinina G.I.Harus V.N.Neverov ... A.A.Ivanov Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables Subjects: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) arXiv:1010.0129 pdf ps other Title: Orbital Order, Structural Transition and Superconductivity in Iron Pnictides Authors: Yuki Yanagi Youichi Yamakawa Naoko Adachi Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn Subjects: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)

4. Superconductivity: Definition From Answers.com n. The flow of electric current without resistance in certain metals, alloys, and ceramics at temperatures near absolute zero, and in some cases at temperatures hundreds of http://www.answers.com/topic/superconductivity

5. Superconductors superconductivity. Energy Science News Superlative invaluable endlessly informative. - Netsurfer Science http://www.superconductors.org/

VISITOR ALERT: We have detected that your browser is not Java-enabled. Please enable Java and Java Script by clicking on your Browser's "PREFERENCES" area. If you don't not wish to enable Java, you will not be able to view all of the information available on this website. Java is used extensively. What is a Superconductor ? The History of Superconductors Uses for Superconductors Type 1 Superconductors ... Visitor Stats and Kudos "A great place to start learning about superconductors. Start here!" - Arizona State University One of "the top Internet education sites..." - Innovative Teaching "The best information online about superconductivity." - Energy Science News "Superlative...invaluable...endlessly informative." - Netsurfer Science "The greatest Superconductor site on earth." - Michigan State University Over 1,725,636 Super people have found this Index page since July 2, 1999. SUPERCONDUCTORS.ORG is a non-profit, non-affiliated website intended to introduce beginners and non-technical people to the world of superconductors.

6. HowStuffWorks "Superconductivity" Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks article http://science.howstuffworks.com/superconductivity-info.htm

HSW.sm.loadPageInfo(529979); OAS_AD('TopBanner'); HowStuffWorks Search HowStuffWorks and the web Video Podcasts Blogs Quizzes Games RSS Adventure Animals Auto Culture ... Electricity Superconductivity Print Cite Feedback E-mail This ... Recommend Cite This! Close Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks article: Superconductivity, the property that certain materials have of losing all resistance to an electric current. Such a material loses its electrical resistance when cooled below a temperature called the material's critical (or transition) temperature. Many pure metals and alloys are superconducting, but only at temperatures near absolute zero (0 K, or -273.15° C. [-459.67° F.]). Some niobium alloys have critical temperatures near 20 K (-253° C.). Several synthetic copper-oxide materials have higher critical temperatures; one such material, containing thallium, has a critical temperature near 125 K (-158° C.). The most important use of superconducting materials, or superconductors, is for making powerful electromagnets. A common practical application of such magnets is in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices, used for medical diagnosis. The operation of various types of research equipment also depends on superconducting magnets. The Tevatron, a powerful particle accelerator at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois, uses hundreds of such magnets for its operation. Superconducting magnets are usually made of niobium alloys that can carry a very strong electric current without losing their superconductivity. Although the electromagnets must be cooled with liquid helium, requiring complex cooling apparatus, they consume much less electrical power than comparable conventional electromagnets.

7. Power Applications Of Superconductivity In Japan And Germany Web - book. Table of contents links to parts of chapters, writer information. http://www.wtec.org/loyola/scpa/toc.htm

WTEC Panel Report on Power Applications of Superconductivity in Japan and Germany David Larbalestier , Panel Chair Richard D. Blaugher Robert E. Schwall Robert S. Sokolowski Masaki Suenaga ... Jeffrey O. Willis September 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS Download: Complete report in PDF format Staff Foreword List of Figures List of Tables Executive Summary 1. Introduction David Larbalestier The Vision of a New 21 st Century Technology: Power Applications of Superconductivity The WTEC Panel ... References 2. Power Systems, Generation, and Storage Richard D. Blaugher Introduction Early High-Field Magnets and Energy Storage Superconducting Electric Power Applications AC Rotating Machine Efforts in Japan ... References Robert S. Sokolowski Introduction Superconducting Power Transmission Cables Overview HTS Power Transmission Cables - Overview HTS Power Transmission Cable Development in Japan ... References 4. Power Systems Other Applications Robert Schwall What are "Other Applications" Flywheels Fault-Current Limiters HTS Leads ... References 5. HTS Conductor Technology Jeffrey O. Willis

8. Superconductivity Definition Of Superconductivity In The Free Online Encyclopedi superconductivity, abnormally high electrical conductivity of certain substances. The phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes, who found that the resistance of mercury http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/superconductivity

9. Superconductivity We design, manufacture and market next generation RF Solutions — with extraordinary performance and extreme reliability — for the wireless telecommunications market worldwide. http://www.mesaplexx.com/mpx/technology/superconductivity.html

10. Superconductivity superconductivity. superconductivity is infinitely more than a physics phenomena of the first order. It may be one of the fundamental linking mechanisms in an unlimited and http://www.halexandria.org/dward156.htm

Superconductivity Superconductivity is infinitely more than a physics phenomena of the first order. It may be one of the fundamental linking mechanisms in an unlimited and connected universe. The physics is referenced, for example, in the Scientific References , but for those looking for a quick and dirty explanation, the following will provide an inkling of the immensity of the subject. Just keep in mind that any U. S. patent application which includes anywhere in its text the word �superconductivity� is automatically sent to the Department of Defense for review. That should be convincing evidence that this subject is worth investigating. Most, but not all, conductors of electrical current, when cooled sufficiently in the direction of absolute zero (0 o K, -273.15 o C), become superconductors. The superconducting state itself is one in which there is zero electrical resistance and perfect diamagnetism. [1] This means that current flowing through a superconducting circuit does not experience i R heating (current squared times the resistance), and the current can flow indefinitely. Also, diamagnetism is the property of a substance to become magnetized in a direction at right angles to an applied magnetic field (Michael Faraday discovered the effect in 1846 that when such substances were brought near the pole of a strong magnet, they were

11. Superconductivity WebQuest Introduction In 1911, Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovered that at 4 0 K, the electrical resistance of mercury wire became zero and so discovered superconductivity. http://sydney.edu.au/science/uniserve_science/school/quests/superwq.html

Superconductivity WebQuest An Internet WebQuest on Superconductivity UniServe Science Introduction Task The Process and Resources ... HyperText Dictionary Introduction In 1911, Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovered that at 4 K, the electrical resistance of mercury wire became zero and so discovered superconductivity. He immediately predicted many uses for superconductors. Task Your task (as a group) is to investigate superconductivity, the history of its discovery and the theory used to explain the phenomenon of superconductivity. In small groups, or individually, you will investigate one of the following applications of superconductivity: transportation; power generation, storage and distribution; medicine; computer development; and other areas of science including geoscience and space science. You will then need to look at the issue of whether superconductivity is a new state of matter. The Process and Resources In this WebQuest you will be working together with a group of students in class. Each group will answer the Task or Quest(ion). As a member of the group you will explore Webpages from people all over the world who are involved with Superconductivity. Because these are real Webpages we're tapping into, not things made just for schools, the reading level might challenge you. Feel free to use the online Webster dictionary or one in your classroom. You'll begin with everyone in your group getting some background before dividing into roles where people on your team become experts on one part of the topic.

12. Superconductivity (Science Tracer Bullet - Science Reference Services, Library O superconductivity Science Tracer Bullets Research Finding Aids from the Library of Congress, Science Reference Services. http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/superconducttb.html

The Library of Congress Researchers Home Tracer Bullets Find in Science Tracer Bullets Science Reference Pages Researchers Web Pages All Library of Congress Pages Superconductivity Tracer Bullet 92-6 Scope Introductions to the Topic Subject Headings Basic Texts ... Additional Sources of Information SCOPE TOP OF PAGE INTRODUCTIONS TO THE TOPIC Asimov, Isaac. How did we find out about superconductivity? New York, Walker, 1988. 64 p. Bardeen, John. Understanding superconductivity . Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1964. 14 p. Barker, Brendan. Superconductivity: a realistic appraisal of technology, markets, and commercial potential . Oxford, U.K., Elsevier Advanced Technology, c1989. 119 p. Billings, Charlene W. Superconductivity: from discovery to breakthrough . New York, Cobblehill Books/Dutton, c1991. 63 p. Mayo, Jonathan L. Superconductivity: the threshold of a new technology . Blue Ridge Summit, Pa., TAB Books, c1988. 144 p.

13. Superconductivity superconductivity. A pellet of 12-3 yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x) is cooled with liquid nitrogen. A magnet placed above the pellet is levitated. http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/CCA2/MAIN/SUPCOND/CD2R1.HTM

Superconductivity A pellet of 1-2-3 yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa Cu O 7-x ) is cooled with liquid nitrogen. A magnet placed above the pellet is levitated. At a higher temperature the magnet rests on the pellet, but cooling once again causes the magnet to rise. The levitated magnet is spun with plastic tweezers Keywords electrical conductivity, practical applications, phase changes, physical properties, solid state, solids and liquids, real life/environment, f block Multimedia _Play movie (30 seconds, 1.8 MB) A 1-2-3 yttrium barium copper oxide superconducting pellet is cooled in liquid nitrogen and placed on an inverted foam cup. When a magnet is placed above the pellet, it is levitated by the superconductor. _Play movie (28 seconds, 1.7 MB) A magnet placed on the pellet that is above the superconductivity transition temperature does not float. Cooling the pellet through the phase change again levitates the magnet. _Play movie (25 seconds, 1.5 MB) The magnet can be spun, showing the dynamic response of the magnetic field expulsion. Here plastic tweezers are used to spin the magnet. Discussion When cooled below a "critical" temperature, some substances lose all resistance to the flow of electrical current, becoming superconductors. A current induced in a superconducting material can flow forever, providing that the temperature remains below the critical temperature. Another property of a superconductor is its interaction with a magnetic field. A magnet induces a current in the superconductor, creating a magnetic field that repels the field of the magnet. This repulsive interaction is responsible for the levitation observed in the demonstration.

14. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory - Applied Superconductivity Center Applied superconductivity Center at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Research papers, superconductor images, links to other labs. http://www.engr.wisc.edu/centers/asc/

15. HowStuffWorks "What Is Superconductivity?" superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. Learn how it works. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/question610.htm

HSW.sm.loadPageInfo(10512); HowStuffWorks Search HowStuffWorks and the web Video Podcasts Blogs Quizzes Games RSS Adventure Animals Auto Culture ... Energy Production What is superconductivity? Print Cite Feedback E-mail This ... Recommend Cite This! Close Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks article: Nuclear Power Videos Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are cooled to temperatures ranging from near absolute zero (-459 degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Kelvin, -273 degrees Celsius) to liquid nitrogen temperatures (-321 F, 77 K, -196 C), they have no electrical resistance. The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the critical temperature T c ) and varies with the individual material. For practical purposes, critical temperatures are achieved by cooling materials with either liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. The following table shows the critical temperatures of various superconductors: Material Type T c (K) Zinc metal Aluminum metal Tin metal Mercury metal YBa Cu O ceramic TlBaCaCuO ceramic Because these materials have no electrical resistance, meaning electrons can travel through them freely, they can carry large amounts of electrical current for long periods of time without losing energy as heat. Superconducting loops of wire have been shown to carry electrical currents for several years with no measurable loss. This property has implications for

16. Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.｜Superconductivity Web Site Superconductivit A global company that contributes to the development of social infrastructure through its innovative R D activities and extensive business operations in five fields automotive http://global-sei.com/super/about_e/index.html

Superconductivity Home Superconductivity Features of Superconductor Applications of Superconductor ... Development High-temperature superconducting cable Today, superconductivity technology is receiving much attention. This technology that realizes zero electrical resistance is now reaching full flower. This article will invite you to the world of superconductivity. Sumitomo Electric Industry (SEI) started research and development of the superconductivity technology in 1960's. This technology, which came to worldwide attention after the discovery of high-temperature superconductive material in 1986, is having great technical potential in the fields of energy and electronics. Based on this belief, SEI has been promoting the research on practical application of superconductivity. The superconductivity technology is applicable to the essentials of our life, such as compact power cables for large-capacity power transmission, super-express linear motorcars, jumbo magnetic-field application equipment for manufacture of best-quality LSI materials, and high-frequency filters that improve cellular phones "sound quality. History of Superconductivity Technology (Titles omitted from names) Discovery of the superconductivity phenomenon by Kamerlingh Onnes (Leiden University, Netherlands).

17. ���c������ Uchida s Group, working on high-temperature superconducting. http://lyra.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/

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18. High-temperature Superconductivity - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Hightemperature superconductors (abbreviated high-T c or HTS) are materials that have a superconducting transition temperature (T c) above 30 K (−243.2 C). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-temperature_superconductor

High-temperature superconductivity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from High-temperature superconductor Jump to: navigation search Unsolved problems in physics What causes superconductivity at temperatures above 50 kelvin High-temperature superconductors (abbreviated high- T c or HTS ) are materials that have a superconducting transition temperature ( T c theoretically possible T c . The first high- T c superconductor was discovered in 1986 by IBM Researchers Karl Müller and Johannes Bednorz , for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987. Until Fe-based superconductors were discovered in 2008, the term high-temperature superconductor was used interchangeably with cuprate superconductor for compounds such as bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide ( BSCCO ) and yttrium barium copper oxide ( YBCO "High-temperature" has three common definitions in the context of superconductivity: BCS theory Having a transition temperature that is a larger fraction of the Fermi temperature than for conventional superconductors such as elemental mercury or lead . This definition encompasses a wider variety of unconventional superconductors and is used in the context of theoretical models.

19. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. Major advances in lowtemperature refrigeration were made during the late 19th century. superconductivity was first discovered in 1911 by the Dutch http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Major advances in low-temperature refrigeration were made during the late 19th century. Superconductivity was first discovered in 1911 by the Dutch physicist,Heike Kammerlingh Onnes. Onnes dedicated his scientific career to exploring extremely cold refrigeration. On July 10, 1908, he successfully liquified helium by cooling it to 452 degrees below zero Fahrenheit (4 Kelvin or 4 K). Onnes produced only a few milliliters of liquid helium that day, but this was to be the new beginnings of his explorations in temperature regions previously unreachable. Liquid helium enabled him to cool other materials closer to absolute zero (0 Kelvin), the coldest temperature imaginable. Absolute zero is the temperature at which the energy of material becomes as small as possible. In 1911, Onnes began to investigate the electrical properties of metals in extremely cold temperatures. It had been known for many years that the resistance of metals fell when cooled below room temperature, but it was not known what limiting value the resistance would approach, if the temperature were reduced to very close to K. Some scientists, such as William Kelvin, believed that electrons flowing through a conductor would come to a complete halt as the temperature approached absolute zero. Other scientists, including Onnes, felt that a cold wire's resistance would dissipate. This suggested that there would be a steady decrease in electrical resistance, allowing for better conduction of electricity. At some very low temperature point, scientists felt that there would be a leveling off as the resistance reached some ill-defined minimum value allowing the current to flow with little or no resistance.Onnes passed a current through a very pure mercury wire and measured its resistance as he steadily lowered the temperature. Much to his surprise there was no leveling off of resistance, let alone the stopping of electrons as suggested by Kelvin. At 4.2 K the resistance suddenly vanished. Current was flowing through the mercury wire and nothing was stopping it, the resistance was zero.

20. Superconductivity Authors/titles Recent Submissions Title Charge transport through ultrasmall single and double Josephson junctions coupled to resonant modes of the electromagnetic environment http://arxiv.org/list/cond-mat.supr-con/recent

arXiv.org cond-mat cond-mat.supr-con Search or Article-id Help Advanced search All papers Titles Authors Abstracts Full text Help pages Superconductivity Authors and titles for recent submissions Fri, 29 Oct 2010 Thu, 28 Oct 2010 Wed, 27 Oct 2010 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 ... Mon, 25 Oct 2010 [ total of 39 entries: [ showing 25 entries per page: fewer more all Fri, 29 Oct 2010 arXiv:1010.6063 pdf ps other Title: Study of loss in superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators Authors: Jeremy M. Sage Vladimir Bolkhovsky William D. Oliver Benjamin Turek ... Paul B. Welander Subjects: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) arXiv:1010.6046 pdf ps other Title: Magnetism and Disorder Effects on muSR Measurements of the Magnetic Penetration Depth in Iron-Based Superconductors Authors: J.E. Sonier W. Huang C.V. Kaiser C. Cochrane ... D. Mandrus Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures Subjects: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) arXiv:1010.6037 pdf ps other Title: Quantitative evaluation of defect-models in superconducting phase qubits Authors: J. H. Cole P. Bushev G. J. Grabovskij J. Lisenfeld ... A. Shnirman Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures. Supplementary material, lclimits_supp.pdf

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