101. THE THEATRE OF THE ABSURD Describes the etymology of the term and its historical development. http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/Slavonic/Absurd.htm

THE THEATRE OF THE ABSURD THE WEST AND THE EAST I. The West 'The Theatre of the Absurd' is a term coined by the critic Martin Esslin for the work of a number of playwrights, mostly written in the 1950s and 1960s. The term is derived from an essay by the French philosopher Albert Camus. In his 'Myth of Sisyphus', written in 1942, he first defined the human situation as basically meaningless and absurd. The 'absurd' plays by Samuel Beckett, Arthur Adamov, Eugene Ionesco, Jean Genet, Harold Pinter and others all share the view that man is inhabiting a universe with which he is out of key. Its meaning is indecipherable and his place within it is without purpose. He is bewildered, troubled and obscurely threatened. The origins of the Theatre of the Absurd are rooted in the avant-garde experiments in art of the 1920s and 1930s. At the same time, it was undoubtedly strongly influenced by the traumatic experience of the horrors of the Second World War, which showed the total impermanence of any values, shook the validity of any conventions and highlighted the precariousness of human life and its fundamental meaninglessness and arbitrariness. The trauma of living from 1945 under threat of nuclear annihilation also seems to have been an important factor in the rise of the new theatre. At the same time, the Theatre of the Absurd also seems to have been a reaction to the disappearance of the religious dimension form contemporary life. The Absurd Theatre can be seen as an attempt to restore the importance of myth and ritual to our age, by making man aware of the ultimate realities of his condition, by instilling in him again the lost sense of cosmic wonder and primeval anguish. The Absurd Theatre hopes to achieve this by shocking man out of an existence that has become trite, mechanical and complacent. It is felt that there is mystical experience in confronting the limits of human condition.

102. Alfred Jarry (1873-1907) Brief biography of Alfred Jarry, the first absurd playwright. http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc2.htm

Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry, known primarily for his Ubu plays, began writing in 1888 at the age of fifteen with two fellow pupils at the Rennes lycee . Their project, a comic satire of their physics teacher, Monsieur Hebert, was nothing more than a childish prank. Eventually, however, this "piece alquemique" would become the world's first absurdist drama. The first and most famous of Alfred Jarry's Ubu plays is Ubu Roi or Ubu Rex . This strange parody of Shakespeare's Macbeth let loose upon the world the grotesque figure of Pa Ubu, a foul old man set on conquering Poland by any means necessaryand a personification of all that is base and stupid in mankind. The play premiered at the Theatre de L'OEuvre on December 10, 1896 to mixed results from an angry and violent crowd. Some audience members were outraged. Others were intrigued. But no one had ever seen anything like this before. The next day, the debate raged on in the papers and the cafes. In 1898

103. Rhinoceros By Eugene Ionesco - Home Information on the play itself, recent productions, and the Absurd Theatre. http://vzone.virgin.net/numb.world/rhino.home.htm

Home Shop Synopsis Eugene Ionesco ... Feedback WELCOME TO THE STAMPEDE! Everything you need to know about Eugene Ionesco's classic play 'Rhinoceros' is featured on this web site - from a history of the author and links to international theatre productions plus much more. All you need to do is double click on the contents bar on the left and follow the links. Please feel free to contact us

104. Cloud Boundary Patrol The complete Politics 3 paper compiled by SRI after Maslow s death, along with connections to other Maslow materials. http://www.nidus.org/

Always start with good seeds Maslow.ORG Maslow Mentoring Nidus Maslow barks: Maslow on Ontologizing Eupsychia.ORG Eupsychian Party Third.ORG Interocitor Morbid Euphoria Beware of Nevco, Inc. i-Vocab Words Listening for People Ortho Orthomentoring Mischief Zeitgeist Nudge Blogettes In the oven Eupsychian engineering and the future of Capitalism Reset cloud security to: /// (root nidus) MILSPEC Reset B-Net? (Kirk only): RESET

105. Medard Boss A brief personal history and synopsis of Boss distinctly Heidiggerian theories. http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/boss.html

MEDARD BOSS Dr. C. George Boeree It is hard to imagine better preparation for a career in psychotherapy. Born in St. Gallen, Switzerland, on October 4, 1903, Medard Boss grew up in Zurich during a time when Zurich was a center for psychological activity. He received his medical degree from the University there in 1928, taking time along the way to study in Paris and Vienna and to be analyzed by Sigmund Freud himself. After four years at the Burgholzli hospital, as an assistant to Eugen Bleuler, he went on to study in Berlin and London, where his teachers included several people in Freud's inner circle as well as Karen Horney and Kurt Goldstein. Beginning in 1938, he became associated with Carl Jung, who revealed to Boss the possibility of a psychoanalysis not bound up in Freudian interpretations. Over time, Boss read the works of Ludwig Binswanger and Martin Heidegger. But it was his meeting, in 1946, and eventual friendship with Heidegger that turned him forever to existential psychology. His impact on existential therapy has been so great that he is often mentioned together with Ludwig Binswanger as its cofounder. Theory While Binswanger and Boss agree on the basics of existential psychology, Boss sticks somewhat closer to Heidegger's original ideas. Boss doesn't like, for example, Binswanger's ideas about "world-design:" He feels that the idea of people coming to the world with preformed expectations distracts from the more basic existential point that the world is not something we interpret, but something that reveals itself to the "light" of Dasein.

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