41. The Bio-Rational Institute - Individual Freedom Through Science - Home Articles, references and information about evolutionary influences on human experience. http://www.biorationalinstitute.com/

October 31, 2010 Skin tones trump masculinity in male attractiveness October 29, 2010 Dating advice, guys: Looking "masculine" may not get you anywhere with the ladies. Skin tone is what really makes a difference. Breast feeding provides critical ingredients October 28, 2010 Ask someone in the know to list the substances in breast milk that make it the ideal food for newborns and you may hear about proteins, fats and carbohydrates. But, you may not hear too much about the nitrite and nitrate. Rising to the occasion October 27, 2010 Electoral victory brings a surprising consequence: the winners look at smut. Un-natural selection October 25, 2010 Human beings are defying nature. Or at least we're trying to. Past climate change influenced human evolution October 22, 2010 As the climate changes and the world warms, will humans evolve to handle the effects? Maybe, if the Yoruba people of west Africa's response to living in arid conditions is anything to go by. Why women live longer October 21, 2010 The real ‘mommy brain’ October 20, 2010 Motherhood may actually cause the brain to grow, not turn it into mush, as some have claimed.

42. The Evolutionary Origin Of Laughter - Technology Review Evolution@home is the first global computing system for evolutionary biology. It allows everybody with an Internet PC to contribute to evolutionaryresearch by running simulations http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/25952/

Published by MIT Username Password Register Forgot Password? Account Events ... in India Search Blogs Home Computing Web Communications ... Newsletters The Evolutionary Origin Of Laughter kfc 10/29/2010 13 Comments A new theory of the brain attempts to explain one of the great puzzles of evolutionary biology: why we laugh One of the more complex aspects of human behaviour is our universal ability to laugh. Laughter has puzzled behavioural biologists for many years because it is hard to imagine how this strange behaviour has evolved. Why would laughing individuals be fitter in reproductive terms? And why is this ability is built-in, like sneezing, rather than something we learn, like hunting? Today, we get an interesting insight into these questions along with some tentative answers from Pedro Marijuán and Jorge Navarro at the Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud in Spain. The evolution of laughter, they say, is intimately linked with the evolution of the human brain, itself a puzzle of the highest order. There is widespread belief that the brain evolved rapidly at the same time as human group sizes increased. Bigger groups naturally lead to greater social complexity. And it's easy to imagine that things like language and complex social behaviours are the result of brain evolution. But the latest thinking is more subtle.

43. So You Think You're Logical? An online implementation of one of the most famous experiments in social/evolutionary psychology. http://www.philosophersnet.com/games/logic_task.htm

Home Magazine Shop Games ... Search So you think you're logical? This is an online version of one of the most oft repeated experiments in the world of experimental psychology. It'll only take a few minutes to complete. Just click on the link below. Click here to play the game Designed and programmed by Jeremy Stangroom Join our Mailing List Enter your email address into the box on your right and click on the button labelled 'Subscribe'.* *Note: we do not give out email addresses to third parties. Email Address TPM Online is The Philosophers' Magazine on the net It is edited by Dr Jeremy Stangroom Contact Us

44. Evolutionary Development Grand unification theory covering psychology, religion, politics, economics, and personal relationships. http://www.seancopland.com/evolution/

home games software contact ... subversives Introduction The full unedited text of my Grand Unification theory outlining the simple and basic theories which ultimately unify all interactions, and henceforth relationships, between higher life forms, be they personal, political, economic, or otherwise. Essential bare-bones reading:- Chapters < back next >>> Sean Copland evolution ... linkswap

45. Home Page Welcome! Our website is currently being upgraded. To contact us in the meantime Content copyright . evolutionary medicine. All rights reserved. http://evolutionarymedicine.net/

Home Page Company Partners Projects ... Contact Us Evolutionary Medicine Home Page Welcome! Our  website is currently being upgraded. To contact us in the meantime  Call 978 663-4400 or e-mail info@evolutionarymedicine.net Domain Name Registration

46. Individualism And Evolutionary Psychology (or: In Defense Of 'Narrow' Functions) Online paper by David Buller. http://cogprints.org/328/

@import url(http://cogprints.org/style/auto.css); @import url(http://cogprints.org/style/print.css); @import url(http://cogprints.org/style/nojs.css); Cogprints Home About Browse by Year ... Create Account Individualism and Evolutionary Psychology (or: In Defense of 'Narrow' Functions) Buller, David J. Individualism and Evolutionary Psychology (or: In Defense of 'Narrow' Functions). [Journal (Paginated)] Full text available as: HTML Abstract Millikan and Wilson argue, for different reasons, that the essential reference to the environment in adaptationist explanations of behavior makes (psychological) individualism inconsistent with evolutionary psychology. I show that their arguments are based on misinterpretations of the role of reference to the environment in such explanations. By exploring these misinterpretations, I develop an account of explanation in evolutionary psychology that is fully consistent with individualism. This does not, however, constitute a full-fledged defense of individualism, since evolutionary psychology is only one explanatory paradigm among many in psychology. Item Type: Journal (Paginated) Keywords: individualism, behavioral ecology, function, etiological theory, proximate mechanisms, selection

47. Evolutionary Epistemology (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) evolutionary Epistemology is a naturalistic approach to epistemology, which emphasizes the importance of natural selection in two primary roles. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology-evolutionary/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Evolutionary Epistemology First published Thu Jan 11, 2001; substantive revision Fri Jan 4, 2008 Evolutionary Epistemology is a naturalistic approach to epistemology, which emphasizes the importance of natural selection in two primary roles. In the first role, selection is the generator and maintainer of the reliability of our senses and cognitive mechanisms, as well as the "fit" between those mechanisms and the world. In the second role, trial and error learning and the evolution of scientific theories are construed as selection processes. 1. History, Problems, and Issues 1.1 The Evolution of Epistemological Mechanisms (EEM ) versus The Evolutionary Epistemology of Theories (EET) 1.2 Ontogeny versus Phylogeny 1.3 Descriptive versus Prescriptive Approaches ... Related Entries 1. History, Problems, and Issues Traditional epistemology has its roots in Plato and the ancient skeptics. One strand emerges from Plato's interest in the problem of distinguishing between knowledge and true belief. His solution was to suggest that knowledge differs from true belief in being justified. Ancient skeptics complained that all attempts to provide any such justification were hopelessly flawed. Another strand emerges from the attempt to provide a reconstruction of human knowledge showing how the pieces of human knowledge fit together in a structure of mutual support. This project got its modern stamp from Descartes and comes in empiricist as well as rationalist versions which in turn can be given either a foundational or coherentist twist. The two strands are woven together by a common theme. The bonds that hold the reconstruction of human knowledge together are the justificational and evidential relations which enable us to distinguish knowledge from true belief.

48. Behavior And The General Evolutionary Process - Cogprints Paper by William Baum. http://cogprints.org/1051/

@import url(http://cogprints.org/style/auto.css); @import url(http://cogprints.org/style/print.css); @import url(http://cogprints.org/style/nojs.css); Cogprints Home About Browse by Year ... Create Account Behavior and the General Evolutionary Process Baum, William M. Behavior and the General Evolutionary Process. [Preprint] Full text available as: HTML Abstract Item Type: Preprint Keywords: evolution, general evolutionary process, cultural evolution, operant behavior, substitutable variant, proximate explanation, ultimate explanation, nested processes Subjects: ID Code: Deposited By: Baum, William M. Deposited On: 24 Oct 2000 Last Modified: 01 Jun 2010 14:04 References in Article Select the SEEK icon to attempt to find the referenced article. If it does not appear to be in cogprints you will be forwarded to the paracite service. Poorly formated references will probably not work. Ainslie, G. W. (1974). Impulse control in pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21, 485-489. Alcock, J. (1993). Animal behavior (5th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. Alessi, G. (1992). Models of proximate and ultimate causation in psychology. American Psychologist, 47, 1359-1370.

49. Evolution The most comprehensive evolutionary science resource on the Internet. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/

document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js' %3E%3C/script%3E")); Videos Web Activities Site Guide About the Project ... Shop Evolution is a co-production of the WGBH/NOVA Science Unit and Clear Blue Sky Productions. WGBH Educational Foundation and Clear Blue Sky Productions, Inc.

50. Professor Kevin MacDonald, CSULB, Department Of Psychology evolutionary perspectives on Judaism and European marriage practices. (California State University, Long Beach). http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/

Kevin MacDonald, CSULB, Department of Psychology Course Materials Evolutionary Psychology Curriculum Vitae Contact information: Professor Kevin MacDonald Department of Psychology CSU-Long Beach Long Beach, CA 90840-0901 Phone: (562) 985-8183 Fax: (562) 985-8004 http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/ Email: Kevin MacDonald

51. Evolutionary Psychology - Encyclopedia Article - Citizendium This is a draft article, under development and not meant to be cited; you can help to improve it. These unapproved articles are subject to a disclaimer. http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology

Evolutionary psychology From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium Jump to: navigation search addthis_pub = 'citizendium'; addthis_logo = ''; addthis_logo_color = ''; addthis_logo_background = ''; addthis_brand = 'Citizendium'; addthis_options = ''; addthis_offset_top = ''; addthis_offset_left = ''; Main Article Talk Related Articles Bibliography External Links This is a draft article , under development and not meant to be cited; you can help to improve it. These unapproved articles are subject to edit intro Biologists working in the field of evolutionary psychology argue that not only did the human body and its physiological characteristics evolve by means of natural selection , but also the human mind so evolved, including evolution of its manifold psychological, emotional and cognitive characteristics. They argue that human mental traits, including predispositions and biases, having evolved under pressure of natural selection during human evolution, reflect adaptations to the particular environments that prevailed before and during the period the human species ( Homo sapiens ) emerged from its ancestral lineage 200,000 years ago and evolved to a fully modern human species by some 50,000 years ago. They refer to the seminal period of psychological/cognitive adaptation to environmental circumstances as the era of evolutionary adaptedness, shorthanded to EEA, a period possibily extending to the Stone Age beginning about 2.5 million years ago.

52. Steven Pinker Language, cognitive science, evolutionary psychology (MIT). http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/

Steven Pinker about books research Steven Pinker about books research ... Harvard University

53. Evolutionary - Definition And More From The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary Definition of word from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/evolutionary

54. Jerome H. Barkow's Page evolutionary psychology, sociobiology, human reproductive behaviour (Dalhousie University, Canada). http://myweb.dal.ca/barkow/home.htm

Jerome H. Barkow's Page Telephone Number: 902-423-7051 Email: barkow@dal.ca PUBLICATION LIST RECENT WORK Click below for other links: Dalhousie's Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology

55. Evolutionary Creationism evolutionary Creationism Torah Solves the Problem of Missing Links By Susan Schneider A chapter from the book evolutionary CreationismKabbala Solves the Riddle of Missing http://www.orot.com/ec.html

Evolutionary Creationism Susie Schneider runs A Still Small Voice, a correspondence program in Jewish thought and practice. The program provides an in-depth exploration of inspirational teachings unavailable by any other means. A Still Small Voice PO Box 14503 Jerusalem Israel Tel. 972.2.628.2988 smlvoice@netvision.net.il Evolutionary Creationism Footnotes Evolutionary Creationism Torah Solves the Problem of Missing Links By Susan Schneider A chapter from the book "Evolutionary CreationismKabbala Solves the Riddle of Missing Links" published by A Still Small Voice, and available on www.astillsmallvoice.org/bookstore.html/ Contents Torah, Science, and Creationism: Three Frames Of Conception and Preconception A Methodology Of Dynamic Paradox Darwin and Genesis: Their Status Quo ... Sorting Out Their Spheres Of Discussion 1. Content, 2. Context, 3. First Cause, 4. Author Clarifying Terminology 1. Science, 2. Scripture Identifying Points Of Conflict 1. Time Frame

56. Evolutionary Economics Page with notes by Santa Fee Institute. http://www.santafe.edu/~shalizi/notebooks/evol-econ.html

57. Great Ideas In Personality--Evolutionary Psychology This page deals with evolutionary psychology, an evolutionary approach to human nature. http://www.personalityresearch.org/evolutionary.html

Evolutionary Psychology Table of Contents Adaptationist Program Inclusive Fitness Wilson's Ladder Level 1 ... Home Evolutionary psychology is an evolutionary approach to human nature. Attachment Theory is also grounded in certain evolutionary ideas, and Behavior Genetics is a field concerned with that all-important evolutionary mechanism, the gene. Evolutionary Psychology and Sociobiology One author summed up the basic idea of evolutionary psychology this way: "A person is only a gene's way of making another gene" (Konner, 1985, p. 48). Sociobiology (of which evolutionary psychology is a subfield that particularly concerns humans) can be thought of as having, like any research program , a "hard core" of problem solving strategies that provide possible answers to vexing research questions, and a "protective belt" of promising research questions to be addressed by providing actual answers to these questions. The protective belt structures our ignorance by identifying research questions that must be addressed if the research program is to advance. Whereas the actual answers that arise from the protective belt may be wrong, the hard core (by methodological fiat) is never wrongany potential negative evidence is to be blamed on faulty auxiliary assumptions rather than on the theory itself. Sociobiology can be thought of as a special case of the adaptationist program , which assumes that all phenotypic features (or characters) of contemporary organisms result from the fact that these features allowed the organisms' predecessors to produce more offspring in a prehistoric environment (Lewontin, 1979). "Narrow sociobiology" is defined as the study of evolution and of function, and chiefly applies to non-human animals in which cultural transmission is not an important variable intervening between possible and actual explanations (Kitcher, 1988). The hard core of narrow sociobiology includes the following laws or problem solving strategies, the basics of evolutionary theory:

58. European Meeting On Applied Evolutionary Economics Held on the 7 - 9 June 1999, in Grenoble, France. http://www.upmf-grenoble.fr/iepe/Manif/meeting.html

European Meeting on Applied Evolutionary Economics held on the 7 - 9 June 1999, in Grenoble , France Contributions in PDF format and the list of participants Evolutionary economics has become one of the major frameworks for the understanding of modern knowledge-based economies. Issues of technological development, industrial dynamics, networking and firm behaviour are increasingly analysed as evolutionary processes. At the same time, evolutionary economics provide us with new models promoting regional development and innovation policies. At this moment, a major challenge is to develop systematic methodologies to enhance empirical studies in evolutionary economics. The objective of this first European Meeting on Applied Evolutionary Economics is to bring together researchers and PhD-students with an interest in the empirical application of evolutionary economics. By means of intensive discussion, we aim at a fruitful exchange of the latest method and tools in evolutionary approaches to economic change. Themes The overall theme of the meeting is innovation in an evolutionary framework. The theme relates to various domains, including :

59. Evolutionary Software Development: How Data Activities Fit In evolutionary Software Development How Data Activities Fit In. www.agiledata.org Techniques for Successful evolutionary/Agile Database Development http://www.agiledata.org/essays/evolutionaryDevelopment.html

Evolutionary Software Development: How Data Activities Fit In www.agiledata.org : Techniques for Successful Evolutionary/Agile Database Development Home Agile DBAs Developers Enterprise Architects ... Me Should you follow the same process for a building an n-tiered web application as you would for a data warehouse Should you follow the same process for building an online version of your customer ordering system that you successfully followed ten years ago when you built the existing system that your internal customer service representatives now use today? The answer to both questions is no. An n-tiered application requires a different set of primary artifacts than a data warehouse – different technologies are best modeled and built using different techniques. The requirements for a online customer ordering system aren’t clear, as you may have noticed from the wide variety of e-commerce strategies in the past few years, as compared to your internal system built years ago. The implication is that the near-serial process that you followed years ago, a process that is very likely resistant to change, isn’t up to the dynamic nature of today’s environment. Table of Contents The need for methodological flexibility Beware of data-oriented BDUF Evolutionary development on an agile project The "natural order" of things and evolutionary development

60. Max Planck Institute Of Economics Located in Jena, Germany. Research on evolutionary Economics, Strategic Interaction, and Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy. http://www.econ.mpg.de/

@import url("/script/style_startpage2.css"); @import url("/script/thickbox.css"); Library Contact Imprint Max Planck Society ... German Max Planck Institute of Economics Women, Men, Couples: Decision-making under Risk and the Dynamics of Power Balance A substantial body of research investigates how individuals incorporate risk into their decision process. However, in many day-to-day life contexts of couples, such as financial investments, insurance, retirement plans, or residential location, decisions are (or should be) made jointly. Anthony Ziegelmeyer (Max Planck Institute of Economics), André de Palma and Nathalie Picard (University Cergy-Pontoise, Paris) analyzed how decision-making power is allocated between men and women, and identify the link between risky decisions made by couples and risky decisions. Their most important result: Far from being fixed, the balance of power within the household is not static, but changes over time in a dynamic process. Couples were presented with tasks involving binary choices between a lottery and a sure payoff. In the first part of the experiment spouses were separated and chose independently. In the second part of the experiment male spouses rejoined their partner and they made joint decisions. The researchers estimated both the spouses and the couples' degrees of risk aversion and they assessed how the risk preferences of the two spouses aggregate when they make risky decisions. In most couples, the man was initially more successful than the woman in influencing couple choices but the woman progressively gained power over the course of decision-making.

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