61. WMNH - Ammonites Provides photographs of a number of ammonites at the Black Hills Institute, with taxonomic data about each. http://www.wmnh.com/wmima000.htm

Ammonites This page is a companion to the book: Cephalopods of the Pierre Seaway by Neal Larson. Ammonites of the Fox Hills Formation Sphenodiscus lenticularis Sphenodiscus lenticularis Sphenodiscus lenticularis Jeletzkytes spedeni Discoscaphites gulosus Discoscaphites conradi Hoploscaphites nicolleti Jeletzkytes nebrascensis Actinosepia canadensis D idymoceras nebrascense and D. stevensoni Ammonites of the Pierre Shale Didymoceras nebrascense Didymoceras stevensoni Exiteloceras jennegi Didymoceras cheyennese Didymoceras bindosam Baculites compressus Baculites compressus Placenticeras meeki Placenticeras intecalare Jeletzkytes nodosus Jeletzkytes brevis Jeletzkytes plenus Rhaeboceras halli Eutrephoceras elegans Didymoceras cf. archiacianum Solenoceras sp. Ammonites of the World Pachydiscus catarinae Nostoceras draconis Mammites depressus Brewericeras huleneuse Scaphites whitfieldi Plesioturrilites sp. Prolyelliceras sp. Dactylioceras sp. Psiloceras planorbis Epiophoceras sp. Harpoceras sp. Hoplites sp. Acanthotenthis sp. Ancyloceras sp. Cephalopods of the Pierre Seaway

62. Ammonites Provides information on ammonites with lots of fine images from the Virtual Fossil Museum. http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Galleries/Ammonites.htm

Ammonites Fossil Pictures Galleries Ammonite Fossils Also see : about Ammonites Ammonite Fossils Subclass Ammonoidea Nautiloid Fossils 1**2 + 1**2 + . . . + F(n)**2 = F(n) x F(n+1) Or, is it the ammonite's shells, originally composed of aragonite, a carbonite mineral, which is unstable at standard temperature and pressure, and reverts to calcite over tens of millions of years. Actually, the shells inner surfaces had layers of nacre, or mother of pearl, an iridescent organic-inorganic composite (aragonite plates separated by proteins) secreted by the epithelial cells of some mollusk. During fossilization, the nacreous layer of some ammonites was chemically transformed into an iridescent material called ammolite, which is aragonite with varying mineral impurities that is considered to be an opal-like gemstone. Upper Silurian to Lower Devonian , to their extinction with the dinosaurs, ammonites left their shell remains across the globe. Ammonites cyclically declined and radiated through the many extinction events that punctuated the

63. Ammonoidea Information about the biology of ammonoids and the three orders the Goniatitida, Prolecanitida and Cerititida. http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/palaeofiles/permian/ammonoidea.html

Ammonoidea -Marine mollusc with straight, curved or coiled shell. -Soft bodied "foot" is modified to ring of tentacles around mouth. -Shell is composed mostly of aragonite and is filed with gas to govern buoyancy. -Group evolved from the Nautiloidea in Silurian times with an increase in complexity of the suture line, and migration of the siphuncle to the outer margin of the shell. -Represented by three orders: the Goniatitida, Prolecanitida and Cerititida. -Goniatitida were the bulk of Permian ammonoids, but were suffering decline throughout the Permian. -Suffered abupt extinction of remaining genera at P-T boundary. -One goniatite genus seen in basal Triassic which dies out very quickly. -Prolecanitida were small order which was declining throughout Permian. -Only just survived across P-T boundary, before dying out completely in the first Triassic epoch. -Cerititida evolved and diversified from the Prolecanitida as they were declining in the Late Permian. -The order quickly diversified before being decimated by the extinction event. -Reappear as Lazarus taxa in the Early Triassic, again rapidly radiating to become dominant ammonoid order. -Triassic cerititid "newcomers" first started to evolve before the Mesozoic.

64. Cephalopod International Advisory Council - CIAC - Squid - Octopus - Cuttlefish Supports and encourages cephalopod research and communication among cephalopod researchers by means of meetings, workshops, and a newsletter. http://www.abdn.ac.uk/CIAC/

Cephalopod International Advisory Council CIAC Latest updates: 09/09/10 (news) News Newsletter February 2010 The next CIAC conference - Brazil 2012 What is CIAC? What is CIAC? The "Council" CIAC By-laws A brief history of CIAC ... Previous CIAC officers and Council members CIAC Activities The FASTMOLL mailing list Previous CIAC conferences and CIAC-endorsed conferences CIAC Best Scientific Paper Award Encyclopedia of Life Ethics in cephalopod research Proposed t ransformation of CIAC into a membership-based society Other resources Cephalopod links Absent friends A copy of the original CIAC web page CIAC Conference 2012 - Brazil Cephalopod International Advisory Council Symposium: Brazil, 2012 Slide show (pdf) Brazil will become the first South American nation to host a CIAC symposium, as the country won a majority of the votes of the CIAC Executive Council in Vigo. Brazil is also much in evidence in the world as the first South American country to host the Olympic Games of 2016. In between, the country will also host the 2014 World Cup. It seems that the time has come for Brazil, the largest and the only Portuguese speaking country in South America. The main rationale for a CIAC symposium in South America was that the cephalopod researcher community has grown considerably in this continent in last few years. This can be partially explained by the development of cephalopod research in nearly all South American countries, but also by the demand of knowledge on important commercially exploited cephalopods (e.g.

65. Cephalopoda Fossil Record Provides an illustration showing the time ranges and diversities of the three cephalopod subclasses and discusses why some groups survived while the others died out. http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Cephalopoda/fossil.html

Fossil Record The fossil record of cephalopods is rich, with over 7500 species recorded. The illustration below shows the time ranges and diversities of the three cephalopod subclasses (from E. Clarkson). The earliest known cephalopod is Plectronoceras from the Cambrian of China, approximately 520 million years (My) old. At the end of the Cambrian there was a phase of explosive radiation among the cephalopods and this continued into the Early Ordovician. During this period, the order Endoceratida gave rise to many other orders, together forming the subclass Nautiloidea, of which the order Nautilida was the last to arise, approximately 410 My ago. However by the end of the Triassic, all the members of this subclass had become extinct apart from Nautilus, which has survived to the present day. Many nautiloids became extinct during the Devonian. Then, the subclass Ammonoidea arose, a group whose members were exceptionally well adapted to life in the deep ocean as their shells could resist implosion. They may also have been ecological specialists that could adopt a wider range of life modes than the scavenging nautiloids. Ammonoids were hit hard by the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions, but they recovered in the Jurassic to become dominant marine predators, the famous ammonites. The Ammonoitida finally became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous, at the same time as the belemnites (and the dinosaurs of course). How did Nautilus survive, when all its relatives died out long ago? Some have suggested that it might have been because

66. The EuroSquid World-Wide Web Page s of current cephalopod research, a directory of researchers, links to publications, and cephalopod news....... http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~nhi104/

Research page Personal Web Page GJP 26/11/06

67. Jurassic Ammonites And Fossil Brachiopoda Systematic collection of fossil cephalopoda with ammonites of typical faunas. Also includes myths and legends about ammonites. http://pagesperso-orange.fr/jean-ours.filippi/anglais/

Welcome to our ammonite and brachiopod fossil homepage. Our systematic collection comes from the Jurassic, Pliensbachian (Carixian and Domerian), Bathonian and Kimmeridgian of Middle France. More about Cephalopoda in the Introduction so as in Myths and Legends. Jurassic ammonites Bathonian fossils Pliensbachian fossils Kimmeridgian fossils ... Fossil And Fossils

68. Body Position And The Functional Morphology Of Cretaceous Heteromorph Ammonites An article in Paleontographic Electronica. http://luna.geol.niu.edu/1998_1/monks/main.htm

BODY POSITION AND THE FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF CRETACEOUS HETEROMORPH AMMONITES Neale Monks and Jeremy R. Young ABSTRACT Previous analyses of ammonite functional morphology have assumed that the animal filled the entire body chamber, and that movement of the animal (such as withdrawal of the head and arms into the shell) had little effect on orientation. An alternative anatomy is proposed here: the ammonite animal was small, mobile, and capable of moving away from the aperture when threatened. The effect of this anatomy on the hydrostatics of aspinoconic, ancycloconic, and hamiticonic heteromorph ammonites is analysed. This analysis suggests that movement of the body would significantly alter the distribution of mass and hence orientation. Neale Monks and Jeremy R. Young , Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 5BD, UK. Key Words: ammonite, functional morphology, body chamber, anatomy, aperture, hydrostatics, aspinoconic, ancycloconic, hamiticonic, heteromorph, Ancycloceratida, Lower Cretaceous Submission: 27 May 1997 Acceptance: 23 November 1997 http://www.nhm.ac.uk/paleonet/PalAss/PalAss.html

69. DISCOVERING FOSSILS | What Is An Ammonite? Provides photographs and information on ammonites, how they evolved, how they lived and what the shell reveals of the creature that lived within. Also offers the opportunity to join other fossil hunters at events in the UK. http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/Ammonites.htm

Home Fossil hunts Locations Resources ... Contact Established 2002 You are here: Home Resources Fossil hunting code Contact details Written and designed by Roy Shepherd ©2010. Special thanks to my wife Lucinda Shepherd and friend Robert Randell for their support, and also to the authors whose works have been consulted. What is an ammonite? Left: A pyritised ammonite found at Charmouth Right: A giant chalk ammonite exposed on the foreshore at Peacehaven Ammonites are perhaps the most widely known fossil, possessing the typically ribbed spiral-form shell as pictured above. These creatures lived in the seas between 240 - 65 million years ago, when they became extinct along with the dinosaurs. The name 'ammonite' (usually lower-case) originates from the Greek Ram-horned god called Ammon. Ammonites belong to a group of predators known as cephalopods, which includes their living relatives the octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus (see pictures below). Octopus Squid Cuttlefish Nautilus How did ammonites evolve? How did ammonites live?

70. Your Group: Fossil Groups Provides information on the Ammonoidea which are the only extinct subclass of the Cephalopoda, their anatomy, major orders, fossil record and web links. http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/ammonoidea/

Ammonites Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Ammonoidea Outer pictures are of Kerberites giganteus and Lytoceras fimbriatum taken with permission of the University of Bristol. Centre plate displays a variety of ammonoid forms by Ernest Haeckel (1899) in his work Artforms of Nature (source: wikipedia). The Cephalopods are the most advanced and complex form of the phylum mollusca; they have roamed the seas since the upper Cambrian 500 million years ago and can still be found in all the worlds' oceans today. The Class cephalopoda can be separated into three subclasses consisting of: ammonites zone fossil . The high preservation potential of the ammonoid shell and relative abundance make its appearance in the sedimentary record invaluable for palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiological research. Characters and anatomy Major orders and suborders Fossil record Glossary ... Literature and web links Author: Nick Loughlin Last updated: 18/11/06 Return to Fossil groups home page Websites produced by students on the MSc Palaeobiology programme in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol for academic year 2006-7

71. Paleozoic.org: Gallery Of Fossil Images Photograph of an ammonite fossil where the soft parts have been replaced by pyrites, provided by Paleozoic.org, the free online fossil resource. http://www.paleozoic.org/pages/gallery-8.htm

Paleozoic.org Image Gallery [pictured] Microscope photograph of a pyritized Jurassic ammonite from Dorset, England. The area of view is approximately 4mm across. The suture pattern is visible top center and bottom left. This specimen was provided by: Notkin.net

72. Paleozoic.org: Gallery Of Fossil Images Photograph of several fossils of Deshayesites deshayesi provided by Paleozoic.org, the free online fossil resource. http://www.paleozoic.org/pages/gallery-3.htm

Paleozoic.org Image Gallery [pictured] Ammonites in matrix (Deshayesites deshayesi) This specimen was provided by Rotonda Rock, Englewood, Florida www.rotondarock.com

73. Albian_Ammonoidea Provides an overview of the rich ammonite fauna in the English Albian in Kent. http://www.gaultammonite.co.uk/Pages/Ammonoidea/Introduction_to_the_Albian_Ammon

THE AMMONOIDEA An overview of the Albian Ammonoidea of Kent, UK Adapted from the systematic account of the Ammonoidea in the 1966 Geol. Soc. Memoire on the Geology of the country around Canterbury and Folkestone The richness of the ammonite fauna in the English Albian is due in part to favourable conditions of preservation but also reflects a world-wide burst of evolutionary activity that took place in the group towards the end of the Lower Cretaceous. With few exceptions Albian ammonites belong to the "Trachyostraca", the highly ornamented types that are believed to have flourished in the shelf seas, and nearly all of these belong to two superfamilies ( Hoplitaceae and Acanthocerataceae ) within the suborder Ammonitida and the superfamily Turrilitaceae within the suborder Ancyloceratida The Hoplitaceae takes in Pseudosonneratia Protohoplites and Otohoplites occurring in the mammillatum Zone of the Folkestone Beds, the ventrally grooved ammonites Hoplites Euhoplites Anahoplites and Dimorphoplites , which dominate the Lower Gault, and Epihoplites Callihoplites and the rare Discohoplites , which characterise the Upper Gault. Also included among the Hoplitids are

74. Ammonites The American Museum of Natural History provides information on these extinct marine animals which thrived in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras. http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/expeditions/treasure_fossil/Treasures/Ammonites/

75. Barton Beds Gastropods - Scaphopod - Cephalopod Photographs of the fossil shells of molluscs from the UK. http://www.dmap.co.uk/fossils/barton/gast/bartgast.htm

Barton Beds Gastropods - Scaphopod - Cephalopod Click on an image to view it at full resolution Calliostoma nodulosum (Solander) 16mm Pictoneritina passyana (Deshayes) 7mm Pictoneritina passyana (Deshayes) 14mm Bayania fasciata (J. Sowerby) 8mm Bayania sp. Entomope bartonensis (Edwards MS) 2mm Pseudocirsope sp. Nozeba eulimoides (Cossmann) 2.5mm Lapparentia incerta (Edwards MS) 4.5mm Hydrobia sp. Sellia pulchra de Raincourt 3mm Stenothyra ?parvula (Morris) 1.8mm Pusillina nana (Lamarck) 1.5mm Alvania burtoni Alvania bartonensis (Edwards) 2.5mm Alvania barreti (Morlet) 2mm Rissoina raincourti Cossmann 3mm Rissoina raincourti Cossmann 4mm Keilostoma minus (Deshayes) 12mm Tornus ditropis (Edwards MS) 6.5mm Circulus politus (Edwards MS) Morlet 3mm Solariorbis sp. Teinostoma dubium (Lamarck) 3mm Teinostoma sp. Haustator editus (Solander) 35mm Haustator conoideus (J. Sowerby) 50mm Haustator elongatus (J. Sowerby) 27mm Haustator concinnus (Edwards MS) 21mm "Turritella" sp. Mathilda bourdoti de Boury 3.5mm Mathilda bourdoti de Boury 5.0mm

76. Cuttlefish: The Sentient Cephalopods This page includes a true story of human-cuttlefish interaction, and several photographs. http://www.heptune.com/cutfish.html

The Cuttlefish of Sentosa by Brenna Lorenz Reproduction of any part of site without express permission is strictly prohibited. All photos of the cuttlefish of Sentosa are by Brenna Lorenz. South of the city of Singapore is an island called Sentosa. Sentosa has been converted into a tourist haven, and you can reach it by cable car. The most interesting attraction there, for us, was the aquarium. These cuttlefish live there in a huge floor-to-ceiling tank. When we first approached them, they were all lined up, hovering, facing us, watching the tourists. Some of them lurked back in the rocks, others were closer to the front of the tank, but all of them were facing the same direction. Except for the undulations of their fins and the languid posturing of their tentacles, they were motionless. Their bodies rippled with changing color patterns. We all stood and stared at them, and they stood and stared back at us. We found the positioning of their tentacles fascinating. It looked so purposeful. We speculated as to whether they were communicating among themselves with the color changes and the tentacle positions. One of us suggested that we try talking to them using our fingers as tentacles. Each of us came close to the glass, put our fingers in front of our faces, and arranged our fingers in gestures similar to theirs.

77. Octopus - Travel Methods And Great Deal Of Other Information. Information on the family Octopoda, including locomotion, anatomy, species and cephalopod literature. http://www.octopus.com

Home Anatomy Species Travel Books ... Your Ad Here Also known as the ‘Devil-Fish’ due to the terror their strange appearance caused early sea-farers the Octopus or “Eight Footed” cephalopod refers to the Genus Octopi, which are members of the Phylum Mollusca of the class Cephalopoda, order and family Octopoda. Characterized by their having eight “legs” which are more accurately referred to as arms, a lack of skeletal structure and unique locomotion capabilities the Octopus is an often misunderstood and much maligned creature. Each of the octopus’s arms have two rows of suction cups each of which has ‘taste sensors’ to allow it to identify food. It is able to distinguish different textures and tastes with these sensors. With the ability to regenerate lost arms and an eye on each side of its head Octopi are hardy predators with unique self defence mechanisms and very good eyesight. Octopuses have acute vision and are able to detect colors. Just like the human eye, the octopus eye consists of a light-sensitive retina, lens and two fluid-filled chambers. They are however deaf due to the fact that they lack hearing organs. Most Octopi have a globe-shaped ‘head’ or mantle that contains all the vital organs and mouth which hold a sharp beak which is used to kill and decimate prey. The brain is highly developed and they are able to learn fast. Their skin is smooth and ranges in color most normally from a tan to light brown with some coloration, but many are able to change colors by contracting skin cells filled with pigments to allow it to hide when hunting for prey. Some Octopi can even mimic other fish and objects, and their defensive arsenal includes the ability to squirt an ink like substance at an attacker to mask their getaway.

78. Cephalopod - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Information from Wikipedia on this class of marine molluscs which includes the squid, cuttlefish and octopus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopoda

Cephalopod From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Cephalopoda Jump to: navigation search Cephalopods Fossil range: Devonian – Recent (Stem-groups from Cambrian) PreЄ O S D ... Bigfin reef squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Cuvier Orders Subclass Nautiloidea Plectronocerida Ellesmerocerida Actinocerida ... Bactritida Subclass † Ammonoidea Goniatitida Prolecanitida Ceratitida ... Ammonitida Subclass Coleoidea Belemnoidea Aulacocerida Belemnitida ... Neocoleoidea (most living cephalopods) Boletzkyida Sepiida Sepiolida Spirulida ... Vampyromorphida A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda Greek plural (kephalópoda); "head-feet"). These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry , a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles muscular hydrostats ) modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish , referring to their common ability to squirt ink . The study of cephalopods is a branch of malacology known as teuthology Cephalopods became dominant during the Ordovician period, represented by primitive

79. Peg Yacobucci's Website Cephalopod paleobiology, Bowling Green State University. http://personal.bgsu.edu/~mmyacob/

Peg Yacobucci Associate Professor Department of Geology 190 Overman Hall Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH 43403 Phone: (419) 372-7982 Fax: (419) 372-7205 Email: mmyacob@bgsu.edu Home Vitae Teaching ... Students

80. Yacobucci, Margaret Cephalopod paleobiology, Bowling Green State University. http://geology.bgsu.edu/Yacobucci/CV.htm

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