61. British Cryogenics Council - Home Of The UK Cryogenic Engineering Community Scientific society which promotes the advancement of cryogenics and cryoengineering in the UK and abroad. Publisher of Cryogenics Safety Manual and Cryogenics Fluids Databook. http://www.bcryo.org.uk

Welcome Member Login Tuesday 2nd November You are here: BCC Home Home Page About BCC Events Calendar ... Contact Details Welcome to the BCC Website The British Cryogenics Council (BCC) is the natural home of Engineers working in the field of cryogenics. In 1967, the British Cryogenics Council (BCC) was founded to promote cryogenics and support the application of cryogenic processes in industry. Membership of the BCC is open to anyone with an interest in cryogenics upon payment of an annual subscription. Search for Cryogenic Companies/Products/Services available in the UK Browse by Category Browse by Organisation Name View Complete List BCC Meetings See below: View the 2010 - 2012 Events Diary Webmaster Contact: webmaster@bcryo.org.uk

62. Alexey Dushkin - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Alexey Nikolayevich Dushkin (24 December 1904 – 8 October 1977) was a Soviet architect, best known for his 1930s designs of Kropotkinskaya and Mayakovskaya stations of Moscow Metro. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Dushkin

Alexey Dushkin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Alexey Nikolayevich Dushkin Personal information Nationality Russian Born December 24, 1904 Alexandrovka, Kharkiv Region Died October 8, 1977 Moscow Work Buildings Moscow Metro stations Projects Palace of Soviets Awards Stalin Prize Alexey Nikolayevich Dushkin (24 December 1904 – 8 October 1977) was a Soviet architect, best known for his 1930s designs of Kropotkinskaya and Mayakovskaya stations of Moscow Metro . He worked primarily for subway and railroads and is also noted for his Red Gates administrative building, one of Seven Sisters Contents Early years (1904-1934) Dushkin's Metro (1934-1943) Kropotkinskaya (1935) Ploshchad Revolyutsii (1938) ... edit Early years (1904-1934) Alexey Dushkin studied chemistry in Kharkiv for three years since 1921, then transferred to architectural college and graduated in 1930. Dushkin worked in city planning, setting up zoning plans for Donbass towns; he co-designed a college building in Kharkiv in 1932. Dushkin associated himself with VOPRA , a left-wing artistic association led by Arkady Modrvinov and Karo Alabyan . In 1932, Dushkin applied for the

63. INTiBS PAN Part of the Polish Academy of Sciences, in Wroclaw, Poland. Includes information about the departments of superconductivity, and low temperatures. http://www.int.pan.wroc.pl/?lang=en

64. The Nobel Prize In Physics 1996 Awarded to David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, and Robert C. Richardson. The press release contains a good (technical) discussion of the superfluidity of helium-3. http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1996/

Home FAQ Press Contact Us ... Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 About the Nobel Prizes Facts and Lists Nobel Prize in Physics All Nobel Prizes in Physics ... Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies Sort and list Nobel Prizes and Nobel Laureates Create a List All Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize Awarded Organizations Women Nobel Laureates Nobel Laureates and Universities Prize category: Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature Peace Economics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 Summary Press Release Illustrated Information ... Other Resources David M. Lee Douglas D. Osheroff Robert C. Richardson The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 was awarded jointly to David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff and Robert C. Richardson "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" TO CITE THIS PAGE: MLA style: "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996". Nobelprize.org. 2 Nov 2010 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1996/ About Nobelprize.org Technical Support Home FAQ ... Contact Us

65. Pipe Freezing | Kent | CCT Pipefreezing Ltd On-site pipefreezing service to enable valve replacement or pipework modification. In Surrey, England. http://www.cctpipefreezing.com/

Read more... Home About Pipefreezing Services ... Site map Registered Office 51 Norwood High Street, London SE27 9JS Registered in England and Wales Registration no: 2940769

66. Richardson: What Remains? An article by Robert C. Richardson of Cornell University, written in 1981. http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/Nobel/RCR/what_remains.html

Low temperature science - what remains for the physicist? Robert C. Richardson wrote a Physics Today article on low temperature physics. We've scanned it in for your perusal. Robert C. Richardson, ``Low temperature science - what remains for the physicist?'', Physics Today 46 (August 1981), Page 1, page 2, page 3, page 4, ... page 5. Other Links Nobel Announcement The Original Paper(s) The Science Behind the Prize Bob Richardson's Home Page, Dave Lee's Home Page, Doug Osheroff's Home Page Quicktime Movie by Bob Richardson, exerpted from A World Without Disorder: Absolute Zero Temperature Cornell News Service Release Low temperature science - what remains for the physicist?'' , Robert C. Richardson, Physics Today, August, 1981, p. 46. Cornell Low Temperature Group Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics , and entertaining descriptions of the science done in LASSP. Last modified: October 9, 1996 Jim Sethna, sethna@lassp.cornell.edu

67. 1/29/92 - What Is Absolute Zero? An answer from the Lansing State Journal in Michigan, January 29, 1992. http://www.pa.msu.edu/~sciencet/ask_st/012992.html

What is absolute zero? (Lansing State Journal, January 29, 1992) Question submitted by: W. Thomson of Lansing Temperature is a physical quantity which gives us an idea of how hot or cold an object is. The temperature of an object depends on how fast the atoms and molecules which make up the object can shake, or oscillate. As an object is cooled, the oscillations of its atoms and molecules slow down. For example, as water cools, the slowing oscillations of the molecules allow the water to freeze into ice. In all materials, a point is eventually reached at which all oscillations are the slowest they can possibly be. The temperature which corresponds to this point is called absolute zero. Note that the oscillations never come to a complete stop, even at absolute zero. Scientists - especially those who study what happens to things when they become very, very cold - commonly use the Kelvin scale, with temperatures measured in Kelvin (K). This scale uses the same temperature steps as the Celsius scale, but is shifted downward. On this scale, water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373 K. Only on the Kelvin temperature scale does absolute zero actually fall at K. The accompanying diagram compares the three temperatures scales.

68. Steven Chu, Former Bell Labs Researcher, Wins Nobel In Physics Using lasers to trap and cool molecules for study. Nobel Prize for Chu, Phillips, and Cohen-Tannoudji. http://www.bell-labs.com/user/feature/archives/chu/

Former Bell Labs Scientist Steven Chu Wins Nobel Prize The idea of using lasers to trap and cool molecules for study began over a lunchtable conversation at Bell Labs in Holmdel, N.J. more than 10 years ago. Today, because of his idea, former Bell Labs researcher Steven Chu is one Nobel Prize in Physics richer. Holmdel, N.J (October, 1997) An idea that sprang up over lunch at a Bell Labs cafeteria a little more than a decade ago has led Steven Chu to the most coveted honor in science. On Oct. 15, the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Chu, now at Stanford University, and two others, William Phillips and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, for their development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Steven Chu The research that drew the attention of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences began at Bell Labs in Holmdel. A dozen years ago, Arthur Ashkin and Chu used to discuss physics regularly at the Holmdel cafeteria. They were interested in manipulating atoms at low temperatures. An idea that arose during one of those lunches led to a series of experiments by Chu, Ashkin, John Bjorkholm, Alex Cable, and Leo Holberg. Chu left Bell Labs in 1987 to take up a professorship at Stanford, where he continued his work in low-temperature physics. Ashkin Pioneered "Optical Trapping"

69. Download Cool Simulation Download page for free copies of several Cool Simulations. http://webphysics.davidson.edu/alumni/jocowan/Cooldown.htm

Download "Cool" Simulation (Version 1.1) If you get one of these files, LET ME KNOW , so I can keep you informed of upgrades! Cool (2.1MB and loads of fun) This .Zip file includes the .Exe, .Hlp, and .Dll files as well as other supporting files for Visual Basic. Download the .Zip and unzip it. Then, run the Setup.exe program. Enjoy!! Exsetup Movie Here it is!! (after much sweat and conversion) This .AVI shows the experimental setup for laser cooling and trapping. Play it in Cool or on any .AVI movie player Cold Cesium This is a movie shows a cold, dense cloud of cesium atoms created in the laboratory!! Trap! This .AVI shows the Magneto-Optic Trap (MOT). Its starts with optical molasses and then suddenly the magnetic field gradient is applied and the trap forms. The field is turned off and the cloud slowly spreads. Optical Molasses Here is a simulation created using Cool . It demonstrates what "Cool" people call Optical Molasses. Try it out! (or just make your own!) Dark MOT Another simulation which demonstrates a dark magneto-optic trap (MOT). Download this or make your own!

70. ColdQuanta: Cold Quanta, Ultracold Atom And BEC Devices, Instruments, Atom Optic A developer and supplier of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) and cold atom devices, instruments and systems. http://www.coldquanta.com

ColdQuanta Home ColdQuanta Founders Products Bose-Einstein Science ... Contact Now Available: ColdQuanta focuses on the development of BEC (Bose-Einstein Condensate) generating devices and systems, allowing them to be accessible to a wide range of research, educational, and industrial institutions. Our products are intended for use in scientific and industrial applications requiring high performance and reliability. Products: : the optics industry’s first commercial instrument designed to enable the production of BEC’s and related forms of ultracold matter. This device helps create exciting opportunities for researchers and applicators wishing to develop further the strides made in Atomic, Molecular and Optical (AMO) physics over the last two decades. MiniMOT : ultra-high vacuum cell, rubidium source, excellent optical access and an ion pump in a compact cost-efficient package. Contact us about semi-custom atom chips ColdQuanta Home ColdQuanta Founders Products ... Contact

71. Bose-Einstein Condensation At NIST Several research groups in the Physics Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are working on different aspects of BEC and the physics of ultracold quantum gases. http://bec.nist.gov/

Brief history of BEC at NIST "Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor," by James Faller, in A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology , NIST Special Publication PDF 671 kB "Observations of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor," M.H. Anderson, J.R. Ensher, M.R. Matthews, C.E. Wieman, and E.A. Cornell, Sci. PDF 1.6 MB Other Publications: "Emergence of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas," M. Greiner, C.A. Regal, and D.S. Jin, Nature PDF 186 kB "Lifetime of molecule-atom mixtures near a Feshbach resonance in K," C.A. Regal, M. Greiner, and D.S. Jin (2003). ( PDF 140 kB "The Atom Laser," E.W. Hagley, L. Deng, W.D. Phillips, K. Burnett, and C.W. Clark, Opt. Photon. News, May 2001. ( PDF 967 kB "Generating Solitons by Phase Engineering of a Bose-Einstein Condensate," J. Denschlag, J.E. Simsarian, D.L. Feder, C.W. Clark, L.A. Collins, J. Cubizolles, L. Deng, E.W. Hagley, K. Helmerson, W.P. Reinhardt, S.L. Rolston, B.I. Schneider, and W.D. Phillips, Sci. PDF 1007 kB "Onset of Fermi Degeneracy in a Trapped Atomic Gas," B. DeMarco and D.S. Jin, Sci.

72. Diversified Cryogenics Home Cryogenic Processing improves the life of your guns, engines, instruments, and tools. Located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. http://www.diversifiedcryogenics.com/

Innovation in Deep Cryogenic Tempering If you're looking for ways to improve productivity and reduce costs, you've come to the right place. Deep cryogenic tempering dramatically improves the performance of many ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, like high carbon tool steels, carbide, aluminum, even titanium. The process works! Our customers have experienced huge performance improvements from cryogenic tempering. Race car drivers have seen brake rotor life double or triple. Varmint shooters and bench rest marksmen wouldn't fire a single round without a cryo-treated weapon. Screw machine operators report three, five, even eight times normal output on cryo treated tools. Plant managers tell us that productivity has increased because machine downtime has been reduced. Even Chief Financial Officers and Fleet Administrators like cryogenics. Why? Because production and maintenance costs are much lower. Need proof? Just look at the

73. Cryogenic Engineering Specializes in deep cryogenic tempering, extending the useful life of tools, metal parts, plastics and other materials. In Cedar Rapids, IA. http://www.cryoeng.com/

Cryogenic Engineering will provide you the "Cold Edge" for increased performance and durability. Cryogenic Engineering specializes in deep cryogenic tempering. We offer our customers a cost effective means of improving performance and extending the useful life of tools, metal parts, plastics and many other materials. Applications include manufacturing, agricultural, motorsports, firearms, musical instruments, sports equipment and many more. Let us show you how deep cryogenic tempering can decrease your costs and increase you profits. Contact Information Cryogenic Engineering 1119 Wenig Rd NE Cedar Rapids, IA. 52402 Phone FAX E-Mail General Information: lbaych@cryoeng.com Director of Sales: tharker@cryoeng.com [ Home ] Tooling Firearms Sports Equipment Motorsports ... About Us... Send mail to service@iowaelectronics.com with questions or comments about this web site. Last modified: August 25, 2009

74. Home - COLDfire Technology, LLC Custom-built cryogenic systems and treatment of items to increase strength and durability. In Duluth, GA. http://www.coldfire.com/

@import url(/extension/ezwebin/design/ezwebin/stylesheets/core.css); @import url(/extension/ezwebin/design/ezwebin/stylesheets/pagelayout.css); @import url(/extension/ezwebin/design/ezwebin/stylesheets/content.css); @import url(/extension/ezwebin/design/ezwebin/stylesheets/websitetoolbar.css); @import url(/var/storage/packages/eZ-systems/ezwebin_design/files/default/file/classes-colors.css); @import url(/var/storage/packages/eZ-systems/ezwebin_design/files/default/file/site-colors.css); @import url("/extension/coldfire/design/coldfire/stylesheets/coldfire.css"); Eng Site map Login Search text: Skip to main content About Us Our Patented Technology Testing Capabilities ... Contact Us We deliver significantly improved end products and significantly decreased manufacturing costs through our three component service offering, which includes: Patented apparatus and process Customized profiles for specific materials Rapid “24 hour” turnaround Develop stringent testing protocols Optimize product performance Comprehensive benchmarking Product lifecycle analysis Identify competitive advantages True differentiation for product offering Request More Information Complete our contact form to request additional Information.

75. Deep Cryogenics Cryogenic treatment of metals, especially engine parts. In South India. http://www.dynat.com/dyna-deep-cyro.html

Deep Cryogenics In 1994 we introduced Cryogenic processing , an innovative way to considerably improve the wear resistance. Cryo-Processing: Advantages. In the process of Deep Cryogenic Tempering we have developed an advanced, computer controlled processing system for reliable treatment of materials. We treat engine components and parts at -300 o F to improve their properties. Computer technology empowers us to regulate temperatures to 1/10 of a degree, and accurately manipulate cryo treatment in accordance with the mass of your engine part. Our innovative Cryo-Procesing freezes metals to less than cryogenic levels while other deep-freeze methods, process equipment to only -120 o F takes metals to freeze less than cryogenic levels. In fact our Cryo-Processing treatment exceeds other heating and freezing methods by 200 to 400 percent. Cryo - Processing is done to improve the performance and life of metals, tools and parts. In deep cryogenic tempering metals are deep - freezed beyond cryogenic levels,to achieve appreciable increase in tensile strength, toughness and stability coupled with the release of internal residual stresses. The result-increased product life. The one-time, irreversible treatment improves the entire structure, not just the surface.

76. Cryogenics Of Indiana - Home Thermo tempering of metals for maximum performance, durability, and life. In Zionsville, IN. http://www.cryogenicsofindiana.com

Cryogenics of Indiana 555 N. 650 E Lebanon IN ph: fax: jeffcoll ins @cryogeni csofindia ... Contact Us Home Your Tempering of Metals Specialist What We Do The following is a explanation of deep Cryogenics and how it is used on an engine and its components as well as other automotive related parts.. If you look at the machined parts of an engine they appear very smooth to the naked eye and to the touch.  But if you were to look at them through a high powered microscope you could see that they are not smooth at all.  If you can envision your hand with your fingers spread apart, that is much like the machine areas before the Cryogenic treatment is performed.  During the Cryo treatment the grain structure closes much like taking your other hand and squeezing your fingers together, thus making a better bearing surface with less drag and friction and therefore improved performance. Normally you will experience a slight increase in Rockwell of a point or two, not much of a change, but still improvement in the right direction.  The big improvement is stress relief and stabilization.  Engine parts, transmission parts , or any non cryogenic treated parts you are thinking about are full of stress and just waiting to distort when it reaches racing temperatures.  All machined parts can distort if they have not been stress relieved.  Pistons can change from round to oval due to stress and temperature.  When this happens the piston drags the cylinder wall which takes horsepower away, creates heat, and wears the cylinder walls.  It then requires the engine builder to rebore the cylinders by 2 to 3 thousandths.  Cylinders that have been Cryogenic treated will normally be out of round only a 1/4 to a 1/2 of a thousandths, a big decrease in wear from a non treated cylinder.

77. NW Cryogenics Offering Cryogenic Processing Services To Enhance The Performance Cryogenic processing of metals, composites, electronics and some polymers. In Palmdale, California. http://www.nwcryo.com

78. Cryogenic Hardening - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Article from Wikipedia on how cryogenic processing works. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_tempering

Cryogenic hardening From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Cryogenic tempering Jump to: navigation search Cryogenic hardening is a cryogenic heat treating liquid nitrogen . It can have a profound effect on the mechanical properties of certain steels , provided their composition and prior heat treatment are such that they retain some austenite at room temperature. It is designed to increase the amount of martensite in the steel's crystal structure, increasing its strength and hardness , sometimes at the cost of toughness . Presently this treatment is being practiced over tool steels, high-carbon, and high-chromium steels to obtain excellent wear resistance. Recent research shows that there is precipitation of fine carbides (eta carbides) in the matrix during this treatment which imparts very high wear resistance to the steels. The transformation from austenite to martensite is mostly accomplished through quenching , but in general it is driven farther and farther toward completion as temperature decreases. In higher-alloy steels such as austenitic stainless steel , the onset of transformation can require temperatures much lower than room temperature. More commonly, an incomplete transformation occurs in the initial quench, so that cryogenic treatments merely enhance the effects of prior quenching.

79. Home Seller of new and used vacuum equipment, including cryopumps and cold heads. In Sarasota, Florida. http://home.earthlink.net/~ttl1/

TTL Automation Corp. 6382 Danner Dr. Sarasota, FL 34240 Tel: (941) 379-8262 or (877) TTL-4VAC Fax:(941) 378-3097 Vacuum Equipment Surplus Pre-owned Vacuum Equipment Including Services include: THE HIGH-TECH HIGH-VACUUM EXPERTS For All Your Vacuum Needs Back to Top TTL Automation Corp. 6382 Danner Dr. Sarasota, FL 34240 Tel: (941) 379-8262 or (877) TTL-4VAC Fax: (941) 378-3097 ttl1@earthlink.net html hit counter code

80. Brymill Has Been The World’s Leading Manufacturer Of Handheld, Liquid Nitrogen Specializes in hand-held LN2 systems for medical, veterinary, and electronics uses. Ellington, Connecticut. http://www.brymill.com/

var defaultFontSize = 75; Mark Moores, M.D., Webster Family Health Center, Dudley, MA Home Certified Repair Centers Contact Us Our Products ... Industrial Units Contemporary Pediatrics Says Click Here to read the article Brymill Cryogenic Systems: Medical and Veterinary Cryo Surgery, Industrial Cryogenic Systems, Cryosurgery, Dermatologie Main Menu Home Products Why Brymill? FAQs ... Videos Introducing the NEW Brymill Cry-Ac®Tracker® The Cry-Ac Tracker is a device that measures the temperature of the skin when spraying Liquid Nitrogen via the Cry-Ac delivery system to the selected skin lesion using the latest Infrared Sensoring technology. For more information Click Here Product Donation Program for Medical Residency Programs Does your medical residency training program include liquid nitrogen cryosurgery? Would your program be interested in receiving at no charge a terrific new cryospray device that helps residents learn how to perform liquid nitrogen cryosurgery accurately and consistently? Read more... Brymill Cryosurgery Systems Brymill ) cryosurgical and cryospray devices since 1966.

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