41. Cephalopods (Octopi And Squids) , Kentucky Geological Survey cephalopods (Octopi and Squids) , Fossils of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey http://www.uky.edu/KGS/fossils/cephalopods.htm

KGS Home Fossils Invertebrate Fossils Mollusca(Sea Shells) Cephalopods (Octopi and Squids) Cephalopods are molluscan animals that live in the sea. The group includes the modern octopi and squids as well as many fossil forms. The name cephalopod means "head foot" and it looks as though its feet (actually tentacles) are growing out of its head. The soft parts of the cephalopod animals are not fossilized, but the shell fossils are common in some strata. The inside of the fossil cephalopod shells are very similar to the internal parts of the modern Nautilus , a squid-like animal with a coiled shell. Because the shell structure is similar, we infer that the fossil cephalopods animals were similar to Nautilus when they were alive. Cephalopod Shapes Cephalopods had a variety of shell shapes. Some were coiled and some were straight (orthocone). This fossil straight-shelled cepahalopod above was found in the Pennsylvanian rocks of eastern Kentucky. The outer shell has been eroded away, showing the regularly-spaced internal walls ( septa ) of this cephalopod. The entire animal from tentacle tip to shell tip was probably only 10 inches long. Straight-shelled (orthocone) cephalopods are common in Ordovician limestones in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky. Some incomplete orthocone fossils have been found along the Kentucky River Palisades that were four feet long; the living animal was probably eight feet long.

42. Cephalopods | Water: Science And Issues | Find Articles At BNET cephalopods from Water Science and Issues provided by Find Articles at BNET http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5224/is_2003/ai_n19143324/

BNET Log In Join Search All of BNET Publications Library Home Commentary Leadership Life at Work ... Newspaper Collection @import "http://i.i.com.com/cnwk.1d/Ads/common/css/siteSkin/bnet_mantleSkin.css"; document.cookie='MAD_FIRSTPAGE=1;path=/;domain=findarticles.com'; Reference Publications Cephalopods Water: Science and Issues by David M. Rohr Next Cephalopods Nautilus belongs to the cephalopods, a category of mollusks to which the octopus, squid, and cuttlefish octopus also belong. The phylum Mollusca also includes the gastropods (snails and slugs) and bivalves (such as clams and oysters) among others, and is considered one of the most intelligent and successful invertebrate groups in the oceans. Major Characteristics All cephalopods live in the marine environment, where they are carnivores. A shared trait of the group are sucker-bearing tentacles used to seize and hold prey. The tentacles range in number from eight in the octopus to more than ninety in Nautilus. The tentacles surround a powerful beak-like mouth. Many living cephalopods (but not Nautilus ) possess an ink sac capable of ejecting a dark fluid to confound predators. Some octopuses, squids, and Suction cups on tentacles are used to grasp prey and cling to surfaces. The common octopus has approximately 240 suction cups per tentacle. cuttlefish have the remarkable ability to change color and color patterns to better blend in with the surrounding seafloor.

43. Cephalopods At The National Museum Of Natural History Yes, it's a cephalopod! This squid and other cephalopods are featured in the Cephalopod pages maintained at the National Museum of Natural History! http://www.mnh.si.edu/cephs/

Cephalopods at the National Museum of Natural History Yes, it's a cephalopod! This squid and other cephalopods are featured in the Cephalopod pages maintained at the National Museum of Natural History! See the following links for more information on cephalopods. Cephalopods in Action. This is a multimedia appendix to published papers, that features video clips of cephalopods filmed from submersibles. Included are: The list of publications The list of species featured in the videos, arranged as a taxonomic list, only relevant taxa included The newest action! Videos of the "Mystery Squid"! A more complete explanation of the purpose of these pages Introducing an interactive key to the families of the Decapodiformes. Try this, it's exciting! Giant Squid pages Search for the giant squid Expedition to search for the giant squid off New Zealand, 1999 Expedition journals from the search for the giant squid off New Zealand, 1999 List of ... published records (a downloadable pdf file) This page was created by Jim Felley, Mike Vecchione, Clyde Roper, Mike Sweeney, and Tyler Christensen. If you have questions or comments, contact Mike Vecchione at

44. Cephalopoda Classification and images of cephalopods from the Tree of Life project. http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cephalopoda&contgroup=Mollusca

45. Mar-Eco - Cephalopods Mike Vecchione, who is a MARECO scientist and a cephalopod specialist presents a brief, popular description on cephalods. http://www.mar-eco.no/learning-zone/backgrounders/deepsea_life_forms/cephalopods

Backgrounders History Biology Physics ... 2009 A deep Ocean Odyssey Cephalopods Mike Vecchione, who is a MAR-ECO scientist and a cephalopod specialist presents a brief, popular description on cephalods. Description The Class Cephalopoda includes (1) decapodiforms, such as squids and cuttlefishes, (2) octopodiforms, including the vampire squid as well as a variety of octopods, and (3) their more distant relatives, the chambered nautiluses. These molluscs are characterised by a well developed head that contains a circumoral (surrounding the mouth) crown of arms that bear suckers and/or hooks (except in Nautilus). The mouth has chitinous beak-like jaws and a chitinous tongue-like radula (band of teeth). The shell is reduced, modified, or absent and is enclosed by the mantle. An external shell occurs only in Nautilus (restricted to Indo-Pacific), although a shell-like egg case is found in female argonauts. The size of adult cephalopods ranges from about 2 cm to over 20 m in total length; largest specimens may weigh over 1 ton. Cephalopods are soft-bodied animals; their primary skeletal features include a cartilaginous cranium and, in most forms, a rigid structure in the mantle composed of chitin (gladius or "pen"), calcium carbonate (cuttlebone), or cartilage (fin supports in finned octopods). They have one pair of gills, except for the Nautilus, which has two pairs. The central nervous system is highly developed especially the well-organised eyes.

46. ACP - Cephalopods cephalopods “Me Tarzan, you Jane.” If the male cuttlefish could speak, this might be his opening line. Although cuttlefish don’t primarily use sound to communicate, the http://acp.eugraph.com/cephal/

47. Nautilus Pompilius, Nautiluses - The Cephalopod Page Photographs and information on Nautilus and Allonautilus which are the last living genera of externally shelled cephalopods. http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/Npompil.php

48. Cephalopods : Pharyngula I reserve the right to publicly post, with full identifying information about the source, any email sent to me that contains threats of violence. http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/cephalopods/

Now on ScienceBlogs: Green tomato muffins, Komatsuna Greens in Ginger Almond Miso Sauce Last 24 Hrs Life Science Physical Science ... Pharyngula Evolution, development, and random biological ejaculations from a godless liberal Latest Posts Archives About Dungeon ... Contact Search Profile PZ Myers is a biologist and associate professor at the University of Minnesota, Morris pharyngula stage embryo a longer profile of yours truly my calendar ... the Pharyngula chat room (#pharyngula on irc.synirc.net) latest endless thread I reserve the right to publicly post, with full identifying information about the source, any email sent to me that contains threats of violence. Random Quote Christ rode on an ass, but now asses ride on Christ. [Heine] Recent Posts Mary's Monday Metazoan: She had to go for cute How to deal with the crazies Luxembourg has atheists! Finally, a use for that bad plural form of octopus ... A Taste of Pharyngula Recent Comments Caine, Fleur du mal OM on Too true A. Noyd on How to deal with the crazies Ing on Too true a_ray_in_dilbert_space, OM, Death's Wellness Consultant on Ichthyic on How to deal with the crazies MadScutter on Too true hznfrst on How to deal with the crazies Fil on How to deal with the crazies Ogvorbis, Parenthetical Death

49. Night Of The Cephalopods HEAR your every move with the Lovecraft 3000 dynamic narration system! SEE pixels of truly cyclopean dimension with hiquality retro pixel art graphics! http://spookysquid.com/notc/

50. Cephalopods, Octopus - Aquatic Connection Hundreds of Saltwater aquarium fish, Live Coral, aquarium supplies, aquarium live rock at Aquacon.com. Buy live saltwater aquarium fish online. http://www.aquacon.com/cephalopods.html

Information at your Fingertips Ordering Information Shipping Info Fish Compatability Livestock Availability ... Come See Us - Directions Cephalopods Octopuses are highly intelligent, by far the most intelligent known invertebrates, and are able to learn how to distinguish the difference between colors and shapes. More impressive is that they can remember the shapes and colors and their meanings for up to two years. An octopus can also learn how to unscrew the lid of a jar with its arms, and the octopus called Einstein at the British Blue Reef Aquarium could open a tin within seconds with two arms, opening it even faster if it was filled with food. Assorted Atlantic Octopus Octopus sp. **Advanced Aquarist Species: $59.99 ea. Quantity **Advanced Aquarist Species: We guarantee that ALL aquariam species offered will arrive alive and in good condition. However, because of the increased level of care required for this particular species, it has been designated as "

51. Index A Hong Kong importer and distributor of frozen seafood including fish, shrimp, crab, cephalopods (molluscs) and shell. They also provides suckling pig, snake and frog legs. http://www.seaboseafood.com/eng/

52. Cephalopod Family Index In the evolution of cephalopods, three common fossil groups, the Orthocerida (Orthoceras species), Ammonoidea, and Belemnoidea are particularly interesting. http://shells.tricity.wsu.edu/ArcherdShellCollection/Cephalopods.html

Archerd Shell Collection Shell Classes Cephalopod Family Index [select a shell family below, or click on picture to see its family.] Shell pictures, select a living family below: Argonautidae Paper Nautilus, Argonaut Nautilidae Chambered Nautilus Extinct Cephalopods Ammonoidea (fossil) Ammonites Orthocerida (fossil) Orthoceras ... Belemnites Classification (Smithsonian Institution, 4 May 2001; modified) Subclass: Nautiloidea (Tetrabranchiata) Order: Nautilida Superfamily: Nautiloidea Family: Nautilidae Order: Orthocerida (extinct) Subclass: Ammonoidea (ammonites, extinct) Subclass: Coleoidea (Dibranchiata) Order: Belemnoidea (extinct) Order: Spirulida Family: Spirulidae Order: Sepiida (cuttlefish) Family: Sepiadariidae Family: Sepiidae (others) Order: Sepiolida (cuttlefish) Family: Idiosepiidae Family: Sepiolidae (others) Order: Teuthida (squids) Suborder: Myopsina Family: Loliginidae Suborder: Oegopsina Family: Onychoteuthidae Family: Architeuthidae Family: Ommatostrephidae Family: Sthenoteuthidae (others) Order: Vampyromorphida (vampire squid) Family: Vampyroteuthidae Order: Octopoda Suborder: Cirrina (finned octopus) Family: Cirroteuthidae Family: Stauroteuthidae Family: Opisthoteuthidae Suborder: Incirrina (octopus) Family: Bolitaenidae Family: Octopodidae (many species) Family: Argonautidae (others) Overview The class, Cephalopoda, includes the Chambered Nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, and octopus, as well as fossil ammonite and other fossil forms. It is a very diverse class, with 600 living species and more than 7500 fossil species. In the

53. Inter-Oceanic Resources Co., Ltd. Processes shrimps, cephalopods, and frozen foods. http://www.ior.co.th

54. Cephalopods MOLLUSCS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. Octopuses reach their largest size in the cool temperate waters of the north and south Pacific. Photo by James A. Cosgrove http://www.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/Cephalopods.html

Home Page Search for an Atlas Page View our Photo Gallery Donate to E-Fauna BC ... Contact E-Fauna BC About E-Fauna BC How to Use E-Fauna All About Species Searching About our Atlas Pages About The Data ... E-Fauna Funders and Sponsors MOLLUSCS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Octopuses reach their largest size in the cool temperate waters of the north and south Pacific. Photo by James A. Cosgrove Introduction to the Cephalopoda by James A. Cosgrove The Phylum Mollusca is one of the largest and most diverse of the animal groups. It contains more than 35,000 extinct and 130,000 living species in what are currently recognized as 7 unequal Classes. The name Mollusca comes from the Latin word mollis The Class Cephalopoda is one of the most interesting groups as it possesses some of the most highly evolved non-vertebrates in the world. The word cephalopod comes from the Greek and means head/foot. When one looks at a squid or an octopus we see a ring of appendages surrounding a mouth and a head attached. Most of the squids and cuttlefishes are classified as decapods (10 appendages of which 8 are arms and 2 are tentacles) while most octopuses are octopods (8 arms only, no tentacles).

55. Molluscs - Profile Of Molluscs A diverse group of animals that include cephalopods (squid, octopuses, cuttlefish), gastropods (nudibranchs, snails, slugs, limpets, sea hares) and bivalves (mussels, clams, oysters, scallops). http://animals.about.com/od/mollusks/p/mollusks.htm

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Animals / Wildlife Animals / Wildlife Search Animals / Wildlife Animal Facts Habitat Facts Evolution ... Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Free Animals / Wildlife Newsletter! Sign Up Discuss in my Forum By Laura Klappenbach , About.com Guide See More About: molluscs invertebrates cephalopods bivalves ... gastropods Molluscs - Phylum Mollusca. zSB(3,3) Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca) are invertebrates that include animals such as squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nudibranchs, snails, slugs, limpets, sea hares, mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, as well as many lesser known creatures. There are an estimated 100,000 species of molluscs making them second largest phylum in the animal kingdom, having fewer species than only the Phylum Arthropoda Molluscs have soft bodies that consist of three basic parts, a foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle. Because molluscs are very diverse and come in many different shapes and sizes it is difficult to make too many generalizations about the group's anatomical structure beyond these three basic parts. The foot functions in locomotion and in molluscs that posses a shell, the foot can often be drawn inside. The visceral mass, located above the foot, contains the digestive system, the heart, and other internal organs. Finally, the mantle is a layer of tissue that covers the visceral mass and in many molluscs it contains glands which secrete a hard shell.

56. Cephalopods - Definition And More From The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary Definition of word from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cephalopods

57. Exciting Cephalopods Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda There are three subclasses of cephalopods Coleoidea, Nautiloidea, and Ammonoidea, which is extinct. http://www.earlham.edu/~merkeka/exciting_cephalopods.htm

Biological Diversity 2001 This image courtesy of CephBase Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda There are three subclasses of cephalopods: Coleoidea, Nautiloidea, and Ammonoidea, which is extinct. Our conservation issues focus on the superorders Decapodiformes (squids and cuttlefishes) and Octopodiformes (octopuses), which are part of the subclass Coleoidea. Subclass: Coleoidea Superorder: Octopodiformes Order: Octopoda photos curtesy of CephBase This order (photos above and below) includes the common 'octopus,' and the finned octopods found deep in the oceans and sometimes in shallow polar waters. Finned octopods, or Cirrata, have cirri (hair-like structures, probably for feeding) lining each of their arms. The Incirrata have no fins, and their arms are lined exclusively with suckers. Order: Vampyromorpha This image courtesy of the University of Arizona, Tree of Life One species of Vampyromorpha is known to exist - the vampire squid. These creatures share traits with both octopods and decapods, but have special adaptations for deep-sea life. They are gelatinous and their second pair of arms are special sensory filaments. Their chromatophores cannot change color as quickly as other cephalopods', and they do not have ink sacs; instead, they have photophores, which exude glowing particles!

58. Molluscs Cephalopods Molluscs cephalopods Internet Resource Site for Students, Educators, and anyone wanting to learn more about the fascinating world of the Mollusc! http://www.directory.manandmollusc.net/molluscs/cephalopods

Path: Molluscs: Cephalopods: Main Categories Aplacophora Bivalves Cephalopods Gastropods ... Scaphopods More Categories Arts Commercial Dealers Education Miscellaneous ... Shells (Molluscs) Editor: Avril Bourquin Molluscs Home AUP Policies Cephalopods More Sub Categories under this Section: Cuttlefish: Food And Aquaculture: Hobbyist: Nautilus: ... Squid: Last Update: Tuesday, September 28, 2010 At: 17:44:18 (Total Listings: 29) Editor Recommendations The Cephalopod Page The Cephalopod Page is the personal web page of Dr. James B. Wood and has been online since 1995. The goal of TCP is to provide an accurate, interesting and educational content oriented page devoted to the most active, intelligent and interesting invertebrates known - the Cephalopods. (Listed On Sun Nov 13 17:56:19 2005) Octopuses Smart Suckers Article Octopuses are Smart Suckers By Jennifer Mathers and Roland Anderson - A Man and Mollusc Page (Listed On Sun Nov 13 17:55:30 2005) Advanced Introduction Advanced Introduction to Molluscs A Man and Mollusc Page (Listed On Sun Nov 13 17:55:43 2005) BeginnerS Introduction A Beginner's Introduction to Molluscs By Sammy Snail A Man and Mollusc Page (Listed On Sun Nov 13 17:55:43 2005) Listings Tonmo.Com

59. Cephalopoda Nautiloidea Provides information on the subclass which includes six living species. http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Cephalopoda/Nautiloidea.ht

Nautiloidea This subclass includes the six species of living Nautilus , which are the only living cephalopods with a coiled external shell. The Nautilus shell is approximately 20 cm in diameter and coiled in a planispiral fashion, with ornamental banding of orange-brown stripes that are irregular and bi-laterally symmetrical. The shell is composed of internal gas-filled structures called camerae that are divided by septa. The animal lives within the last chamber, and each time a new septum is secreted, it moves forward on average about every two weeks. The chambers are connected by the siphuncle, a thin single tube that passes through the centre of each septum. The head/foot region of Nautilus is complex, with tentacles surrounding the mouth and beak, and the eyes placed laterally. As in all cephalopods, the hyponome is used for locomotion and is located below the tentacles. It is funnel-shaped and can be turned in any direction. Water enters the mantle cavity through the inhalant siphon, passes over the gills and is then forced out under pressure through the hyponome propelling the animal in the opposite direction. The diagrams below come from E. Clarkson and show the internal structure. Nautilus is a mobile feeder, grabbing prey with its tentacles, which it spreads out in a "cone of search". Once food is captured, the inner tentacles are used to manipulate it, while the powerful beak rips the animal, usually a fish or crustacean, apart. The food is then stored prior to digestion in an expanded oesophagus. All species of

60. Cephalopoda Belemnoidea Provides information on this typical genus of the order Belemnoidea, members of which are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Cephalopoda/belemnites.htm

Belemnites Belemnites are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. In the typical genus Belemnites the shell has three parts; the guard is the largest and most posterior of these. It is solid calcite and forms a massive bullet-shaped cylinder, which tapers posteriorly to a point. The surface of the guard is usually smooth but can be granular or pitted, while the anterior end is indented by a conical cavity called the alveolus . The second part of the shell is the phragmocone and this lies within the alveolus. This is homologous to the nautiloid shell and has a slender siphuncle that threads through the septa at the ventral margin. The pro-ostracum is the third component and is a long flat expanded tongue that projects forwards and protects the anterior part of the body. However this is rarely preserved. Argonautidae Major Subclasses Return to index page Websites produced by students on the MSc Palaeobiology programme in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol for academic year 2004-5

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