81. Crinoid - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Encyclopedia article on the sea lilies or feather-stars. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crinoidea

Crinoid From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Crinoidea Jump to: navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding reliable references . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (May 2008) Crinoids Fossil range: Ordovician - Recent PreЄ O S D ... Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata Subphylum: Crinozoa Class: Crinoidea Miller Subclasses Articulata (540 species) Cladida (extinct) Flexibilia (extinct) Camerata (extinct) Disparida (extinct) Crinoids , also known as sea lilies or feather-stars , are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea of the echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata). Crinoidea comes from the Greek word krinon , "a lily", and eidos , "form". citation needed Crinoids are characterized by a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms. They have a U-shaped gut, and their anus is located next to the mouth. Although the basic echinoderm pattern of fivefold symmetry can be recognized, most crinoids have many more than five arms. Crinoids usually have a stem used to attach themselves to a substrate , but many live attached only as juveniles and become free-swimming as adults.

82. Crinoidea Introduction, characteristics, phylogenetic relationships and evolution, from the Tree of Life Web Project. http://tolweb.org/Crinoidea

ToL-Reviewed Containing Groups Echinodermata Deuterostomia Bilateria Animals ... Life on Earth Other Echinodermata Crinoidea Asteroidea Somasteroidea Holothuroidea Crinoidea Sea lilies and feather stars William I. Ausich and Charles G. Messing This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms. The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right. You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species. For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification . To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.

83. Holothuroidea Introduction, characteristics, phylogenetic relationships and fossil history of the sea cucumber, from the Tree of Life Web Project. http://tolweb.org/Holothuroidea

ToL-Reviewed Containing Groups Echinodermata Deuterostomia Bilateria Animals ... Life on Earth Other Echinodermata Crinoidea Asteroidea Somasteroidea Holothuroidea Holothuroidea Sea cucumbers Alexander M. Kerr This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms. The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right. You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species. For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification . To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.

84. Sea Cucumbers - Class Holothuroidea and interesting facts....... http://oz.plymouth.edu/~lts/invertebrates/Primer/text/holothuroidea.html

Class Holothuroidea Major Attributes: Lack arms. Bilaterally symmetrical. Body wall soft rather than calcareous. Dioecious with a single gonad. Sedimentary feeders. Body surrounded by tube feet. Interior madreporite. Branched tentacles surrounding mouth that are lined with modified water vascular system. Description: The holothuroideans, Some Interesting Facts: Sea cucumbers have the ability to eviscerate parts of, or its entire internal mass to ward off prey. In a least two species, autoeviscerationoccurs on a seasonal basis, but it is not known exactly why. Sea cucumbers lack arms unlike other echinoderms. Tentacles have taken their place. Respiratory trees evolved and are found in no other echinoderm. These trees are outgrowths of the cloaca. Sea cucumbers can live from 5-10 years. They are found in all seas at all depths. Some ocean trenches contain more than 90% of the total biomass. Sea cucumbers are considered a delicacy in many countries around the world. Pertinent References in Lamson Library: Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P., Olive, P.J.W. 1988.

85. Thyonel_gemmat Taxonomy and photograph of this shallow-water sea cucumber. http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Thyonel_gemmat.htm

Back to Animals Back to Echinodermata ... Back to Completed Reports List Species Name: Thyonella gemmata Common Name: (None) I. TAXONOMY Kingdom Phylum/Division: Class: Order: Family: Genus: Animalia Echinodermata Holothuroidea Dendrochirotida Cucumariidae Thyonella Thyonella gemmata , a common shallow-water sea cucumber. Photo by J. Miller, courtesy of D. Pawson. Used with permission. Species Name: Thyonella gemmata Pourtales, 1852 Common Name: None Other Taxonomic Groupings: Subclass : Ophiuroidea Suborder : Gnathophiurina Synonymy: None

86. Isticho_badion Taxonomy, description and photograph of this sea cucumber. http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Isticho_badion.htm

Back to Animals Back to Echinodermata ... Back to Completed Reports List Species Name: Istichopus badionotus Common Name: (None) I. TAXONOMY Kingdom Phylum/Division: Class: Order: Family: Genus: Animalia Echinodermata Holothuroidea Aspidochirotida Stichopodidae Istichopus Istichopus badionotus , a sea cucumber. Photo by J. Miller, courtesy of D. Pawson. Used with Permission. Species Name: Istichopus badionotus Common Name: None Other Taxonomic Groupings: Subphylum : Echinozoa Subclass : Aspidochirotacea Synonymy: Stichopus badionotus

87. Sea Cucumber - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Wikipedia article on this class of marine animals, the sea cucumbers, with elongated bodies and leathery skin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holothuroidea

Sea cucumber From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Holothuroidea Jump to: navigation search For the food product made from sea cucumber, see Sea cucumber (food) Sea cucumber A sea cucumber Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata Subphylum: Echinozoa Class: Holothuroidea de Blainville Orders Subclass Apodacea Apodida Molpadiida Subclass Aspidochirotacea Aspidochirotida Elasipodida Subclass Dendrochirotacea Dactylochirotida Dendrochirotida Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea . They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad . Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. There are a number of holothurian species and genera, many of which are targeted for human consumption. The harvested product is variously referred to as trepang bêche-de-mer or balate Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcified structures that are usually reduced to isolated microscopic ossicles (or sclerietes) joined by connective tissue. In some species these can sometimes be enlarged to flattened plates, forming an armour. In pelagic species such as Pelagothuria natatrix (Order Elasipodida, family Pelagothuriidae), the skeleton and a calcareous ring are absent

88. Sand Dollar - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Information from Wikipedia on the classification and biology of the sand dollar. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_dollar

Sand dollar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Sand Dollar PreЄ O S D ... N Late Paleocene to Recent A live individual of Mellita quinquiesperforata from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Echinoidea Subclass: Euechinoidea Superorder: Gnathostomata Order: Clypeasteroida Suborders and families See text. Sand dollar , or Sand-dollar is a name used for many species of extremely flattened, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida . Other species within the order are not quite as flat, and are sometimes called "sea cookies" or "sea biscuits". All members of Clypeasteroida have a rigid skeleton known as a test . This is the typical remains found washed up on beaches. The living animals have a skin of motile spines covering the test. Movement is accomplished by the coordinated action of the spines. Like other sea urchins , sand dollars have five paired rows of pores . The pores are arranged in a petal-like pattern. These pores are perforations in the endoskeleton through which the podia , used in gas exchange , project from the body.

89. The CAS Echinoderm Web Page | Academy Research Abstracts from the Ninth International Echinoderm Conference with links to other related resources. http://www.calacademy.org/research/izg/echinoderm/

Academy Home Teachers Research Go Academy Research Departments Anthropology Aquatic Biology Botany Entomology ... Research Home California Academy of Sciences Research Departments: Anthropology Aquatic Biology Botany Entomology ... Scientific Publications Quick Links: Collections People Opportunities Resources California Academy of Sciences Home

90. Echinoderm Envenomation: EMedicine Emergency Medicine Offers detailed information about venomous echinoderms, as well as images of poisonous species. http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic158.htm

91. Echinoderm Newsletter - Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet Information about conferences and publications of interest to biologists. Addresses researchers within the field. http://www.nrm.se/frontpage/researchandcollections/zoology/invertebratezoology/r

92. The Shape Of Life . Echinoderms | PBS A companion website to THE SHAPE OF LIFE, an eightpart series that takes viewers to unexplored places and answers fundamental questions about the origins of life on Earth. http://www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/animals/echinoderms.html

document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js' %3E%3C/script%3E")); Includes: Sea Stars, Sea Lillies, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, Brittle Stars While the majority of animal body plans are bilateral with a distinct head and tail, echinoderms do not follow this pattern. While many echinoderms begin life as a bilateral larva, later in life they take a radical change of course. They become radial with five-part symmetry and no central brain. Echinoderms move, feed and breathe with a unique water-vascular system ending in what are called tube feet. Sea stars use their tube feet to slowly pry open clams, mussels or other prey. Some sea stars can even evert their stomach between the two shells of a bivalve and digest the soft parts inside. The bodies of echinoderms are made of hard, calcium-based plates that are often spiny and covered by a thin skin. While most echinoderms are either stationary or slow-moving, methodical animals, they are nevertheless prominent members of the marine environment. Learn more about Echinoderms in "Ultimate Animal" Website links about Echinoderms Internal skeleton made of little calcium plates Five-part symmetry Special fluid-filled system (called a water vascular system) that operates the tube feet Classification Common Name Asteroidea sea star Echinoidea sea urchin Holothuroidea sea cucumber Orthasterias koehleri sea star Pycnopodia helianthoides sunflower star Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

93. Biologia Funzionale Degli Echinodermi L area di ricerca sulla biologia funzionale degli Echinodermi dell Universit degli Studi di Milano presenta in una pagina le linee di ricerca, collaborazioni, pubblicazioni e finanziamenti. http://users.unimi.it/~echino/

Università degli Studi di Milano - Dipartimento di biologia - Sezione Zoologia e Citologia Benvenuto nell'area di ricerca sulla Biologia Funzionale degli Echinodermi dell' Università degli Studi di Milano Ultimo aggiornamento: 10/07/2003 Realizzato da Angelita Doria

94. Gallery Of Echinoderm Larvae A collection of photographs of developing starfish and sea urchins with information about each. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul00/echino.html

95. The Echinoid Directory - Natural History Museum Project based at the Natural History Museum, London, aiming to provide information for amateurs and the scientific community on this major group of marine invertebrates with a long fossil record. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/echinoid-directory/

@import url("/includes/css/research-curation/research-projects/projects/echinoid-directory/echinoid-directory.css"); Skip to page content Research and curation Business centre About us Search Home Visit us Nature online Kids only ... Tring You are here: Home Research Research projects Echinoid directory The Echinoid Directory Home Introduction Morphology Keys ... Log in Welcome to THE ECHINOID DIRECTORY Designed and created by Dr. Andrew B. Smith, The Natural History Museum, London About this site Scope and aims - how to get the most out of your visit to this site Update of changes (check here for new postings) Introduction Sea urchins - what they are, how they live and a brief history of the group Morphology and morphological terms An introductory guide to the morphology and terminology used in describing echinoids Key to the families and genera An illustrated key that helps you identify echinoids to generic level, and gives more detailed information about the families and orders Classification A hierarchical listing of all genera and higher taxa used on this site 3D models of soft tissue anatomy Images and three-dimensional models of echinoid soft tissue anatomy created by Alexander Ziegler Index to taxa Searchable, alphabetic listing of all taxonomic groups to genus level to take you straight to detailed information on that group

96. Galaxy Of Images | Smithsonian Institution Libraries Provides images from the printed books and manuscripts in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries. http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_collResult.cfm?term=Starfish - Sea

97. The Echinoid Directory - Natural History Museum Information about sea urchins, such as how they live, feed, and reproduce. There is also an alphabetic listing of their taxa. From The Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/palaeontology/echinoids/

@import url("/includes/css/research-curation/research-projects/projects/echinoid-directory/echinoid-directory.css"); Skip to page content Research and curation Business centre About us Search Home Visit us Nature online Kids only ... Tring You are here: Home Research Research projects Echinoid directory The Echinoid Directory Home Introduction Morphology Keys ... Log in Welcome to THE ECHINOID DIRECTORY Designed and created by Dr. Andrew B. Smith, The Natural History Museum, London About this site Scope and aims - how to get the most out of your visit to this site Update of changes (check here for new postings) Introduction Sea urchins - what they are, how they live and a brief history of the group Morphology and morphological terms An introductory guide to the morphology and terminology used in describing echinoids Key to the families and genera An illustrated key that helps you identify echinoids to generic level, and gives more detailed information about the families and orders Classification A hierarchical listing of all genera and higher taxa used on this site 3D models of soft tissue anatomy Images and three-dimensional models of echinoid soft tissue anatomy created by Alexander Ziegler Index to taxa Searchable, alphabetic listing of all taxonomic groups to genus level to take you straight to detailed information on that group

98. Red Sea Urchin - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Information from Wikipedia on this species, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, including its description, feeding habits, behavior and reproduction. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_sea_urchin

Red sea urchin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Red Sea Urchin Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Echinoidea Subclass: Euechinoidea Superorder: Echinacea Order: Echinoida Family: Strongylocentrotidae Genus: Strongylocentrotus Species: S. franciscanus Binomial name Strongylocentrotus franciscanus Linnaeus The Red Sea Urchin is a Sea Urchin found in the Pacific ocean, from Alaska to Baja California . It lives in shallow waters from the low-tide line to 90 m deep, and is typically found on rocky shores that are sheltered from extreme wave action. Contents Physical Description Feeding Habits Behavior and reproduction References ... edit Physical Description tube feet . Scattered among its spines are rows of tiny tube feet with suckers that help it to move and stick to the sea floor. edit Feeding Habits The animals have a mouth with special jaws (Aristotle's Lantern) located on the bottom (oral) surface. Their preferred diet is seaweeds, kelp and algae, which they scrape off and tear up from the sea floor. During larval development, urchins use bands of cilia to capture food from the water column Strongylocentrotus franciscanus juvenile, found at Cape Flattery, WA. This individual is about 1.5 cm in diameter.

99. The Sea Urchin, An Amazing Animal Article by Jean-Marie Cavanihac on these animals with many photographs of their development. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul00/urchin1.html

Sea urchin : a stinging but amazing animal by Jean-Marie Cavanihac, France The weather is nice, the sea water is warm, you are going to walk along the seashore, among wave foam which is reaching the beach and refreshing your feet.... Suddenly you sense a puncture under your toe: a sea urchin, hidden under a clump of algae, has defended itself against your foot's aggression! You are angry with the creature, because your toe is painful and also because urchin spines are very difficult to remove. But spines are its unique and passive defence against predators. (Even in its own family: the starfish which is also an ECHINODERM doesn't hesitate to eat its cousins!) (Picture: Strongylocentrotus. To console the unfortunate walker, some stages of sea urchin development are very beautiful to observe (and with no danger). At first sight, this echinoderm doesn't have an attractive appearance and it seems not to have interesting microscopic features. It is even repellent: a popular French expression about a man's avariciousness is: 'He has sea urchins inside his pockets'!

100. Who’s In Charge Here? Illustrated article by Richard L. Howey considering how creatures with no brains, such as the sea urchin, react appropriately to their surroundings. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artdec02/rhcharge.html

Who’s In Charge Here? by Richard L. Howey, Wyoming, USA Unsurprisingly, we human beings often interpret the objects and organisms around them in terms of models which we derive from our (sometimes misleading) understandings of ourselves and our experiences. A persistent and nagging question which arises regarding “simple” organisms is how they can produce astonishingly complex structures, demonstrate quite complicated behavior, and yet have only a rudimentary brain, if any, and a primitive nervous system. In part this perplexity arises because we have accepted a view of ourselves that assumes that the brain is in charge of everything we do, so we’re left with puzzles regarding how “brainless” beings can be structured the way they are and behave the way they do. Sea urchin—Eucidaris, oral view. Sea urchin—Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Sea urchin— Test of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Recently I started examining some sea urchins and, so far, I have been looking primarily at a species of Eucidaris , a tropical, club-spined echinoid, Arbacia —the “tooth pick” sea urchin

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