61. Measurement In Quantum Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) Collapse of the wave function, role of the observer in QM; From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Henry Krips. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-measurement/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Measurement in Quantum Theory First published Tue Oct 12, 1999; substantive revision Wed Aug 22, 2007 The dynamics and the postulate of collapse are flatly in contradiction with one another ... the postulate of collapse seems to be right about what happens when we make measurements, and the dynamics seems to be bizarrely wrong about what happens when we make measurements, and yet the dynamics seems to be right about what happens whenever we aren't making measurements. (Albert 1992, 79) 1. The Birth of the Measurement Problem 2. The End of Copenhagen Monocracy 3. Cats in Singlets 4. The World of Many Interpretations ... Related Entries 1. The Birth of the Measurement Problem (P) If a quantity Q is measured in system S at time t then Q has a particular value in S at t Many of Bohr's colleagues, including his young protege Werner Heisenberg, misunderstood or rejected the relationalist metaphysics that underpinned Bohr's endorsement of (P). Instead, they favored the positivistic, anti-metaphysical approach expressed in Heisenberg's influential book, The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory q for S at t unless Q is measured to have value q for S at t Heisenberg's approach, as presented in

62. What Is Quantum Mechanics? Quantum theory is bizarre. In order to try and understand it we need to forget everything we know about cause and effect, reality, certainty, and much else http://www.thekeyboard.org.uk/Quantum mechanics.htm

What is quantum mechanics? " The quantum is the greatest mystery we've got. Never in my life was I more up a tree than today," John Wheeler. Quantum theory is bizarre. In order to try and understand it we need to forget everything we know about cause and effect, reality, certainty, and much else besides. This is a different world, it has its own rules, rules of probability that make no sense in our everyday world. Richard Feynman, the greatest physicist of his generation, said of quantum theory It is impossible, absolutely impossible to explain it in any classical way'. Quantum theory is much more than just bizarre, it is also without doubt the most amazing theory in existence. If after reading this section you are not totally amazed by it, then the fault will be mine, for I will have failed to reveal to you its deep underlying significance. This theory is not just about experiments and equations, it reveals something extraordinary about our very understanding of what constitutes reality. We will start with the famous double slit experiment as it demonstrates beautifully the central mystery of quantum theory. Quantum theory however, needs some introduction before we get too involved in the experiment.

63. Quantum Mechanics History This work was not done with quantum theory in mind but, Einstein proposed a quantum theory of light to solve the difficulty and then he realised that http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.html

A history of Quantum Mechanics Mathematical Physics index History Topics Index Version for printing It is hard to realise that the electron was only discovered a little over 100 years ago in 1897. That it was not expected is illustrated by a remark made by J J Thomson, the discoverer of the electron. He said I was told long afterwards by a distinguished physicist who had been present at my lecture that he thought I had been pulling their leg. The neutron was not discovered until 1932 so it is against this background that we trace the beginnings of quantum theory back to 1859. In 1859 Gustav Kirchhoff proved a theorem about blackbody radiation. A blackbody is an object that absorbs all the energy that falls upon it and, because it reflects no light, it would appear black to an observer. A blackbody is also a perfect emitter and Kirchhoff proved that the energy emitted E depends only on the temperature T and the frequency v of the emitted energy, i.e. E J T v He challenged physicists to find the function J In 1879 Josef Stefan proposed, on experimental grounds, that the total energy emitted by a hot body was proportional to the fourth power of the temperature. In the generality stated by

64. What Is Quantum Physics There are five main ideas represented in Quantum Theory As Niels Bohr said, Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it. 6 http://library.thinkquest.org/3487/qp.html

What is Quantum Physics? Quantum physics is a branch of science that deals with discrete, indivisible units of energy called quanta as described by the Quantum Theory. There are five main ideas represented in Quantum Theory: Energy is not continuous, but comes in small but discrete units. The elementary particles behave both like particles and like waves. The movement of these particles is inherently random. It is physically impossible to know both the position and the momentum of a particle at the same time. The more precisely one is known, the less precise the measurement of the other is. The atomic world is nothing like the world we live in. While at a glance this may seem like just another strange theory, it contains many clues as to the fundamental nature of the universe and is more important then even relativity in the grand scheme of things (if any one thing at that level could be said to be more important then anything else). Furthermore, it describes the nature of the universe as being much different then the world we see. As Niels Bohr said, "Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it." Particle/Wave Duality Particle/wave duality is perhaps the easiest way to get aquatinted with quantum theory because it shows, in a few simple experiments, how different the atomic world is from our world.

65. Holistic Quantum Cosmology With Decreasing Gravity A new Quantum Theory which gives a unification of microcosmos with macrocosmos. http://www.rostra.dk/louis/

Holistisk kvantekosmologi med aftagende gravitation Holistic Quantum Cosmology with Decreasing Gravity Ny teori om universet A New Theory about the Universe Afhandlinger af lektor cand. scient. Louis Nielsen, Herlufsholm Forening af det mindste med det střrste i universet Treatises by Louis Nielsen, M.Sc., senior physics master at Herlufsholm, Denmark Unification of the smallest with the greatest in the Universe You may have a problem using a browser not supporting subscripts and superscripts. If so, you should update your browser, or at least be aware of the problem, when reading the texts. Ny artikel indsat 31. juli 2008 Forening af Mikrokosmos og Makrokosmos Forening af gravitation og elektricitet Omnia determinant omnia Lćs her In English: 1st part: Quantum Cosmology with Decreasing Gravity. Unification of Micro- and Macrocosmos. 2nd part: Physical Consequences of Decreasing Gravity. 3rd part: Rational Holistic Quantum Physics based on Quantization of Space, Time and Mass. 4th part: Quantum Energy of the Atom, expressed by the space quantum, the time quantum and the mass of the Universe. 5th part: Fundamental Quantum Cosmological Units and the Quantum Evolution of the Universe.

66. Quantum Theory For Xbox 360 - GameSpot Dumb enemies, repetitive levels, and downright unappealing looks makes this a theory that's not worth testing. http://www.gamespot.com/xbox360/action/quantumtheory/index.html

Watch the Show! Now Playing (black) ON GameFAQs Top 10 Most Out-of-Place Bosses GameSpot.com sign in username password Sign up Help Forgot Password Search Search Search Home PC Xbox 360 Wii ... Kinect Theme: Light Dark Top 10 Games Fable III Fallout: New Vegas Undead Nightmare Pack Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II Fallout: New Vegas Rock Band 3 Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II Fallout: New Vegas document.cookie='MAD_FIRSTPAGE=1;path=/;domain=gamespot.com'; Quantum Theory Follow Discuss Game Tag Review It ... Digg Dumb enemies, repetitive levels, and downright unappealing looks makes this a theory that's not worth testing. Images See All Images Videos See All Videos Quantum Theory Gameplay Movie 2 Now Playing Oct 7, 2010 (1,706 views) Syd takes on the Nosferatu. Watch the: SD Video Quantum Theory Gameplay Movie 3 Now Playing Oct 7, 2010 (1,194 views) Ride on the back of a giant slug in Quantum Theory. Watch the: SD Video Quantum Theory Gameplay Movie 1 Now Playing Oct 7, 2010 (10,356 views) Boomit's a headshot in this gameplay video from Quantum Theory.

67. Development Of SubQuantum Theory Author offers to take part in development of new subquantum paradigm! http://www.ltn.lv/~elefzaze/

68. IGN: Quantum Theory Quantum Theory is a game whose design is dated despite being a week old. It's a game that feels like it didn't understand what it wanted to be, mashing thirdperson cover http://xbox360.ign.com/objects/054/054558.html

69. Caroline Thompson's Physics Site Online papers, essays and letters challenging fundamental physics and quantum theory. http://freespace.virgin.net/ch.thompson1/

Caroline Thompson's Physics Created December 19, 2003, based on material from http://www.aber.ac.uk/~cat We regret to inform visitors that Caroline died from cancer on the 8th of February 2006. We thank everyone who has sent messages of support . This website will be kept open indefinitely and in the state she last updated it on December 30, 2005. Update January 3rd, 2010: We found several broken pages on the website, including Suggestions for experiments These have all been fixed, but if you find any further problems, please let us know using the e-mail address below. Email: ch.thompson1@virgin.net This site is about what is wrong with Fundamental Physics. It started with the discovery that we have been misled. We have been told that experiments agree with all the predictions of quantum theory, including those that involve the impossible - the Bell test experiments , that are supposed to show totally incomprehensible effects of separated particles on each other. I have looked at the evidence. The "loopholes" that they know are present are large enough to allow for perfectly straightforward explanations, with no sign of "non-locality". I am led to suggest that perhaps there is other currently-accepted "evidence" for both quantum theory and Einstein's relativity theories that needs re-investigation. (There is! See

70. PlayStation 3 Review: Quantum Theory - Blogcritics Gaming quantum theory, modern physical theory concerned with the emission and absorption of energy by matter and with the motion of material particles; the quantum theory and the http://blogcritics.org/gaming/article/playstation-3-review-quantum-theory/?utm_s

71. Quantum Theory And Wave/Particle Duality Repudiates Wave/Particle Duality and provides a new interpretation of Schroedinnger s equations. http://www.hotquanta.com/wpd.html

Quantum Theory and Wave/Particle Duality A work in Progress; modified: 7-March-2001 Many interpretations of quantum physics incorporate the idea that particles (or some property associated with particles) propagate as waves. The object of this article is to examine the core assumptions behind this wave/particle idea with a view to developing a different model that is consistent with relativity, observation and the mathematical formalism. John K. N. Murphy , Kohimarama, Auckland, New Zealand. Home Page Site Index About MySelf Sign Guestbook ... View Guestbook Contents Comments and feedback welcome - E- Mail John Murphy 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Basic Issues 1.2 Generating a New Approach ... 5.0 The Ahranhov-Bohm Effect 1.0 Introduction Next Essentially, wave/particle duality employs the notion that an entity simultaneously possesses localized (particle) and distributed (wave) properties. The idea has been introduced into modern physics to account for observations in which particles of matter interact to produce effects that appear to be identical to the effects that occur when waves diffract and interfere. However, the concept of rests on an assumption. It is assumed that wave propagation mechanisms can provide the only possible explanation for scattering effects observed in experiments such as the Twin Slit experiment.

72. Quantum Theory Timeline At the start of the twentieth century, scientists believed that they understood the most fundamental principles of nature. Atoms were solid building blocks of nature; people http://particleadventure.org/other/history/quantumt.html

Quantum Theory timeline At the start of the twentieth century, scientists believed that they understood the most fundamental principles of nature. Atoms were solid building blocks of nature; people trusted Newtonian laws of motion; most of the problems of physics seemed to be solved. However, starting with Einstein's theory of relativity which replaced Newtonian mechanics, scientists gradually realized that their knowledge was far from complete. Of particular interest was the growing field of quantum mechanics, which completely altered the fundamental precepts of physics. Particles discovered 1898 - 1964: Max Planck suggests that radiation is quantized (it comes in discrete amounts.) Albert Einstein , one of the few scientists to take Planck's ideas seriously, proposes a quantum of light (the photon) which behaves like a particle. Einstein's other theories explained the equivalence of mass and energy, the particle-wave duality of photons, the equivalence principle, and special relativity. Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden , under the supervision of Ernest Rutherford , scatter alpha particles off a gold foil and observe large angles of scattering, suggesting that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

73. Max Planck - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Wikipedia article on this German physicist, the founder of the quantum theory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck

Max Planck From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search "Planck" redirects here. For other uses, see Planck (disambiguation) Max Planck Born April 23, 1858 Kiel Duchy of Holstein Died Göttingen Lower Saxony Germany Nationality German Fields Physics Institutions University of Kiel University of Berlin University of Göttingen Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft ... Alexander von Brill Doctoral students Gustav Ludwig Hertz Erich Kretschmann Walther Meißner Walter Schottky ... Planck's law of black body radiation Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physics Signature Notes He is the father of Erwin Planck who was executed in 1945 by the Gestapo for his part in the July 20 plot Max Planck (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was a German physicist . He is considered to be the founder of the quantum theory , and thus one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Contents Life and career Academic career Family Professor at Berlin University ... edit Life and career Planck came from a traditional, intellectual family. His paternal great-grandfather and grandfather were both theology professors in Göttingen ; his father was a law professor in Kiel and Munich ; and his paternal uncle was a judge Max Planck's signature at ten years of age.

74. Quantum Theory Coming In 2010 - PlayStation 3 News At IGN (PS3) It's been about seven months since we last heard anything on Tecmo's Quantum Theory. The third person action shooter debuted as one of the big PlaySt http://ps3.ign.com/articles/986/986865p1.html

75. Physics 1501 - Modern Technology An undergraduate course offered at the University of Winnepeg on introductory physics. All lecture notes are online, and include material on relativity and quantum theory. http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/tech.html

Next: Contents Up: Main index Physics 1501 - Modern Technology Physics Department University of Winnipeg September, 1999 Search Contents List of Figures List of Tables ... modtech@theory.uwinnipeg.ca

76. Quantum Theory - Definition Of Quantum Theory In The Medical Dictionary - By The theory /the o ry/ (the ore) 1. the doctrine or the principles underlying an art as distinguished from the practice of that particular art. 2. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/quantum theory

77. Physics 1501 - Modern Technology University of Winnipeg Lecture notes for Physics 1501. Covers classical physics, special relativity, quantum theory and nuclear physics. http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/

Next: Contents Up: Main index Physics 1501 - Modern Technology Physics Department University of Winnipeg September, 1999 Search Contents List of Figures List of Tables ... modtech@theory.uwinnipeg.ca

78. [hep-ph/0101119] A Status Review Of Inflationary Cosmology Thorough review of inflationary cosmology which focuses on two areas of recent progress reheating and the quantum theory of cosmological perturbations. Suitable for graduate students and researchers. http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0101119

arXiv.org hep-ph Search or Article-id Help Advanced search All papers Titles Authors Abstracts Full text Help pages Full-text links: Download: PDF PostScript Other formats Current browse context: hep-ph new recent SLAC-SPIRES HEP refers to ... what is this? Bookmark what is this? High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Title: A Status Review of Inflationary Cosmology Authors: Robert H. Brandenberger (Submitted on 11 Jan 2001) Abstract: The first aim of this lecture is to highlight two areas of recent progress in inflationary cosmology, namely reheating and the quantum theory of cosmological perturbations. The second aim is to discuss important conceptual problems for the current realizations of inflation based on fundamental scalar matter fields, and to present some new approaches at solving these problems. Comments: 20 pages invited lecture at JGRG10, Osaka, Japan, Sept. 11 - 14, 2000, to appear in the proceedings Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ; Astrophysics (astro-ph); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) Journal reference: BROWN-HET-1256 Cite as: arXiv:hep-ph/0101119v1 Submission history From: Robert H. Brandenberger [

79. Dr. Mendel Sachs On compatibility of the quantum theory and theory of general relativity - by Dr. Mendel Sachs. http://www.compukol.com/mendel/

The Future of Physics? My name is Mendel Sachs. My subject is theoretical physics. I have recently become aware of this excellent means of communicating ideas to my fellow physicists. I would like to ask your indulgence in some of my thoughts about physics today. I have discovered during my professional career that in order to increase our comprehension of the material world, it is necessary to ask significant questions and then try to answer them, as completely and rigorously as possible no matter how hard this may seem to be at the outset. A "significant question" to me is one whose answer could possibly increase our understanding. Of course, there is no guarantee at the outset that the question would turn out to be significant in the final analysis. On the other hand, it is often clear when a question (that a great deal of attention may be given to) is not significant! Let me start out, then, with some questions that I believe are significant, and then try to answer them, in my view.

80. Personal And Historical Perspectives Of Hans Bethe IN 1999, legendary theoretical physicist Hans Bethe delivered three lectures on quantum theory to his neighbors at the Kendal of Ithaca retirement community http://bethe.cornell.edu/

Home About Reading Lecture 1 ... Lecture 3 Introduction 12 minutes Large Video (28 MB) Small Video (5 MB) Audio Only (3 MB) Lecture 1 49 minutes Large Video (102 MB) Small Video (12 MB) Audio Only (4 MB) Lecture 2 43 minutes Large Video (88 MB) Small Video (11 MB) Audio Only (4 MB) Lecture 3 49 minutes Large Video (102 MB) Small Video (12 MB) Audio Only (4 MB) Appreciation 20 minutes Large Video (46 MB) Small Video (8 MB) Audio Only (4 MB) Three Lectures by Hans Bethe IN 1999, legendary theoretical physicist Hans Bethe delivered three lectures on quantum theory to his neighbors at the Kendal of Ithaca retirement community (near Cornell University). Given by Professor Bethe at age 93, the lectures are presented here as QuickTime videos synchronized with slides of his talking points and archival material. Intended for an audience of Professor Bethe's neighbors at Kendal, the lectures hold appeal for experts and non-experts alike. The presentation makes use of limited mathematics while focusing on the personal and historical perspectives of one of the principal architects of quantum theory whose career in physics spans 75 years.

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