21. Fungi Learn the language For this topic a vocabulary list is given in your lab manual. You need to know the definitions of the terms. Make flashcards for those that you http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Fungi/FungINDX.htm

Lab Topic 18 Fungal Diversity and Symbiotic Relationships Lichens and Mycorrhizae How to study for the practical Learn the language: For this topic a vocabulary list is given in your lab manual. You need to know the definitions of the terms. Make flashcards for those that you do not know and work to learn the definitions. Seek the big picture: In lab manual a list of Key Concepts and Objectives are given. Be sure that you can explain how the lab addresses or illustrates each. Apply your knowledge of terms and concepts to reality: Review the images on this www site for each lab topic in the practical. You need to develop visual memory so that you can recognize images similar to these in the lab practical questions. As you look at the images, answer any questions that given with the image. Use you lab notebook and lab manual to check your answers. Synthesize and consolidate you knowledge: Draw life cycle diagrams where you can. For each organism, know when mitosis and meiosis occur in the life cycle. Be able to describe the ploidy levels as well as the names of different life cycle stages. If there are special organs involved in sexual or asexual reproduction, know the names, functions and what they look like. Body Plan of Fungi Spores Mass of hyphae, a mycelium

22. FungiPhoto.com Mushroom Photo Catalog Beautiful, educational, and artistic photographs of mushrooms and other fungi by Taylor F. Lockwood. Includes an online game and a stock photo catalogue. http://www.fungiphoto.com/

FOR TAYLOR'S DVDs, BOOKS, POSTERS, and other items. Click here to go to his online store, KingdomofFungi.com. Over 17,000 high resolution image files available of Bioluminescent Mushrooms, Morels, Chanterelles, Boletes, Wild Mushrooms, Edible Mushrooms, Medicinal Mushrooms, Mushrooms Cooking, Mushrooms on the Cuttingboard and many more. For slower connections, Click Here For "clean" FPOs, licensing, or other information, contact Taylor Lockwood at: (352) 383-8636 (EST) or email (for spam control this must be keyed in) ©2010 Taylor F. Lockwood MUSHROOMS BY BOTANICAL NAME A B C D ... Austroboletus betula B TO TOP Badhamia utricularis Badhamia utricularis Bolbitius vitellinus ... Boletus zelleri C TO TOP Calostoma cinnibarina Cantharellus cibarius Cantharellus cibarius ... B DEF TO TOP Dictyophora duplicata Dictyophora duplicata Dictyophora indusiata ... Fomes sp. G TO TOP Ganoderma lucidum Ganoderma lucidum Ganoderma lucidum ... Gyromitra montana H TO TOP Helvella lacunosa Helvella macropus Hericium coralloides ... Hericium sp.

23. Fungi - Definition Of Fungi In The Medical Dictionary - By The Free Online Medic fungi /Fun gi/ (fun ji) L. a kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, and molds; they have rigid cell http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fungi

24. Fungi Classification Illustrated notes explaining the difference between Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes. http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/fungi/types1.htm

Promoting the British Countryside Home About us Conservation Education ... Sponsors Types of Fungi Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes Fungi with sporophores (fruiting bodies) large enough to be readily visible will usually belong to one of two main groups. The Basidiomycetes or the Ascomycetes . The main difference between these two groups is in the way in which they produce their microscopic spores. In the Basidiomycetes , the spores are produced externally , on the end of specialised cells called basidia In Ascomycetes , spores are produced internally , inside a sac called an ascus Asci and basidia are both microscopic structures. Basidiomycetes Ascomycetes Fungi with spores produced externally, on specialised cells called basidia. Typically, there are 4 spores per basidium, although this varies from 1 to many, depending on the species. Fungi with spores produced inside a sac called an ascus. Each ascus usually contains 8 spores (sometimes 4, depending on the species). For micrograph pictures of basidia and spores click here (External site) Basidiomycetes Within the Basidiomycetes, there are three main groups. These are separated by means of differences in the basidia and spores and how these are arranged on the fruiting body.

25. Fungi — FactMonster.com Encyclopedia fungi. fungi (fŭn'jī) , kingdom of heterotrophic singlecelled, multinucleated, or multicellular organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0819891.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Math Flashcards Geography Guide Seven New Wonders of the World ... The Fifty States Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Fungi Fungi key , kingdom of heterotrophic single-celled, multinucleated, or multicellular organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. The organisms live as parasites , symbionts, or saprobes (see saprophyte ). Previously classified in the plant kingdom, fungi are nonmotile, like plants, but lack the vascular tissues (phloem and xylem) that form the true roots, stems, and leaves of plants. Most coenocytic (multinucleated) or multicelluar fungi are composed of multiple filaments, called hyphae, grouped together into a discrete organism called a mycelium. The cell walls of fungi are of chitin or other noncellulose compounds. In many ways fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants, and they have been thought to share a common protist ancestor with animals. A recent classification system suggested by nucleic acid (genetic material) comparisons places the fungi with the animals and the plants in an overarching taxonomic group called the eukarya. Most fungi are capable of asexual and sexual reproduction . Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation or spore formation. Those that reproduce sexually produce gametes in specialized areas of the hyphae called gametangia. The gametes may be released to fuse into spores elsewhere, or the gametangia themselves may fuse. In some cases dikaryons [

26. Fungi Online: An Introduction To The Biology Of Fungi - Home Page Provides an introduction to the biology of fungi for students or anyone with an interest in this Kingdom. http://www.fungionline.org.uk/

Fungi Online Sections: Characteristics of fungi Fungal nutrition Growth forms Classification of fungi ... Society for General Microbiology Related web sites: Fun Facts About Fungi Fungal Cell Biology Group General Mycology Introductory Mycology ... WWW Virtual Library: Yeast Page Welcome to Fungi Online ................ the site that provides an introduction to the biology of fungi - for students studying the kingdom Fungi as part of their undergraduate bioscience course, or indeed for anyone with an interest in fungi. For additional IMAGES and MOVIES published online by the Fungal Cell Biology Group, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh visit www.fungalcell.org WARNING TO STUDENTS! This site is intended to complement your formal classes and provide a useful revision guide - it's no substitute for attending those lectures! ;-) PAGE DISPLAY: Please be aware that the web browser you use and your setting for 'Text Size' within it will influence how some of the features of this site and pages are displayed. If you experience any problems please contact us FEEDBACK: We welcome your comments on the design and content of this site. In addition, if you experience difficulties accessing any part of this site (or spot any errors!) please

27. Fungi Definition Of Fungi In The Free Online Encyclopedia. fungi (fŭn`jī), kingdom of heterotrophic singlecelled, multinucleated, or multicellular organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. The organisms live as parasites http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Fungi

28. Mycrorrhizae Part 1 Photographs of a number of fungal species which associate with plants to their mutual benefit. http://plantbio.berkeley.edu/~bruns/tour/fungi2.html

Mycorrhizal Fungi Thelephoroid#2 mycorrhizae Rhizopogon bishop pine mycorrhizae Russula amoenolens mycorrhiza one of the most common associates of bishop pine Thelephoroid #2 ectomycorrhizae ectomycorrhizae of bishop pine another Thelephoroid ectomycorrhizae on Douglas-fir double colonization by Tomentella sublilicina and Thelephoroid#2 on Douglas-fir Russula amoenolens mycorrhizae bishop pine root mycorrhizae on bishop pine (left) and douglas fir (right) showing 3 different mycorrhizal morphotypes in close proximity: Rhizopogon (white), Thelephoroid#2 (dark brown) and Russula amoenolens (yellow). of an unknown boletoid fungus on bishop pine Thelephoroid mycorrhiza Suillus pungens mycorrhizae Cenoccocum mycorrhizae infecting an orchid; not an ectomycorrhizae generally mycorrhizae of this species are very hard to find (black) with an unknown mycorrhizae on the same root Pterospora mycorrhizae The tour continues with some additional photos of mycorrhizal fungi (part 2). the beginning sample results point reyes fire introduction limantour road disturbance plots bp plots species diversity plots construction post fire - sd plots post fire - bp plots sierra nevada 1995 sierra july 1998 sierra august 1999 sierra fowm 2000 santa rosa island 2001 blodgett 2002 tomales point 2004 blodgett 2004 mclaughlin 2006 mushrooms mycorrhizae part I mycorrhizae part II rust fungi post fire fungi Bruns Lab home Last updated: Friday April 7, 2000

29. Fungi - WikiPilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia General features and distribution . The fungi have a worldwide distribution, and grow in a wide range of habitats, including deserts. Most fungi grow in terrestrial http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fungi

30. Biodiversity Fungi An introduction to the Fungus Kingdom with photographs of several species and further fungal facts. http://www.naturegrid.org.uk/biodiversity/crypfungi.html

Fungi fungi Pretty Fungi, such as the Earthstars and Scarlet Elf Cup , spellbind people. We are attracted by other Fungi such as the bright red Fly Agaric mushroom, and the unusual Bird's Nest fungi. Fungi reproduce by producing spores . These are tiny cells inside a protective coating, which grow into new Fungi. Some fungi can survive times when the weather turns hot and dry, by producing protective coatings for their spores. What are Fungi? Fungi is the name given to a strange group of living things including mushrooms, toadstools, moulds and thousands of other weird and wonderful things. It's safe to say that if you see something strange growing outside, and you're not sure what it is, it's probably a fungus. Unlike plants, Fungi cannot produce their own food. Instead they absorb nutrients from their surroundings. Types of Fungi can be very different, for example they can be colourful and jelly-like, brown and slimy, green and dusty or tall and white. They are a truly fascinating group of organisms and have been studied by people for hundreds of years.

31. Fungi Perfecti: A Gallery Of Mushroom Micrographs fungi Perfecti provides online information for the mushroom enthusiast, including publications, links, pictures, recipes and more. http://www.fungi.com/info/sems/

32. A Few Facts About Fungi fungi affect all aspects of life. Here are some of the things not commonly known about them. http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/MISCELLANEOUS/facts.htm

Return to SPECIAL OF MONTH A FEW FACTS ABOUT FUNGI 1. In the classification of living things the FUNGI are now recognized as a separate kingdom. 2. It is estimated that there are over a MILLION species of FUNGI but only about 10% have been officially described in the scientific literature. 3. As agents of PLANT DISEASE FUNGI cause annual crop losses in excess of THREE BILLION dollars annually in North America. 4. Along with the plants themselves, FUNGI are THE major players in the CARBON CYCLE A. SAPROPHYTIC FUNGI are the primary agents responsible for the biodegradation of plants and woody debris (cellulose and lignified cellulose). EIGHTY-FIVE BILLION tons of carbon is returned annually to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide by decay of cellulose and lignified cellulose. Most of this is by fungi. B. MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI form intimate associations (MUTUALISTIC SYMBIOSIS ) with the roots of higher plants. The fungal hyphae function in place of root hairs for the absorption of water and minerals. These mycorrhizal fungi can also protect the roots from attack by other fungi. Each forest tree has hundreds of thousands of kilometres of hyphae supplying it with water and inorganic salts. In return the tree supplies the fungus with sugars (carbohydrates) manufactured in its leaves. 5. BEVERAGES.

33. Fungi This is an archived version of a Tree of Life page. For upto-date information, please refer to the current version of this page. http://tolweb.org/Fungi/2377/2007.07.13

Complete Containing Groups Eukaryotes Life on Earth Other Eukaryotes Animals Choanoflagellates Stramenopiles Fungi Alveolates Rhodophyta Green plants The other protists Subgroups Basidiomycota Ascomycota Glomeromycota Chytridiomycota ... Zygomycota This is an archived version of a Tree of Life page. For up-to-date information, please refer to the current version of this page Fungi Eumycota: mushrooms, sac fungi, yeast, molds, rusts, smuts, etc. Meredith Blackwell, Rytas Vilgalys, Timothy Y. James, and John W. Taylor This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms. The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right. You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species.

34. Fungus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia An illustrated article from Wikipedia on this Kingdom which covers organisms as diverse as mushrooms, bakers yeast, wood decay fungi and penicillium. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi

Fungus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Fungi Jump to: navigation search "Fungi" redirects here. You may be looking for Fungi (music) or Fungus (XM) Fungi Fossil range: Early Devonian –Recent (but see text PreЄ O S ... N Clockwise from top left: Amanita muscaria , a basidiomycete; Sarcoscypha coccinea , an ascomycete; bread covered in mold ; a chytrid; a Penicillium conidiophore Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota (unranked): Opisthokonta Kingdom: Fungi L. , 1753) R.T. Moore, 1980 Subkingdoms/Phyla/Subphyla Blastocladiomycota Chytridiomycota Glomeromycota Microsporidia ... Dikarya (inc. Deuteromycota Ascomycota Pezizomycotina Saccharomycotina ... Ustilaginomycotina Subphyla Incertae sedis Entomophthoromycotina Kickxellomycotina Mucoromycotina ... Zoopagomycotina A fungus (pronounced /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ ; pl. fungi)) is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds (or moulds: see spelling differences ), as well as the more familiar mushrooms . These organisms are classified as a kingdom Fungi (pronounced /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/ or /ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/ ), that is separate from

35. Fungi fungi. fungi are eukaryotes and are heterotrophs that absorb (not ingest) their food. They secrete digestive chemicals into environment, where the food is “digested”, after http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/fungi.htm

36. Rust Fungi A number of photographs of rust infections. http://plantbio.berkeley.edu/~bruns/tour/fungi4.html

Rust Fungi Milesina laeviscula Peridermium harknessii Uredinopsis hashiokai uredinia western gall rust (aecia) on underside of Abies grandis Melampsora medusae Puccinia caricina Melampsoridium betulinum telia (black) and uredinia (yellow) on the underside of a Populus trichocarpa leaf aecia and spermagonia on a Ribes leaf telia Melampsora medusae Pucciniastrum goeppertianum Puccinia caricina telia telia in a stem of Vaccinium ovatum spermagonia Puccinia porphyrogenita Uredinopsis sp. Phragmidium tuberculatum teliospores on Osmorhiza hyaline sepate telia (lower center) embedded within a fern leaf teliospore Milesina laeviuscula Ravenella pringlei Melampsora laricini-populina urediniospores teliospore characteristic paraphyses and urediniospores Ravenelia pringlei Melampsorella caryophyllacearum Melampsorella caryophyllacearum teliospore on red fir an enlargement of the photo to the left The tour continues with some photos of post fire fungi at Point Reyes. the beginning sample results point reyes fire introduction limantour road disturbance plots bp plots species diversity plots construction post fire - sd plots post fire - bp plots sierra nevada 1995 sierra july 1998 sierra august 1999 sierra fowm 2000 santa rosa island 2001 blodgett 2002 tomales point 2004 blodgett 2004 mclaughlin 2006 mushrooms mycorrhizae part I mycorrhizae part II rust fungi post fire fungi Bruns Lab home Last updated: Friday April 7, 2000

37. Biological Diversity 4 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY fungi Table of Contents. Body Plans and Nutritional Mode Classification of fungi Chytridiomycota Zygomycota. Ascomycota Basidiomycota Lichens http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_4.html

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: FUNGI Table of Contents Body Plans and Nutritional Mode Classification of Fungi Chytridiomycota Zygomycota ... Fungi are almost entirely multicellular (with yeast, Saccharomyces cerviseae , being a prominent unicellular fungus), heterotrophic (deriving their energy from another organism, whether alive or dead), and usually having some cells with two nuclei ( multinucleate , as opposed to the more common one, or uninucleate , condition) per cell. Ecologically this kingdom is important (along with certain bacteria) as decomposers and recyclers of nutrients. Economically, the Fungi provide us with food (mushrooms; Bleu cheese/Roquefort cheese; baking and brewing), antibiotics (the first of the wonder drugs, penicillin, was isolated from the fungus Penicillium ), and crop parasites (doing several million dollars per year of damage). Fungi are also important aiders of plant root function, as mycorrizhae . Examples of this diverse group are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Examples of fungi. These images are from http://www.cinenet.net/users/velosa/thumbnails.html

38. Mushrooms On My Money In Honor Of President's Day Tom Volk's Fungus Of The Month Article on these fungi which which only reproduce asexually and can be found and cultured from such unexpected places as coins and bank notes. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/feb2005.html

Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for Feburary 2005 Mushrooms on my Money!?!...The deuteromycetes or Fungi Imperfecti By: Jon Palmer and Tom Volk Please click TomVolkFungi.net for the rest of Tom Volk's pages on fungi This month's FotM isn't one particular fungus, but rather several species of liberated fungi dedicated to President's Day. President's Day was originally celebrated on George Washington's birthday, Feburary 22nd. Coincidently another great president, Abraham Lincoln, was also born in Feburary. Traditionally Americans celebrated Washington's birthday on Feb. 22nd no matter what day of the week it fell on. In 1968 there was federal legislation passed to make the holiday fall on the 3rd Monday of Feburary. This was done to honor both Washington and Lincoln as well as all of the President's since. Probably the real reason to change President's Day to third Monday of Feburary was to give federal employees a three day weekend, which I'm sure a lot of people appreaciate. As some of you know, currency or money can often carry very small particles on its surface. Through a number of studies it has been shown that anywhere from 75% to 97% of one dollar bills contain detectable amounts of cocaine! At first these numbers seem staggering, but further investigation has pinpointed the culprit of most of the contamination to ATM machines and other money counting devices. One bill that has been in contact with cocaine can contaminate hundreds of other bills it touches in an ATM machine.

39. Botanical.com - A Modern Herbal | Fungi Providing botanical, folklore and herbal information, plus organic herbs, and herbal products. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/f/fungi-37.html

Botanical.com Home Page Fungi Uses of Fungi Discrimination between Edible and Poisonous Fungi Constituents Uses ... Ustilago Fungi are those plants which are colourless; they have no green chlorophyll within them, and it is this green substance which enables the higher plants to build up, under the influence of sunlight, the starches and sugars which ultimately form our food. Having no chlorophyll, fungi cannot use the energy of the sun and must therefore adopt another method of life. They either live as parasites on other living plants or animals, or they live on decaying matter. In either case they derive their energy by breaking up highly complex substances and, when these are broken up in the living plant, the living plant suffers. Many Fungi, such as the bacteria, are microscopic; others form visible growths, from moulds and mildews to the familiar mushroom and toadstools they in crease in size and conspicuousness. Fungi differ from flowering plants in theirchemical influence upon the air. They absorb oxygen and exhale carbonic acid, performing the same office in this respect as animals, which they most resemble in chemical composition. The odours they emit in decay are more like putrescent animal than vegetable matter. Some species, e.g., the Stinkhorns, emit a most intolerably offensive stench; others, on the contrary, are very agreeable to the smell and some 'toadstools' acquire in drying a fine aroma. They are quite as variable to the taste. Numerically, Fungi rank next to flowering plants and in many portions of the globe far exceed them. In Great Britain, indeed, we have just over 5,000 species of Fungi, which number exceeds that of our flowering plants, ferns, mosses, lichens and algae all added together.

40. Truffle-like Fungi In Australia Photographs and much information on these fungi whose truffle-like fruiting bodies are generally produced underground. http://www.anbg.gov.au/fungi/truffle-like.html

Australian Fungi Website Australian National Botanic Gardens Australian National Herbarium Sponsored by the Friends of the Australian National Botanic Gardens Home ANBG CPBR Fungi Truffle-like fungi in Australia Terminology - truffle, truffle-like, false-truffle, hypogeous, sequestrate What do they look like? History of study of Australian truffle-like fungi How many species are in Australia - and where do you find them? Mycogeography of truffle-like fungi ... Plants, animals and spore dispersal Introduction The truffle-like fungi differ from the bulk of the fungi discussed on this website, in that the truffle-like fruiting bodies are generally produced underground and have lost the ability to forcibly discharge their spores. The truffle-like fungi have been better studied than many other fungal groups in Australia - but 'better studied' does not mean 'thoroughly known'. Each year, field work reveals more species and is exposing a surprising richness of those fungi in this country. At this point it's worth reminding you that macrofungal ascomycetes and basidiomycetes SEE TWO MAJOR GROUPS SECTION ) are the focus of this website, so only the ascomycete and basidiomycete truffle-like fungi will feature here. There are various other truffle-like fungi that won't be dealt with here. For those wishing to follow them further here are some genera which you can look for in the fungal literature or use in internet search engines:

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