1. Mycorrhiza - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia A mycorrhiza (Gk., fungus roots, pl mycorrhizae, mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic (generally mutualistic, but occasionally weakly pathogenic) association between a fungus and the roots of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhiza

Mycorrhiza From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This mycorrhiza includes a fungus in the genus Amanita A mycorrhiza (Gk.,: fungus roots , pl mycorrhizae mycorrhizas ) is a symbiotic (generally mutualistic , but occasionally weakly pathogenic ) association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plants' roots, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF ), or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi . They are an important component of soil life and soil chemistry Contents Mutualist dynamics Sugar-Water/Mineral exchange Mechanisms Disease resistance ... edit Mutualist dynamics Mycorrhizae form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plant species (and while only a small proportion of all species has been examined, 95% of these plant families are predominantly mycorrhizal). edit Sugar-Water/Mineral exchange This mutualistic association provides the fungus with relatively constant and direct access to carbohydrates , such as glucose and sucrose supplied by the plant.

2. Rooter's Mycorrhizae Your online garden supply store offering organic fertilizers, natural pest control, organic gardening equipment and more. http://www.planetnatural.com/site/mycorrhizae.html

Your online garden supply store offering organic fertilizers, natural pest control, organic gardening equipment and more. Home About Us e-Newsletter Free Catalog ... Gift Certificate Rooter's Mycorrhizae A proprietary blend of 8 mycorrhizal fungi selected for a broad spectrum of plants, media and environments. Mycorrhizae will harmonize with the plant's root system and can greatly expand the surface area of the root mass. Increases nutrient and water uptake and improves most plants' growth and vigor. For soil and hydroponic applications. Directions for use: Mix 1 teaspoon per gallon of soil or growing media. Transplants: Add 1/2 teaspoon per planting hole. Established Plants: At drip line make 1 to 4 holes around plants and trees, add 1 teaspoon per hole. Hydroponic Reservoirs: Add 1 teaspoon per gallon of solution. Place material in fine nylon netting or in a closed plastic container with several pin-size holes at opposite ends. Do not make holes on the bottom of the container. Discard old material and replenish with fresh product ever 2 to 4 weeks. New Sod: Prior to laying sod, broadcast 1 pound per 1000 sq. ft.

3. Mycorrhizal Applications, Inc. | Helping Your Plants Grow Better - Naturally! Tools, Articles and Photos about different Varieties of mycorrhizae http://www.mycorrhizae.com/

4. Mycorrhizae - Plant Sciences | HighBeam Research - FREE Trial mycorrhizae find Plant Sciences articles. div id= bedoc-text h1mycorrhizae/h1 pmycorrhizae are intimate, mutually beneficial associations between fung http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3408000207.html?key=01-42160D527E1B10691B0A021F0

5. Mycorrhizae Inoculants For Better Plant Roots And Healthier Plants. BioOrganics' Endo and Ectotypes of mycorrhizae inoculants are noted by the USDA to be especially beneficial for grapes, citrus, melons, oaks pines. Buy online - large and small http://bio-organics.com/

ENTER YOUR NAME EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW Name: A value is required. Minimum number of characters not met. Exceeded maximum number of characters. Email: A value is required. Invalid format. Please double-check your email address! We have no way to correct it if returned with "invalid address" results. MYCORRHIZAE INOCULANTS P.O. Box 5326 Palm Springs, CA 92263 Email Link BIO ORGANICS, INC. As more and more is learned about how plants really work, it is becoming obvious that the conventional emphasis on soil chemistry and NPK fertilizers has problems - most notably in the areas of drinking water contamination, soil degradation, disease-prone plants, and input costs. But after decades of focusing exclusively on chemically-oriented growing practices, soil scientists around the world are now looking to the biological sciences to find better, cleaner, and more sustainable methods of growing both crops and ornamentals. Mycorrhizal fungi inoculants are one of the first results of USDA and university research in this very promising area. In natural soil situations, plants enjoy

6. PP318 Forest Pathology mycorrhizae = The structures formed by the symbiotic association of fungi with the roots of plants. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/pp318/profiles_mirror/myc/mycorrhizae.htm

Contents (this page): Ectomycorrhizae characteristics plant families fungi ... effects on plants Go to: Plant Disease Profiles Related Links Glossary PP318 Home Mycorrhizae Dr. L. F. Grand and C.S.Vernia NCSU Department of Plant Pathology Mycorrhizae The structures formed by the symbiotic association of fungi with the roots of plants. fungus + root = mycorrhizae mycos rhiza Classification of Mycorrhizae Ectomycorrhizae Endomycorrhizae Vesicular-arbuscular formed by aseptate fungi Ericoid mycorrhizae formed by septate fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota Orchidaceae mycorrhizae formed by septate fungi in the Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) Arbutoid mycorrhizae formed by septate fungi Ectendomycorrhizae Ectomycorrhizae Characteristics of Ectomycorrhizae Increase in root size Absence of root hairs Dichotomous branching Fungus mantle Intercellular hyphae (Hartig net) in cortex Nonmycorrhizal short roots of pine. Note the abundant root hairs.

7. Mycorrhizae: Information From Answers.com Dual organs of absorption that are formed when symbiotic fungi inhabit healthy absorbing organs (roots, rhizomes, or thalli ) of most terrestrial plants and many aquatics and http://www.answers.com/topic/mycorrhizae

var isReferenceAnswers = true; BodyLoad('s'); On this page Library Animal Life Health History, Politics, Society ... Technology Mycorrhizae Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Mycorrhizae Home Library Science Sci-Tech Encyclopedia Dual organs of absorption that are formed when symbiotic fungi inhabit healthy absorbing organs (roots, rhizomes, or thalli ) of most terrestrial plants and many aquatics and epiphytes. Mycorrhizae appear in the earliest fossil record of terrestrial plant roots. Roughly 80% of the nearly 10,000 plant species that have been examined are mycorrhizal. Present-day plants that normally lack mycorrhizae are generally evolutionarily advanced. It has been inferred that primitive plants evolved with a symbiosis between fungi and rhizoids or roots as a means to extract nutrients and water from soil. The degree of dependence varies between species or groups of plants. In absolute dependence, characteristic of perennial, terrestrial plants, the host requires mycorrhizae to survive. Some plants are facultative ; they may form mycorrhizae but do not always require them. This group includes many of the world's more troublesome weeds. A minority of plant species characteristically lack mycorrhizae, so far as is known, including many aquatics, epiphytes, and annual

8. Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae And Lichens Symbiosis mycorrhizae and Lichens Introduction. In its most common usage, symbiosis is used to describe the intimate association between two distantly, related species that http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/Bot201/Symbiosis/Symbiosis.htm

Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae and Lichens Introduction In its most common usage, symbiosis is used to describe the intimate association between two distantly, related species that are mutually benefiting from this association. These associations are obligatory ones in which neither organisms can survive in nature if the two organisms are separated. However, in the strict sense of this term, as it was proposed by de Barry in 1879, symbiotic relationships include a wide range of associations: Phoresy : A loose association where a usually, smaller organism is using a larger one as a transport host. Normally used in references to arthropods and fishes. An example of the latter is the remora (Fig. 1). Fig. 1: The remora is a one of several species of marine fishes that have sucking disks with which they attach themselves to sharks, whales, sea turtles, or the hulls of ships. Commensalism : An association in which one species, usually the smaller, benefits from the association while the other species seems to be unaffected. Such relationship are usually not obligate and neither species will die if the association does not form. A common example is the relationship between cattle egrets and grazing cattle. The cattle egrets are birds that feed where cattle or herbivores may be grazing. The grazing cattle flushes out insects from the vegetation, which benefits the birds, but this relationship does not seem to benifit the cattle nor does it do any harm. Cattle egrets are widespread and have been introduced to Hawai‘i.

9. Mycorrhizae | Define Mycorrhizae At Dictionary.com , zas. Plant Pathology . a symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus, esp. a basidiomycete, with the roots of certain plants, in which the hyphae form a closely woven http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mycorrhizae?qsrc=2446

10. Wormswork - Mycorrhizae & Worm Castings add your description here mycorrhizae Worm Castings. mycorrhizae. With the astronomical rise in world nutrient prices in the past year Australian primary producers are keen to http://www.wormswork.com.au/docs/Mycorrhizae.html

Mycorrhizae With the astronomical rise in world nutrient prices in the past year Australian primary producers are keen to source alternative sources of nitrogen at affordable prices. The clear standout in this field is to rely on adding mycorrhizae to your soil or potting media. So what are mycorrhizae? Mycorrhizae are generally spoken of in the plural (rather than the singular mycorrhiza) since they comprise vast colonies are very small micro-organisms found naturally in the top profile of undisturbed soils. Visually they resemble the fine white root like growths that you see when you pull up a mushroom. That’s not surprising because what looks like mushroom roots are mycorrhizae that are fine fungal filaments. There are literally tens of thousand of different types or species and some enter the roots of host plants to aid the collection of nutrients and even assist their host to turn atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen that a plant can use to aid its growth. This type is called endomycorrhizae. Another group of these tiny organisms termed the exomycorrhizae stay on the outside of the plant such as the mushroom and pine tree roots and turn soil nutrients into forms of nutrient that are more readily available to the host plant. Both types are soil born organisms that do not retard or destroy the host plant but on poor soils greatly improve the plant’s ability to survive on poor soils. When a cereal farmer plants a crop of wheat for instance they frequently inject soluble nitrogen as urea (that is 42% nitrogen in the form of a salt), but on very alkaline soils of say pH 9, such as those soils in the Murray Mallee of SA and Victoria the soil alkalinity locks up much of the nitrogen. This in effect means the farmer(s) paid for nutrients that their plants cannot access. They are sitting on reserves of soil nutrients and not just nitrogen that can be released with the aid of the tiny catalytic soil organisms, the noble mycorrhizae.

11. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae are the prevalent condition in nature The types of mycorrhizae are described in more detail on the next few pages. http://www.uwlax.edu/biology/volk/fungi3/sld020.htm

Slide 20 of 66 Notes: Mycorrhizae are the prevalent condition in nature The types of mycorrhizae are described in more detail on the next few pages.

12. Backyard Gardener - Mycorrhizae: The Friendly Fungus, October 21, 1998 The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County, Backyard Gardener http://cals.arizona.edu/yavapai/anr/hort/byg/archive/mycorrhizae.html

Mycorrhizae: The Friendly Fungus - October 21, 1998 Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County Imagine a fungus that wraps around the roots of practically every plant in the landscape and uses the plant's energy to sustain it's own cellular metabolic needs. This fungus is everywhere. In fact, they are probably lurking under the soil in your back yard right now. No, this is not some scary story designed to raise the hair on the back of your neck during the appropriate season, it's real...it's mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae (pronounced mi-cor-ri-zay with long "i"s, short "o", and long "a") have a mutualistic relationship with the green plants that they colonize. In other words, both the fungus and the plant benefit from the association. In general, mycorrhizae assist the plant by expediting water and mineral nutrient acquisition. Tiny fungal strands called mycelia can grow through soil much faster and more easily than plant roots and can therefore exploit a much larger soil volume in search of these resources. In return, the plant provides carbohydrates (sugars) to the mycorrhizal fungus. Both endo and ectomycorrhizae are difficult and costly to grow in cultures outside of plant roots, but it can be done. Soil inoculants are available for both types. Most crop plants form associations with endomycorrhizae. And the inoculum can be applied to the soil prior to planting. There are certainly biological benefits to inoculating, but the jury is still out on the economic returns of doing so. One of the biological benefits is protection from root rot fungi. In theory, the mycorrhizae fill a niche that could otherwise be occupied by a disease causing pathogen. On the other hand, if crops are doing well and require low inputs of fertilizers, you may well already have a natural population of mycorrhizae. This is an excellent reason NOT to fumigate soils just because we can. There are also many beneficial soil organisms: nitrogen fixing bacteria, predatory nematodes, benign decomposing fungi, etc.

13. Mycorrhizae Part 2 Images, mostly enlarged, of thelephoroid arbutoid mycorrhiza, orchidoid mycorrhiza, and the fruitbody of Tomentella sublilicina. http://plantbio.berkeley.edu/~bruns/tour/fungi3.html

Mycorrhizal Fungi Part Two thelephoroid arbutoid mycorrhiza thelephoroid arbutoid mycorrhiza orchidoid mycorrhiza a close up of the myccorrhiza to the left formed by the same thelephoroid fungus as the cross section to the left a small piece of bark containing a fruitbody of Tomentella sublilicina (upper right hand corner). Tomentella sublilicina This was the first collection of this species that we found at Point Reyes and was the DNA source for the RFLP match. unknown ectomycorrhizae unknown ectomycorrhizae on Douglas-fir on manzanita The tour continues with some photos of rust fungi the beginning sample results point reyes fire introduction limantour road disturbance plots bp plots species diversity plots construction post fire - sd plots post fire - bp plots sierra nevada 1995 sierra july 1998 sierra august 1999 sierra fowm 2000 santa rosa island 2001 blodgett 2002 tomales point 2004 blodgett 2004 mclaughlin 2006 mushrooms mycorrhizae part I mycorrhizae part II rust fungi post fire fungi Bruns Lab home Last updated: Friday April 7, 2000

14. Mycorrhizae Mykorrhiza Fungi Pilze - Mushroom Cultivations Mycorrhizal fungi are fungi that have developed a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship with the root systems of living plants, from garden vegetables all the way up to Old http://www.mycorrhizae.eu/

Mycorrhizae Mykorrhiza Fungi Pilze - Mushroom Cultivations - Mycorrhizal fungi are fungi that have developed a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship with the root systems of living plants, from garden vegetables all the way up to Old Growth trees. - mycorrhizae.eu

15. Mycorrhizae - Ask.com Top questions and answers about mycorrhizae. Find 106 questions and answers about mycorrhizae at Ask.com Read more. http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Mycorrhizae

16. Connecticut Chapter, The American Chestnut Foundation: Mycorrhizae And The Ameri This article describes mycorrhizal associations, where the hyphae of a fungus wrap themselves around the roots of a host, in this case the American Chestnut. http://ctacf.org/index.cfm/2007/3/1/Mycorrhizae-and-the-American-Chestnut-An-Und

17. Colin Lewis Bonsai: MYCORRHIZAE AND BONSAI IN RECENT YEARS we've read and heard a lot about the benefits of mycorrhiza in association with pines how that tacky-looking white fluff can actually http://www.bonsaideals.com/descriptions/myco.html

Mycorrhizae Nature's minute miracle-workers C O N T E N T S Click on the link to jump to that section: What are mycorrhizae? Are Mycorrhizae species-specific? A closer look Benefits of Mycorrhizae ... Mycorrhiza inoculation IN RECENT YEARS we've read and heard a lot about the benefits of mycorrhiza in association with pines - how that tacky-looking white fluff can actually benefit the tree. But this is only part of the story and there is a lot more to this miracle of nature. What are Mycorrhizae? Before we go further, lets just examine exactly what we mean by mycorrhiza. The term mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizae) is rather like the term "marriage". It describes an association, a relationship. If both parties to the relationship are compatible, and conditions suitable, they will both benefit. Otherwise the relationship is of no benefit to either and it ceases. One party to this relationship is your tree, the other is a microscopic beneficial fungus. The fungus forms a sheath-like structure at the root tips through which it passes to the tree various nutrients it has gathered from the soil in exchange for food the tree has produced through photosynthesis (remember, fungi are not able to produce their own food in this way).

18. Mycorrhiza An introduction to backyard mycorrhizae T he word mycorrhiza is built from classical Greek roots. Myco means fungus and rhiza means root, so the word mycorrhiza http://www.backyardnature.net/f/mycorhza.htm

MYCORRHIZA T he word "mycorrhiza" is built from classical Greek roots. Myco means "fungus" and rhiza means "root," so the word mycorrhiza literally means "fungus-root." When the hyphae of certain fungi form specialized sheaths around the roots of certain plants, that fungal root-coating is the mycorrhiza. Having mycorrhiza on its roots improves a plant's ability to deal with droughts, to acquire mineral nutrients, to store carbohydrates, and more. These benefits are further discussed below. In the image at the right, the thicker pine-tree root is covered with mycorrhiza while the slender root at the right is not. In the drawing below you see a cross section of a root with mycorrhiza. The fungal sheath , which constitutes the main part of mycorrhiza, is a mass of hyphae encasing the root. Notice that some hyphae penetrate between the root's outer cells, but they do not invade the cells themselves. Also note the hypha growing away from the root, thus giving the mycorrhiza more surface area for absorbing water and nutrients. Mycorrhiza forming an exterior sheath on roots are called ecto mycorrhizae . Some trees with ectomycorrhizae are species of pine, oak, beech, spruce, maple, juniper, willow and elm. Mycorrhiza with cells

19. Mycorrhiza Literature Exchange, Plant Sciences, University Of Tennessee Also included is almost every article ever published dealing with water relations and mycorrhizae (in alpabetical and chronological order). Thanks to everyone who has sent review http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/

var site="sm4mycor" Directory Article abstracts Water relations bibliography Books ... Links last update: September 2009 last update: 21 October 2010 Notice: I am going to try to keep this site going. Due to substantial new job responsibilities, I may not be able to update it quite as regularly. 80 files added 18 August 2010 (addressing September 2009) Posted here are the abstracts of almost all journal articles dealing with mycorrhizae from 1991 through 2009 (over 11,000 citations), as well as citations to some 260 mycorrhizal reviews , over 70 mycorrhizal books , many mycorrhizal theses and dissertations (tougher for me to find). Also included is almost every article ever published dealing with water relations and mycorrhizae (in alpabetical and chronological order). Thanks to everyone who has sent review, book and dissertation information. Cheers, The MLE is hosted by Department of Plant Sciences Institute of Agriculture University of Tennessee Home ... Contact

20. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia An arbuscular mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbuscular_mycorrhizae

Arbuscular mycorrhiza From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Arbuscular mycorrhizae Jump to: navigation search An arbuscular mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas ) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMs) are characterized by the formation of unique structures such as arbuscules and vesicles by fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota (AM fungi). AM fungi (AMF) help plants to capture nutrients such as phosphorus and micronutrients from the soil. It is believed that the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis played a crucial role in the initial colonisation of land by plants and in the evolution of the vascular plants. It has been said that it is quicker to list the plants that do not form mycorrhizae than those that do. This symbiosis is a highly evolved mutualistic relationship found between fungi and plants, the most prevalent plant symbiosis known, and AM is found in 80% of vascular plant families of today.

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