1. Introduction To The Fungi Brief introduction to this kingdom with links to further information. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/fungi.html

Introduction to the Fungi Of athlete's foot, champignons, and beer. . . The Kingdom Fungi includes some of the most important organisms, both in terms of their ecological and economic roles. By breaking down dead organic material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems. In addition, most vascular plants could not grow without the symbiotic fungi, or mycorrhizae , that inhabit their roots and supply essential nutrients. Other fungi provide numerous drugs (such as penicillin and other antibiotics), foods like mushrooms, truffles and morels, and the bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer. Fungi also cause a number of plant and animal diseases: in humans, ringworm, athlete's foot, and several more serious diseases are caused by fungi. Because fungi are more chemically and genetically similar to animals than other organisms, this makes fungal diseases very difficult to treat. Plant diseases caused by fungi include rusts, smuts, and leaf, root, and stem rots, and may cause severe damage to crops. However, a number of fungi, in particular the yeasts, are important "model organisms" for studying problems in genetics and molecular biology. Click on the buttons below to learn more about the Fungi.

2. Natural Perspective: Fungus Kingdom An introduction to fungi and some of the divisions which make up this kingdom. http://www.perspective.com/nature/fungi/

Page 7 of 38 Natural Perspective The Fungus Kingdom (Last modified: 3 Jan 2002) In addition to the beauty of mushrooms, fungi provide a critical part of nature's continuous rebirth: fungi recycle dead organic matter into useful nutrients. Sometimes the fungus doesn't wait for the biomatter to die, in which case the fungus is called a parasite. Many plants, however, are dependent on the help of a fungus to get their own nutrients, living in a symbiotic relationship called a mycorrhizal association . Plants aren't the only ones, however, to enjoy fungi Fungi digest food outside their bodies: they release enzymes into the surrounding environment, breaking down organic matter into a form the fungus can absorb. Mycorrhizal associates benefit from this by absorbing materials digested by the fungi growing among their roots. Fungi reproduce by releasing spores from a fruiting body. The fruit, called a mushroom, releases spores into the air, and the wind carries the spores off to start the next generation. Around 100,000 species of fungi are divided into five phyla, based largely on the characteristics of their reproductive organs. Club Fungi ( Basidiomycota When people think of mushrooms, the fruit of Basidiomycota probably comes to mind. Many mushrooms in this phylum look like umbrellas growing from the ground or like shelves growing on wood, but some, such as the

3. Fungus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia A fungus (pronounced /ˈfʌŋɡəs/; pl. fungi)) is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds (or moulds see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus

Fungus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search "Fungi" redirects here. You may be looking for Fungi (music) or Fungus (XM) Fungi Fossil range: Early Devonian –Recent (but see text PreЄ O S ... N Clockwise from top left: Amanita muscaria , a basidiomycete; Sarcoscypha coccinea , an ascomycete; bread covered in mold ; a chytrid; a Penicillium conidiophore Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota (unranked): Opisthokonta Kingdom: Fungi L. , 1753) R.T. Moore, 1980 Subkingdoms/Phyla/Subphyla Blastocladiomycota Chytridiomycota Glomeromycota Microsporidia ... Dikarya (inc. Deuteromycota Ascomycota Pezizomycotina Saccharomycotina ... Ustilaginomycotina Subphyla Incertae sedis Entomophthoromycotina Kickxellomycotina Mucoromycotina ... Zoopagomycotina A fungus (pronounced /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ ; pl. fungi)) is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds (or moulds: see spelling differences ), as well as the more familiar mushrooms . These organisms are classified as a kingdom Fungi (pronounced /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/ or /ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/ ), that is separate from

4. Fungi (1) fungi as herbs introduction to fungi of athlete’s foot, champignons, and beer forest pathology and control fungi, an introduction fifth kingdom online Tom http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/campbl31.htm

Important words and concepts from Chapter 31, by Stephen T. Abedon abedon.1@osu.edu ) for Biology 113 at the Ohio State University Course-external links are in brackets Click [ index ] to access site index Click here to access text’s website Vocabulary words are found below fungi as herbs introduction to fungi: of athlete’s foot, champignons, and beer forest pathology and control: fungi, an introduction fifth kingdom on-line ... the tree of life fungi page Chapter title Fungi (a) Fungi are heterotrophs (b) Unlike animals , "A fungus digests food outside its body by secreting powerful hydrolytic enzymes into the food. The enzymes decompose complex molecules to the simpler compounds that the fungus can adsorb and use." (c) There exist three fungal niches (i) Saprobes (i.e., absorbing nutrients from no longer living organisms) (ii) Parasites (i.e., absorbing nutrients of or derived from still living organisms, to the detriment of the organism being parasitized) (iii) Mutuals (i.e., absorbing nutrients from still-living organisms, but providing something in return, such as protection or nutrients) (d) Fungi are typically terrestrial (they probably, to a large extent, evolved on land)

5. Fungi fungi Eumycota mushrooms, sac fungi, yeast, molds, rusts, smuts, etc. Meredith Blackwell, Rytas Vilgalys, Timothy Y. James, and John W. Taylor http://tolweb.org/Fungi

Complete Containing Groups Eukaryotes Life on Earth Other Eukaryotes Choanoflagellates Animals Rhodophyta Filasterea ... Green plants Fungi Amoebozoa Cercozoa Alveolates Radiolaria ... Fornicata Subgroups Basidiomycota Ascomycota Glomeromycota Zygomycota ... Rozella spp. Fungi Eumycota: mushrooms, sac fungi, yeast, molds, rusts, smuts, etc. Meredith Blackwell, Rytas Vilgalys, Timothy Y. James, and John W. Taylor This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms. The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right. You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species. For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see

6. Fungi Eukaryotic, usually multicellular, nonmotile, heterotrophic organisms, which as a group comprise the Kingdom fungi. fungi can exist either as single cells or make up http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/F/fungi.html

BOTANY A B C ... CONTACT entire Web this site fungi Mushroom . Image: Ann Lewandowski, NRCS Soil Quality Institute Eukaryotic , usually multicellular , non-motile, heterotrophic organisms, which as a group comprise the Kingdom Fungi. Fungi can exist either as single cells or make up a multicellular body known as a mycelium , which consists of filaments known as hyphae . Most fungal cells have more than one nucleus and have cell walls made of chitin Fungi are mainly found living in damp conditions on land. Lacking chlorophyll they cannot manufacture organic material from the carbon dioxide and water in their surroundings as plants do. Many live in complete darkness since they do not depend on sunlight. Fungi rely for food on ready-made organic substances which are absorbed through the hyphae from the material on which the fungus grows. In this respect fungi resemble animals, which also need ready-made food. The hyphae often release digestive juices that liquefy the food material. Many fungi are parasites As food and water are absorbed, the hyphae of the fungus increase in length and frequently branch. Growth is far less complicated than in higher plants because fungi have no special tissues. The hyphae are simple tubular structures whose walls consist of various types of

7. Tom Volk's Christmas Fungi Light hearted look at the many uses fungi are put to in everyday life. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/xmas.html

Fungi that are necessary for a merry Christmas Tom Volk, Dept. of Biology, 3024 Cowley Hall, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA volk.thom@uwlax.edu Return to Tom Volk's Fungi Home Page http://TomVolkFungi.net This is a companion page to another one of my pages, Fungal diseases that must be overcome to have a traditional Thanksgiving dinner and was prompted by an email from Terry Hill of Rhodes University who wrote and suggested that, on that page, I should not make fungi out to always be the villain. I agree there are a number of beneficial fungi, many of which are necessary for Christmas festivities. One of the major purposes for my putting up this web page is to promote the relevance of fungi to everyday life and to special occasions. I often use this page in my classes in introductory lectures to show the relevance of fungi in daily living. It's a whole lot more fun than a dry list of what fungi are good for. Christmas trees ... and while we're at it, don't forget about that partridge where would it sit without that endomycorrhizal pear tree? and where would we get our figgy pudding without that mycorrhizal Ficus tree?

8. Fungi Perfecti: The Finest Mushroom Products For Home And Garden, Farm And Fores fungi Perfecti is a Certified Organic company specializing in gourmet and medicinal mushrooms and mushroomrelated products. http://fungi.com/

9. Fungi fungi. When you have finished this page, try the fungi Quiz. fungi are a group of organisms that at one time were considered a part of the plant kingdom and thus is being http://www.mcwdn.org/Plants/Fungi.html

FUNGI When you have finished this page, try the Fungi Quiz. Fungi are a group of organisms that at one time were considered a part of the plant kingdom and thus is being discussed at this site. Today they are in a special group called eukaryo. This group included yeast, molds, mildews and mushrooms. It is not hard to see why they are not classified within the plant kingdom any longer. They do not make their own food as green plants do, but frequently live off of other living things which makes them parasites or symbiotic, depending on their relationship with the other living organism. Parasites are organisms that live off another living thing and do not help them in return. In symbiosis, two organisms live off of one another and help one another as they live off of one another. Fungi also do not have the true roots, stems and leaf structures of many plants or structures that resemble these. Fungi are found many places. Fungi have this in common. They take in or absorb their nutrition through mycelium, a structure that is important in this process. Fungi reproduce sexually or asexually by spores or in the case of yeast by budding or by fission. In budding, an organism grows a part of of its main body and this new growth eventually breaks off to become a new organism. In fission, an organism literally splits in half, sharing important nucleic information to form a new organism. Both budding and fission are more typical of lower forms of living things as a method of reproduction. Sexual reproduction is more typical of higher forms of living organisms.

10. Fungi - Sac Fungi -- Discover Life Checklists, images, and identification guides for fungi. http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Fungi

11. Fungi: Definition From Answers.com Nucleated, usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. http://www.answers.com/topic/fungi

12. Fungi - Definition Of Fungi By The Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus And Encyclo fun gi (f n j, f ng g) n. A plural of fungus. fungi ˈfʌŋgaɪ ˈfʌndʒaɪ ˈfʌndʒɪ n (Life Sciences Allied Applications / Plants) a plural of fungus http://www.thefreedictionary.com/fungi

13. Ambrosia Fungi - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Information from Wikipedia on various fungi from the order Ophiostomatales which have a symbiotic relationship with the ambrosia beetle. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosia_fungi

Ambrosia fungi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Ambrosia fungi Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Subdivision: Pezizomycotina Class: Sordariomycetes Order: Ophiostomatales Species See text Ambrosia fungi are fungal symbionts of ambrosia beetles There are a few dozen described ambrosia fungi, currently placed in polyphyletic genera Ambrosiella Rafaella and Dryadomyces (all from Ophiostomatales Ascomycetes Probably many more species remain to be discovered. Little is known about bionomy of ambrosia fungi, as well as about their specificity to ambrosia beetle species. Ambrosia fungi are thought to be dependent on transport and inoculation provided by their beetle symbionts, as they have not been found in any other habitat. All ambrosia fungi are probably asexual and clonal edit References Mueller, U. G., N. M. Gerardo, et al. (2005): The Evolution of Agriculture in Insects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 36: 563-569. Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosia_fungi Categories Sordariomycetes Hidden categories: Articles with 'species' microformats Personal tools New features Log in / create account Namespaces Article Discussion Variants Views Read Edit View history Actions Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events ... Donate Interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia ... Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages ... Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages

14. Fungi - Definition Human consumption. Some fungi are popular as food Shiitake mushrooms, white mushrooms, puffballs, Morels, truffles and Mexican Corn smut are examples. http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Fungi

Fungi - Definition Fungi K_1033CR08-9_Yellow_fungus_on_stalk.jpg Yellow fungus. Yellow fungus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Fungi Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus ) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota Fungi occur in all environments on the planet and include important decomposers and parasites . Parasitic fungi infect animals , including humans , other mammals birds , and insects , with consequences varying from mild itching to death . Other parasitic fungi infect plants , causing diseases such as butt rot and making trees more vulnerable to toppling. The vast majority of vascular plants are associated with mutualistic fungi, called mycorrhizae , which assist their roots in absorption of nutrients and water Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Human consumption 2 Structure 3 Reproduction 3.1 Sexual ... 8 External links Human consumption Some fungi are popular as food Shiitake mushrooms white mushrooms puffballs , Morels, truffles and Mexican Corn smut are examples. Many other mushrooms are extremely

15. Fungi Imperfecti - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Information from Wikipedia on this group of anamorphic fungi, also known as fungi imperfecti or mitosporic fungi, that are known only in an asexually reproducing form. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuteromycota

Fungi imperfecti From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Deuteromycota Jump to: navigation search Imperfect Fungi Conidiophore of Aspergillus sp. Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Species See below The Fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi , also known as Deuteromycota are fungi which do not fit into the commonly established taxonomic classifications of fungi that are based on biological species concepts or morphological characteristics of sexual structures because their sexual form of reproduction has never been observed; hence the name "imperfect fungi." Only their asexual form of reproduction is known, meaning that this group of fungus produces their spores asexually. The Deuteromycota Greek for "second fungi") were once considered a formal phylum of the kingdom Fungi . The term is now used only informally, to denote species of fungi that are asexually reproducing members of the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota There are about 25,000 species that have been classified in the deuteromycota. Fungi producing the antibiotic penicillin and those that cause athlete's foot and yeast infections are imperfect fungi. In addition, there are a number of edible imperfect fungi, including the ones that provide the distinctive characteristics of Roquefort and Camembert cheese.

16. Fungi: Definition From Answers.com fungi ( fŭn ' jī ), kingdom of heterotrophic singlecelled, multinucleated, or multicellular organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. The organisms live as http://www.answers.com/topic/fungi-kingdom-fungus

var isReferenceAnswers = true; BodyLoad('s'); On this page Library Animal Life Health History, Politics, Society ... Technology Fungi Columbia Encyclopedia: Fungi Home Library Miscellaneous Columbia Encyclopedia Fungi fŭn jī ), kingdom of heterotrophic single-celled, multinucleated, or multicellular organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. The organisms live as parasites , symbionts, or saprobes (see saprophyte ). Previously classified in the plant kingdom, fungi are nonmotile, like plants, but lack the vascular tissues (phloem and xylem) that form the true roots, stems, and leaves of plants. Most coenocytic (multinucleated) or multicelluar fungi are composed of multiple filaments, called hyphae, grouped together into a discrete organism called a mycelium. The cell walls of fungi are of chitin or other noncellulose compounds. In many ways fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants, and they have been thought to share a common protist ancestor with animals. A recent classification system suggested by nucleic acid (genetic material) comparisons places the fungi with the animals and the plants in an overarching taxonomic group called the eukarya. Most fungi are capable of asexual and sexual reproduction . Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation or spore formation. Those that reproduce sexually produce gametes in specialized areas of the hyphae called gametangia. The gametes may be released to fuse into spores elsewhere, or the gametangia themselves may fuse. In some cases dikaryons [

17. Fungi Photo Gallery By Fdt At Pbase.com If you have any remarks concerning id please feel free to send me a message. http://www.pbase.com/fdt/fungi

profile all galleries >> Fungi tree view slideshow November 2010 October 2010 ... Birds Fungi Naturescapes More nature Scenery Not yet categorized ... In Box Fungi If you have any remarks concerning id please feel free to send me a message. previous page pages ALL next page Inonotus Inocybe sp. Laccaria laccata Lactarius glyciosmus Calocera viscosa Inocybe flocculosa Amanita muscaria Amanita muscaria Paxillus involutus Laccaria amethystea Piptoporus betulinus Russula claroflava Pholiota sp. Amanita rubescens Cantharellus cibarius Amanita muscaria Mycena epipterygia Mycena sp. Lycoperdon sp. Amanita gemmata Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Boletus reticulatus Laccaria laccata Amanita muscaria Hygrocybe Agaricus langei Lycoperaceae Lycoperdaceae Lentinus tigrinus Coprinus leiocephalus Clathrus ruber Clathrus ruber Microcollybia Microcollybia Schyzophyllum commune Xylaria hypoxylon ed Corticiacaea sp. Xylaria hypoxylon Tremella Mycena Gymnopilus sapineus Lactarius Lyophyllum Auricularia auricula-judae Auricularia auricula-judae Lentinus tigrinus Lentinus tigrinus Auricularia auricula-judae previous page pages ALL next page post a comment Gerald ... PM reply 05-Oct-2010 05:34 Fantastic gallery, wonderful collection, Great job !!

18. Forest Fungi Of New Zealand Photographs and information on New Zealand fungi now also including slime moulds http://www.hiddenforest.co.nz/fungi/

19. Evolution Of Fungi - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia fungi. Approximately 100,000 species of fungi have been identified. Characteristics of fungi. Most fungi grow as tubular filaments called hyphae. An interwoven mass of hyphae http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_fungi

Evolution of fungi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search The evolution of fungi has been going on since fungi diverged from other life around 1,500 million years ago, (Wang et al., 1999) with the glomaleans branching from the "higher fungi" at ~ million years ago , according to DNA analysis. (Schüßler et al., 2001; Tehler et al., 2000) Fungi probably colonised the land during the Cambrian, over million years ago but fossils only become uncontroversial and common during the Devonian, million years ago edit Early fungi A rich diversity of fungi is known from the lower Devonian Rhynie chert , an earlier record is absent. Since fungi do not biomineralise , they do not readily enter the fossil record; there are only three claims of early fungi. One from the Ordovician has been dismissed on the grounds that it lacks any distinctly fungal features, and is held by many to be contamination; the position of a "probable" Proterozoic fungus is still not established, and it may represent a stem group fungus. There is also a case for a fungal affinity for the enigmatic microfossil

20. Fact Sheet - FUNGI There are around 50,000 species of fungi including the moulds that are found on decaying vegetation. As well as larger fungi such as mushrooms, there are also mildews, smuts, rusts http://www.workershealth.com.au/facts028.html

Home Fact Sheet Menu Fact Sheet Where do fungi grow? Health effects Occupational exposure Assessing contamination ... Cleaning and disinfecting Fungi What are fungi? There are around 50,000 species of fungi including the moulds that are found on decaying vegetation. As well as larger fungi such as mushrooms, there are also mildews, smuts, rusts and many other plant disease-causing fungi. Some fungi can also cause disease in humans and animals. Fungi differ fundamentally from green plants in that they do not need light in order to grow. Instead they live on dead organic matter or as parasites on living organisms. All fungi require for growth is a readily available food source, undisturbed water and time. Fungi reproduce by the production of spores that are easily transported via air. Spores will germinate if they land on a suitable surface with adequate moisture present. Fungi may have a characteristic and unpleasant odour (mouldy smell). Where do fungi grow? Fungi will grow anywhere there is a source of food and continuous moisture. Some species are very specific and will only grow in certain places. Most indoor environments contain airborne fungal spores and levels are normally influenced by outdoor concentrations. The most common species found in buildings belong to the genera Cladosporium Penicillium Alternaria Aspergillus Eurotium and Wallemia The presence of fungi may be identified visually on suitable surface materials and by an unpleasant odour (mouldy smells). Fungi usually do not grow rapidly indoors or in large amounts if the environment is clean and dry. However, if the environment is damp high levels of airborne spores can be generated. Condensation is the principal source of moisture that promotes growth of fungi on the internal surfaces of domestic dwellings. Other factors (such as daily variation of light and temperature) can affect spore formation and growth.

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