1. Greenhouse Gases - Climate Lab Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are gases , both natural and anthropogenic, that trap heat in the atmosphere. Radiation from the sun reaches the earth in the form of short wave radiation http://climatelab.org/Greenhouse_gases

2. GREENHOUSE GASES www.solarnavigator.net Greenhouse Gases, mankind, industrialisation and fossil fuels as the causes of global warming. http://www.solarnavigator.net/greenhouse_gases.htm

GREENHOUSE GASES HOME BIOLOGY FILMS GEOGRAPHY ... SPORT Greenhouse gases are components of the atmosphere that contribute to the Greenhouse effect. Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, while others result from human activities such as burning of fossil fuel and coal. Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The "Greenhouse effect" When sunlight reaches the surface of the Earth, some of it is absorbed and warms the Earth. Because the Earth's surface is much cooler than the sun , it radiates energy at much longer wavelengths than does the sun. The atmosphere absorbs these longer wavelengths more effectively than it does the shorter wavelengths from the sun. The absorption of this longwave radiant energy warms the atmosphere; the atmosphere also is warmed by transfer of sensible and latent heat from the surface. Greenhouse gases also emit longwave radiation both upward to space and downward to the surface. The downward part of this longwave radiation emitted by the atmosphere is the "greenhouse effect." The term is a misnomer, as this process is not the mechanism that warms greenhouses.

3. Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases. Despite their relative scarcity, the socalled greenhouse gases play an important role in the regulation of the Earth's energy balance. http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Climate_Change/Older/Greenhouse_Gases.html

Greenhouse Gases Despite their relative scarcity, the so-called greenhouse gases play an important role in the regulation of the Earth's energy balance . Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap infrared heat energy trying to escape back to space. In doing so they raise the temperature of the lower atmosphere and the Earth's surface in contact with it. This warming process is called the natural greenhouse effect , but during the last 200 years, mankind's pollution of the atmosphere with extra greenhouse gases has enhanced this natural greenhouse effect that may be contributing to global warming Greenhouse gases include any gas in the atmosphere that is capable, as a result of its particular molecular structure, of absorbing infrared radiation or heat. They are called greenhouse gases because they behave like glass in a greenhouse gas, allowing sunlight to pass through but trapping the heat formed and preventing it from escaping, thereby causing a rise in temperature. Natural greenhouse gases include water vapour or moisture, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and even ozone, which is more commonly associated with the ozone layer and ultraviolet radiation. The amounts of all these gases in the atmosphere are now being increased as a result of man-made processes, such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, for example, has increased by 30% since the 18 th century, whilst levels of methane have more than doubled. Water vapour, whilst not directly released by man-made processes in substantial quantities, may be increasing as a result of

4. Greenhouse Gases - MarketsWiki, A Commonwealth Of Market Knowledge Greenhouse gases (GHGs) allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely. When sunlight strikes the earth’s surface, some of it is reflected back towards space as infrared radiation http://www.marketswiki.com/mwiki/Greenhouse_gases

hookEvent("load", ss_ajax_onload); Greenhouse gases From MarketsWiki Jump to: navigation search CCX CCFE ... Climate Exchange Greenhouse gases (GHGs) allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely. When sunlight strikes the earth’s surface, some of it is reflected back towards space as infrared radiation (heat). Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere. Over time, the amount of energy sent from the sun to the earth’s surface should be about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving the temperature of the earth’s surface roughly constant. Many gases exhibit these “greenhouse” properties. Some of them occur in nature, while others are exclusively human-made. The principal greenhouse gases that enter the atmosphere because of human activities are: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) : Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), solid waste, trees and wood products, and also as a result of other chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is also removed from the atmosphere (or “sequestered”) when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle. Methane (CH4) : Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.

5. Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases. Greenhouse gases are naturally found in air. They include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. They trap heat in the atmosphere and keep the Earth's surface http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Global_Warming/Younger/Greenhouse_Gases.html

Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse gases are naturally found in air. They include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. They trap heat in the atmosphere and keep the Earth's surface much warmer than it would be if there was no atmosphere. This warming effect is called the natural greenhouse effect . In the last 200 years, the amount of greenhouse gases in the air has been increasing, due to human activities. Mankind has been increasing the amount of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the air, and has even been adding completely new greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, like the CFCs, which also destroy the ozone layer. Carbon dioxide is produced naturally through when animals breathe, when dead plants and animals decay, and during natural forest fires. Mankind produces carbon dioxide when coal, oil and gas (the fossil fuels) are burnt for energy and electricity, and when forests are cut down or burnt to make way for agriculture. Trees help to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by using it to make food (photosynthesis). Plant life in the oceans also uses carbon dioxide. Methane is another major greenhouse gas. It is formed naturally in marshes and bogs when dead plant and animal matter decays, and also by termites. Mankind releases methane by growing rice, farming cattle, burying waste and burning fossil fuels. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas naturally produced by oceans and by lightening strikes, but humans have increased the amount in air by the production of nylon and through using agricultural fertilisers. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are a group of man-made substances containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon. They were invented in the 1930s for use in fridges, but have other uses, including aerosols. They are very strong greenhouse gases and remain for a long time in the atmosphere. They break down at high altitudes where they contribute to the destruction of the

6. Greenhouse Gases Pfizer The World's Largest Research-based Pfizer Inc The world's largest researchbased pharmaceutical company. Pfizer Inc discovers, develops, manufactures, and markets leading prescription medicines for humans and http://www.pfizer.com/responsibility/protecting_environment/greenhouse_gases.jsp

7. Eos Electronic Supplement Article reviews scientific understanding of the issue of greenhouse gases and climate change, as presented in peer-reviewed publications. This understanding serves as the underlying basis of the American Geophysical Union s position statement of December 1998. http://www.agu.org/eos_elec/99148e.html

Skip to Main Content Join AGU Donate Contact Us ... Institutional Subscriptions $('#leftnav ul li ul').css('display','none'); My Account Eos Newspaper Career Center Member Directory Sections/Focus Groups Subscriptions Journal Highlights Journals RSS Feeds Governance Leadership Committees and Boards Honors Science Policy Alerts Major Policies Staff Contacts Author Resources Manuscript Submissions (GEMS) Manuscript Tools Publication Schedule Eos is published weekly (Tuesday) Deadline for Publication: Nine days prior to publication (Sunday)* 7:00 PM ET Member-Only Services Login required: Eos Eos Online Discussions Job Listings ... Online Membership Directory AGU Advertising American Geophysical Union (AGU) Advertising Department 2000 Florida Avenue N.W. Washington, DC 20009-1277 USA Phone: +1 202 777 7536 Fax: +1 202 777 7478 Toll Free: +1 800 966 2481 (North America only) E-Mail: advertising@agu.org Eos Electronic Supplement Welcome to the electronic supplement to Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union , AGU's online supplement to the Union's weekly newspaper. AGU has initiated this supplement as a way to extend Eos coverage in areas of growing importance to geophysical scientists. With this supplement

8. Greenhouse Gas - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas

Greenhouse gas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Simple diagram of greenhouse effect. A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG ) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide , and ozone . In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus Mars , and Titan note 1 colder than at present. Since the beginning of the Industrial revolution , the burning of fossil fuels has substantially increased the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Contents Greenhouse effects in Earth's atmosphere Natural and anthropogenic sources Anthropogenic greenhouse gases Role of water vapor ... edit Greenhouse effects in Earth's atmosphere Main article: Greenhouse effect Modern global anthropogenic Carbon emissions. In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are: water vapor carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide ... chlorofluorocarbons The contribution to the greenhouse effect by a gas is affected by both the characteristics of the gas and its abundance. For example, on a molecule-for-molecule basis methane is about eighty times stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide , but it is present in much smaller concentrations so that its total contribution is smaller. When these gases are ranked by their contribution to the greenhouse effect, the most important are:

9. Greenhouse Gases And Aerosols NOAA programs conduct research on complex climate systems to improve predictions of climate variation in both the shorter term, like cold spells or periods of drought, and over http://www.oar.noaa.gov/climate/t_greenhouse.html

skip to content program navigation CLIMATE OCEANS, GREAT LAKES and COASTS ... HOME SEARCH SITEMAP Learn more about these CLIMATE RESEARCH areas... GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE GREENHOUSE GASES and AEROSOLS MODELING CLIMATE OBSERVING CLIMATE VARIABILITY and CHANGE ... REGIONAL CLIMATE SERVICES Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols NOAA's research laboratories and programs are leaders in monitoring and investigating the properties and influences of trace gases and small particles in the atmosphere. Through careful and consistent measurements around the globe, and through laboratory and field experiments, researchers have pioneered ways to learn more about these gases and how they can affect regional and global climate. This work is crucial in meeting NOAA's mission to understand and predict changes in Earth's environment. An objective of this research is to help reduce uncertainty in climate projections by providing information on the forcing mechanisms and feedbacks that contribute to changes in the Earth's climate. Greenhouse Gases The Earth's atmosphere is made up mostly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with a small amount of "trace gases" (1%) mixed in. But, that tiny percentage of trace gases - such as carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, and carbon monoxide - contribute in a big way to changes in the Earth's climate.

10. Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Climate Change | U.S. EPA Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are often called greenhouse gases. Some greenhouse gases occur naturally and are emitted to the atmosphere through natural processes and http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/index.html

@import 'http://www.epa.gov/epafiles/s/epa.css'; Jump to main content. Climate Change - Greenhouse Gas Emissions Contact Us Search: All EPA This Area You are here: EPA Home Climate Change Greenhouse Gas Emissions Greenhouse Gas Emissions Related Links EPA EPA Call for Information on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Bioenergy and Other Biogenic Sources. Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Rule U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventories Methane to Markets ... IPCC's National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme UNFCCC Greenhouse Gases Database National Inventory Submissions 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Overview Inventories ... On July 9, 2010, EPA requests information on greenhouse gas emissions associated with Bioenergy and Other Biogenic Sources. Biogenic greenhouse gas emissions are those generated during combustion or decomposition of biologically-based material, and include sources such as utilization of forest or agricultural products for energy, wastewater treatment and livestock management facilities, and fermentation processes for ethanol production. 2010 Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks Prepared annually by EPA, the national greenhouse gas inventory report presents estimates of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and sinks for the years 1990 through 2008. This report also discusses the methods and data used to calculate the emission estimates.

11. CRS Reports >Climate Change - NLE Congressional Research Service Report on global climate change and strategies to reduce greenhouse gases. PDF format. http://www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRS/Detail.cfm?Category=Climate Change&CFID=456665

12. Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases and Society by Nick Hopwood and Jordan Cohen Greenhouse gases naturally blanket the Earth and keep it about 33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would be without http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/greenhouse.htm

Greenhouse Gases and Society by Nick Hopwood and Jordan Cohen The Greenhouse Effect The "greenhouse effect" is the heating of the Earth due to the presence of greenhouse gases. It is named this way because of a similar effect produced by the glass panes of a greenhouse. Shorter-wavelength solar radiation from the sun passes through Earth's atmosphere, then is absorbed by the surface of the Earth, causing it to warm. Part of the absorbed energy is then reradiated back to the atmosphere as long wave infared radiation. Little of this long wave radiation escapes back into space; the radiation cannot pass through the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The greenhouse gases selectively transmit the infared waves, trapping some and allowing some to pass through into space. The greenhouse gases absorb these waves and reemits the waves downward, causing the lower atmosphere to warm.(www.eb.com:180) Diagram to help explain the process of global warming and how greenhouse gases create the "greenhouse effect" www.eecs.umich.edu/mathscience/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/images/diagrampage.html

13. Potent New Greenhouse Gas Discovered Article on rising concentrations of a newly identified synthetic fluoride that traps heat more effectively than all other known greenhouse gases. http://www2.fluoridealert.org/Pollution/Greenhouse-Gases/Potent-New-Greenhouse-G

Home About FAN Latest News Water Fluoridation ... FAQs Search Location: News Greenhouse Gases Potent New Greenhouse Gas Discovered Latest News from Greenhouse Gases Science nabs two new greenhouse gases The Top Ten Greenhouse Gases New greenhouse gas discovered: Sulfuryl fluoride, 4800x worse than CO2 Sulfuryl fluoride: Termite Killer Lingers as a Potent Greenhouse Gas ... Read more news from Greenhouse Gases Environmental News Service July 31, 2000 Potent New Greenhouse Gas Discovered MAINZ, Germany, July 31, 2000 (ENS) - Researchers from seven institutions in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States have detected a previously unreported compound of industrial origin in the atmosphere - trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride (SF5CF3). It is considered the most potent greenhouse gas measured to date. There is no doubt that the new gas SF5CF3 is made by industry, or is produced during certain processes involving industrial gases, but its exact source remains a mystery. The increase of this peculiar gas in the atmosphere is coupled with the increase of the very inert gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), suggesting a common source, according to their article in the journal "Science," a publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Emissions of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are governed by the Kyoto Protocol, an addition to the United Nations climate change treaty. It is one of the six greenhouse gases linked to global warming.

14. Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, And Energy What Are Greenhouse Gases? Many chemical compounds found in the Earth’s atmosphere act as “greenhouse gases.” These gases allow sunlight to enter the http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html

Greenhouse Gases Programs Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, and Energy What Are Greenhouse Gases? Why Are Atmospheric Levels Increasing? Levels of several important greenhouse gases have increased by about 25 percent since large-scale industrialization began around 150 years ago (Figure 1). During the past 20 years, about three-quarters of human-made carbon dioxide emissions were from burning fossil fuels. Figure 1. Trends in Atmospheric Concentrations and Anthropogenic Emissions of Carbon Dioxide Figure 2. Global Carbon Cycle (Billion Metric Tons Carbon) What Effect Do Greenhouse Gases Have on Climate Change? However, there is uncertainty in how the climate system varies naturally and reacts to emissions of greenhouse gases. Making progress in reducing uncertainties in projections of future climate will require better awareness and understanding of the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the behavior of the climate system. What Are the Sources of Greenhouse Gases?

15. Greenhouse Gases Introduction to global warming, climate change, greenhouses gases, impacts, policy http://www.redjellyfish.com/global-warming/greenhouse.html

Greenhouse Gases Nature posters E-cards Natural Living Environment ... Global Warming categories Climate Changes Global Warming Impacts Global Warming Solutions Our nearest neighbor, Venus , serves as a stark warning of a runaway greenhouse effect. Often called earth's twin because of its similar size and mass, Venus is uninhabitable with a surface temperature of 867� F and an atmosphere that is 96.5% carbon dioxide. courtesy: NASA If the world continues on a "business as usual" path (no emissions reductions), by 2100 carbon dioxide concentration will likely be over 1000 parts per million! Greenhouse Gases the greenhouse effect Below are some of the major greenhouse gases, given their potent heat-trapping qualities and their high emission rates: Carbon Dioxide (CO Increased concentrations are largely due to fossil fuel burning (power plants, transportation, industrial processes), as well as the destruction of forests and other plant life, which remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere Methane (CH is emitted during the production and transport of fossil fuels, rice cultivation, animal husbandry, organic waste decay, and from natural sources such as wetlands. Liquid methane is commonly known as

16. Fuel Economy Joint effort by the U.S. DOE and EPA. New vehicle fuel mileage guide, gas saving tips, information on greenhouse gases, advanced technology and FAQs. http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/

Skip navigation Mobile Site Map Links ... Find and Compare Cars Gas mileage (MPG), fuel cost, greenhouse gas emissions, energy impact score, air pollution ratings, and safety information for new and used cars and trucks Compare Side-by-Side Power Search Mobile Web Sites fueleconomy.gov/m Alternative Fueling Station Locator Hybrid Vehicles Compare Hybrids New and Upcoming Tax Incentives How Hybrids Work Electric Vehicles EVs New and Upcoming Tax Incentives Links Diesel Vehicles and Fuels Compare Diesels Biodiesel Tax Incentives Alternative Fuel Vehicles Flexible Fuel Vehicles E85 Station Locator Fuel Cell Vehicles Extreme MPG Concept Cars, Upcoming Vehicles, Competitions, News, and More Your MPG Will Still Vary About the Ratings Factors Affecting MPG Fuel Economy Tests Energy Efficient Technologies Engine Technologies Transmission Technologies MotorWeek Videos Newest Videos Fuel Economy Videos Hybrid Vehicle Videos Clean Cities Videos Fuel Economy Guide 2010 Fuel Economy Guide Preliminary 2011 Fuel Economy Guide More Guides Your MPG ... Ford launches educational site about EVs, hybrids CNET 2011 Porsche Cayenne S Hybrid on Sale in November Edmunds Volkswagen adds hybrid SUV, with amenities

17. NCDC: Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse gases Frequently Asked Questions http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/gases.html

Several of our online systems may be unavailable on Wednesday, November 3rd, beginning at 5:00 pm ET due to scheduled maintenance. DOC NOAA NESDIS NCDC Search Field: Climate Monitoring Help Greenhouse Gases Frequently Asked Questions National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center Introduction Water Vapor Carbon Dioxide Methane ... Additional Information Introduction What are greenhouse gases? Many chemical compounds present in Earth's atmosphere behave as 'greenhouse gases'. These are gases which allow direct sunlight (relative shortwave energy) to reach the Earth's surface unimpeded. As the shortwave energy (that in the visible and ultraviolet portion of the spectra) heats the surface, longer-wave (infrared) energy (heat) is reradiated to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases absorb this energy, thereby allowing less heat to escape back to space, and 'trapping' it in the lower atmosphere. Many greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide, while others are synthetic. Those that are man-made include the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), as well as sulfur hexafluoride (SF ). Atmospheric concentrations of both the natural and man-made gases have been rising over the last few centuries due to the industrial revolution. As the global population has increased and our reliance on fossil fuels (such as coal, oil and natural gas) has been firmly solidified, so emissions of these gases have risen. While gases such as carbon dioxide occur naturally in the atmosphere, through our interference with the carbon cycle (through burning forest lands, or mining and burning coal), we artificially move carbon from solid storage to its gaseous state, thereby increasing atmospheric concentrations.

18. Greenhouse Gases: Some Definitions The earth's surface is surrounded by a blanket of gases in the atmosphere. The atmosphere acts in the same way windows of a closed car do when sitting in the sun. http://www.gdrc.org/uem/waste/waste-gases.html

Waste Info Sheets Greenhouse gases: Some definitions. Enhanced Greenhouse Effect The earth's surface is surrounded by a blanket of gases in the atmosphere. The atmosphere acts in the same way windows of a closed car do when sitting in the sun. It allows most of the light to pass through which then reaches the earth's surface and is absorbed and converted into heat energy. This heat energy is re-emitted by the earth, but is trapped by gases in the atmosphere known as greenhouse gases. Global warming, climate change, ozone depletion, sea level rise, biodiversity are all affected, one way or another, directly or directly, by harmful 'greenhouse' gases. A number of human activities, processes and consumptions produce waste gases that are harmful to the environment. They include: Fuel combustion Energy industries Manufacturing industries and construction Transport Fugitive emissions from fuels Solid fuels Oil and natural gas Mineral products Chemical industry Metal production Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride Solvent and other product use Enteric fermentation Manure management Rice cultivation Agricultural soils Prescribed burning of savannas Field burning of agricultural residues Solid waste disposal on land Wastewater handling Waste incineration Much of these harmful gases, natural and man-made, were targeted for reduction during the recently concluded COP3 conference in Kyoto. A brief description and effects of six gases are given below:

19. Index Investigating the way the sea and the atmosphere exchange greenhouse gases. http://www.knmi.nl/asgamage/

20. Global Warming - What Are Greenhouse Gases? One in a series of frequently asked questions about global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. http://environment.about.com/od/faqglobalwarming/f/greengases.htm

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Environmental Issues Environmental Issues Search Environmental Issues What's at Risk? What To Do Global Warming ... Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Free Environmental Issues Newsletter! Sign Up Discuss in my Forum By Larry West , About.com Guide See More About: global warming greenhouse gases carbon dioxide methane ... ozone zSB(3,3) Question: What are Greenhouse Gases? Answer: Many greenhouse gases occur naturally, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Others such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) result exclusively from human industrial processes. Human Activities and Greenhouse Gases Human activities also add significantly to the level of naturally occurring greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by the burning of solid waste, wood and wood products, and fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal). Nitrous oxide emissions occur during various agricultural and industrial processes, and when solid waste or fossil fuels are burned. Methane is emitted when organic waste decomposes, whether in landfills or in connection with livestock farming. Methane emissions also occur during the production and transport of fossil fuels.

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