21. Definition Of Mycorrhizae | EHow.com Definition of mycorrhizae. mycorrhizae (sing. mycorrhiza) are symbioses between a fungus and the roots of a plant. Most plants participate in this relationship, which is beneficial http://www.ehow.com/about_5106509_definition-mycorrhizae.html

Family Food Health Home Money Style More Home Plant Basics Definition of Mycorrhizae More Articles Like This Mycorrhiza Definition Mycorrhizae for Chestnut Trees What Are the Benefits of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza? The Advantages of Mycorrhiza for Forest Health Related Topics Ss Definition Video Camera Definition Definition Of Meeting High Definition Tv Definition of Mycorrhizae By Philip McIntosh eHow Contributor I want to do this! What's This? Definition of Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae on Pine Roots (photo by Paul Davison) Mycorrhizae (sing. mycorrhiza) are symbioses between a fungus and the roots of a plant. Most plants participate in this relationship , which is beneficial to the plant and the fungus. The plant obtains water and mineral nutrients from the fungus and the fungus obtains carbon compounds, derived from photosynthesis, from the plant. Mycorrhizae are classified into one of two basic types: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. Background Mycorrhizae were first described by the German botanist Albert Bernard Frank in 1883. His initial work was greeted with skepticism by scientists who found it hard to believe that fungi could live in plant roots without causing harm. Critics said the fungi were abnormal structures or parasites. Undaunted, Frank continued his research and, by 1888, had produced strong evidence for a mutualistic relationship.

22. Mycorrhizal Products - Our Company Our goal is to educate how important it is to reintroduce beneficial organisms back into the soil. By disturbing the ground, we destroy the natural web of mycorrhizae that lies http://www.mycorrhizalproducts.com/

Newsletter archive Product Calculators Signup Login Mothers Nature's Website Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizal Products.com TM is a company dedicated to providing the highest quality and most diverse Mycorrhizal Products available on this planet. Our Mycorrhizal Products are 100% natural and freshly harvested so as to enable you to achieve the best results possible. We offer the world's finest and most diverse mycorrhizal species for use in all applications, ranging from your home gardening and landscape, to commercial applications. Mycorrhizal Products.com TM are also available for community landscaping golf courses, commercial farming, nursery farms and all other growers. We offer several types of Mycorrhizal Products.com TM for use with various application techniques, these include tablets, granular, powder and liquid forms. If a custom blend is required, we offer Mycorrhizal Quality custom blending. (Click here for a list of our different species) The Mycorrhizal relationship with plants is over 400 million years old and is one of the longest and most successful relationships in nature. There are over 50,000 research studies on the Mycorrhizal relationship. The Mycorrhizal fungi excrete powerful chemicals that dissolve mineral nutrients, absorb water, retard soil pathogens, and glue soil particles together into a porous structure. In return, the Mycorrhizae fungus receives sugar and other compounds from plants to fuel Mycorrhizal activities. Both plant and fungus benefit from the "symbiotic relationship". Research has documented improved plant nutrient and water uptake, plus resistance to a wide range of soil diseases and environmental extremes. Plants establish fruit and flower more abundantly; areas thrive with less irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticides. The Mycorrhizal network is nature's original World Wide Web.

23. Mycorrhizae plant index mycorrhizae by Bill Robinson mycorrhizae are symbiotic soil fungi, present in most soils, that attach themselves directly onto the roots of most plants. http://www.luvnpeas.org/edibility/edibleFiles/mycorrhizae.html

plant index Mycorrhizae by Bill Robinson Mycorrhizae are symbiotic soil fungi, present in most soils, that attach themselves directly onto the roots of most plants. They help the host plants absorb more water and nutrients while the host plants provide food for the fungi. Because the surface area of the hyphae, the feeding structures of the mycorrhizae, may be several hundred times the surface area of the roots, the mycorrhizae can feed on a larger soil mass than the roots and they do so more thoroughly. Mycorrhizae have the potential to be a central nutritional source for the host plant. Mycorrhiza also seem to cause the host to increase the production of certain metabolites but those studies are incomplete. One study compared the fresh weight of a group of different roses whose roots had been inoculated with two different mycorrhizae against the weight of the same varieties grown without mycorrhizae. The inoculation was done by dusting the rose roots with spores of the mycorrhizae at the time of planting. The mycorrhizae employed were Glomus deserticola and G. intraradices. After several months the roses were dug up, washed to remove any foreign material, and then weighed roots and all. The inoculated roses showed significant increases in weight in every instance. Some of the roses did better with G. deserticola while others did better with G. intraradices. In one instance a miniature rose showed a 75% increase in fresh weight with both of the test mycorrhizae. If the conditions are right, a viable mycorrrhizae colony can help the plant become more vigorous, more salt tolerant, less fertilizer dependent and more tolerant of chronic low moisture - but the key word is, "if" and there are qualifiers. First, the mycorrhizae are relatively fragile. They thrive when the organic content of the soil is high but languish when the organic content is low. Mycorrhizae also resent having the soil disturbed. Rather than digging in organic material and disturbing the soil, it is best to simply put down a 2" layer of compost in the winter and another 2" layer in the summer. The mycorrhizae sends hyphae to this rich organic layer as a prime nutritional source.

24. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae is a very fine, watersoluble powder. There are a total of six endomycorrhizae Glomus mossae, G. intraradices, G. dussii, G. clarum, G. deserticola, G http://nature-technologies.com/Mycorrhizae.html

MM_preloadImages('images/mycorrhizae.jpg'); Products Video Compost Tea Ancient Humate ... Contacts Nature's Solution Your Subtitle text N a t u r e s S o l u t i o n  M y c o r r h i z a e F o r  A l l  P l a n t s  a n d  S o i l s MYCORRHIZAE is a very fine, water-soluble powder. There are a total of six endomycorrhizae: Glomus mossae, G. intraradices, G. dussii, G. clarum, G. deserticola, G. microaggregatum and five ectomycorrhizae: Psolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon villosullus, R. luteolus, R. amylopogon, R. fulvigleba. Use with Nature's Solution Compost Tea, Sea Kelp, Ancient Humate, and Worm Castings. Mycorrhizae is a fertilizer that aids in nutrient uptake. Mix with water or Nature's Solution Compost Tea then spray on seeds, dip roots, or apply it directly into a planting hole using the rate of 1 tablespoon for every 10 gallons of water or tea. You can also just put a few granules of the dry powder into a planting hole. This product is used at planting or transplanting. Holes can also be drilled down beside a plant if already established, then put the powder into the hole and flush it in with water or tea. Use only as directed. Eight ounces of Mycorrhizae treats 2 acres (87,128 sq ft). 2.2 teaspoons or 0.4 ozs./1,000 sq ft. 1 8 Ounces makes 160 gallons. Nature's Solution Mycorrhizae is allowed for organic production.

25. Mycorrhizae Definition Of Mycorrhizae In The Free Online Encyclopedia. mycorrhizae. Dual organs of absorption that are formed when symbiotic fungi inhabit healthy absorbing organs (roots, rhizomes, or thalli) of most terrestrial plants and many aquatics http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Mycorrhizae

26. Database Of Chestnut Mycorrhizae - A Molecular Database Of Mycorrhizal Fungi Ass Provides a searchable facility for identifying ectomycorrhizal fungi, and details of the research being done at the University of Wisconsin into the chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica. http://chestnutfungi.com/

27. Mycorrhizae Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. They absorb their food from dead organic matter, or other living organisms. The source of their food is called a http://herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/FunFacts/Mycorhiz.htm

Home Catalog Mushrooms Mycorrhizae: Plant-Fungus Partners Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. They absorb their food from dead organic matter, or other living organisms. The source of their food is called a substrate if it is dead, and a host if it is living. The body (mycelium) of a fungus is made of threads called hyphae. Hyphae absorb nutrients from the substrate, spread, grow, and produce fruiting bodies. The fruiting body of the fungus is the part that we can see, and touch. Fruiting Bodies Black Truffle Cup Fungus Morel Giant Puffball Mushroom Earth Star Mycorrhizae result from the symbiosis (partnership) between a fungus' hyphae and a living plant root. Symbiotic partnerships occur only between living organisms. If a fungus obtains its carbohydrates from dead organic matter it is a "decomposer" and not symbiotic. Symbiotic partnerships are formed in three ways. A parasitic relationship benefits the fungus but harms the host. In mutual symbiosis, both fungus and host benefit from their partnership. A neutral symbiosis benefits the fungus with no harm or benefit to the host. Mycorrhizal symbioses are mutual and two types are recognized: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.

28. Welcome To Truffle.org Site aimed at promoting research on truffles and mycorrhizae. Includes a truffle image gallery, directory of truffle and mycorrhizal researchers and companies, and information for molecular analysis and identification of truffles. http://www.truffle.org/

29. Mycorrhizae http//users.caribnet.net/~lec/types.html Title mycorrhizae mycorrhizae. The roots of almost all higher plants are known to form mutualistic symbioses with fungi. http://www.ibiblio.org/london/agriculture/feedback/new-links/msg00020.html

[Prev] [Next] [Index] Mycorrhizae To pcinet@sunsite.unc.edu Subject : Mycorrhizae From london@mercury.interpath.com Date : Sun, 07 Jul 1996 22:09:49 -0400 Organization : Venaura Farm Reply-To london@mercury.interpath.com http://users.caribnet.net/~lec/types.html Title: Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae The roots of almost all higher plants are known to form mutualistic symbioses with fungi. These are termed mycorrhizae (fungus roots, from the Greek: mykes = mushroom or fungus and rhiza = root). Allen (1991) defined a mycorrhiza as " a mutualistic symbiosis between plant and fungus localised in a root or root-like structure in which energy moves primarily from plant to fungus and inorganic resources move from fungus to plant Fungi of very diverse kinds, belonging to all the major groups, take part in mycorrhizae. Based on morphology and the species involved, several different types are recognised. These are described below. The types can be distinguished by their positions along two gradients, from a lack of penetration of cortical cells (ectomycorrhizae) to penetration (vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae) and from an enclosed (ectomycorrhizae) to open root (vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae). Any natural ecosystem normally contains a mixture of types of mycorrhizal associations The main mycorrhizal response is one of increased efficiency of mineral uptake especially of poorly mobile ions and there is a voluminous literature dealing with the nutritional benefits that plants derive from mycorrhizal associations. Mycorrhizae are also involved in the transfer of nutrients from components of soil minerals and organic residues to solution, and in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem.

30. Super-Grow Mycorrhizae Fungi mycorrhizae fungi play an important organic role in 85% of plants by bringing nutrients to plants. Mycorrizhae are essential soil organisms that are more than 400 million years http://www.super-grow.biz/Myco.jsp

31. Mycorrhizae Inoculants For Better Plant Roots And Healthier Plants. Produces Endo and Ecto mycorrhizae inoculants for use by landscapers, vineyards, orchards, farms, nurseries, and golf courses. http://www.bio-organics.com/

ENTER YOUR NAME EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW Name: A value is required. Minimum number of characters not met. Exceeded maximum number of characters. Email: A value is required. Invalid format. Please double-check your email address! We have no way to correct it if returned with "invalid address" results. MYCORRHIZAE INOCULANTS P.O. Box 5326 Palm Springs, CA 92263 Email Link BIO ORGANICS, INC. As more and more is learned about how plants really work, it is becoming obvious that the conventional emphasis on soil chemistry and NPK fertilizers has problems - most notably in the areas of drinking water contamination, soil degradation, disease-prone plants, and input costs. But after decades of focusing exclusively on chemically-oriented growing practices, soil scientists around the world are now looking to the biological sciences to find better, cleaner, and more sustainable methods of growing both crops and ornamentals. Mycorrhizal fungi inoculants are one of the first results of USDA and university research in this very promising area. In natural soil situations, plants enjoy

32. Mycorrhizae | Grow Organic Food Bill Robinson mycorrhizae are symbiotic soil fungi, present in most soils, that attach themselves directly onto the roots of most plants. They help the host http://organicgarden.org.uk/gardening/soil/mycorrhizae

Home Resources Trials 2010 Square metre beds 2010-progress report ... Grow Organic Food Organic gardening news, views, interviews, help and support Comments Posts Meta Log in Entries RSS Comments ... WordPress.org Categories Select Category Biodynamics Climate change Composting Food GMO Organic food gardening Pesticides Square foot gardening Uncategorized Urban Agriculture Archives Select Month October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 Mycorrhizae Bill Robinson Mycorrhizae are symbiotic soil fungi, present in most soils, that attach themselves directly onto the roots of most plants. They help the host plants absorb more water and nutrients while the host plants provide food for the fungi. Because the surface area of the hyphae, the feeding structures of the mycorrhizae, may be several hundred times the surface area of the roots, the mycorrhizae can feed on a larger soil mass than the roots and they do so more thoroughly. Mycorrhizae have the potential to be a central nutritional source for the host plant. Mycorrhiza also seem to cause the host to increase the production of certain metabolites but those studies are incomplete. One study compared the fresh weight of a group of different roses whose roots had been inoculated with two different mycorrhizae against the weight of the same varieties grown without mycorrhizae. The inoculation was done by dusting the rose roots with spores of the mycorrhizae at the time of planting. The mycorrhizae employed were Glomus deserticola and G. intraradices. After several months the roses were dug up, washed to remove any foreign material, and then weighed roots and all. The inoculated roses showed significant increases in weight in every instance. Some of the roses did better with G. deserticola while others did better with G. intraradices. In one instance a miniature rose showed a 75% increase in fresh weight with both of the test mycorrhizae.

33. Dr. Davies Research Page Nursery Crop Physiology Plant Stress mycorrhizae Plant Propagation Tissue Culture Acclimatization NASA Phytoremediation Sustain. Ag. Systems / Biofertilizers http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/research/mycorrhizae.html

Home Nursery Crop Physiology Plant Stress Mycorrhizae ... / Biofertilizers Mycorrhizae Links: Mycorrhizal Effects on Host Plant Physiology The word "Mycorrhiza" is given to a mutualistic association between a fungus (Myco) and the roots (rhiza) of the plants. This ascociation is symbiotic because the relationship is advantageous for both organisms. The macrosymbiont (the plant) gains increased exploration of the soil (rhizo sphere) with the intrincate net of hyphae that increases the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil interphase. The microsymbiont (the fungus) uses the carbon provided by the plant for its physiological functions, growth and development. MYCORRHIZA at TAMU The Nursery Crop Physiology lab at the Department of Horticulture has been working over the past 25 years with ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under severe outplanting conditions (Texas lignite coal, strip mines, and highway revegetation sites). They have also characterized mycorrhizal associations in herbaceous and woody plant species and some of the mechanisms of enhanced drought, nutrient relations and temperature stress tolerance of mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants can also be used to phytoremediate soil contaminated with petroleum and heavy metals such as chromium (Cr). Benefits of Mycorrhiza: Enhanced plant efficiency in absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.

34. Mycorrhizae Summary | BookRags.com mycorrhizae. mycorrhizae summary with 3 pages of encyclopedia entries, research information, and more. http://www.bookrags.com/research/mycorrhizae-plsc-03/

35. Mycorrhizae FAQ - AgBio, Inc. Can I apply too much inoculum? No. You must apply enough inoculum so that the mycorrhizal fungus propagules will come into direct contact with roots that can be http://www.agbio-inc.com/mycorrhizae-faq.html

var STATIC_BASE = 'http://static-cdn.weebly.com/'; AgBio, Inc. Home Beneficial Insect Attractants Honey Bee Magnet PredaLure ... Contact Us Mycorrhizae Frequently Asked Questions Can I apply too much inoculum? No. You must apply enough inoculum so that the mycorrhizal fungus propagules will come into direct contact with roots that can be colonized. What is the minimum amount of inoculum needed to form mycorrhizae? Mycorrhizae can form from only one spore that germinates and infects a root, but it may take a long time for the fungus to spread to a significant portion of the root system. Therefore, it is better to initiate multiple infection sites to speed up the colonization process. The minimum needed depends on the size and age of the root system. In other words, there is no specific answer to the question. How do mycorrhizae work? Mycorrhizal fungi colonize roots forming a biological link between the root and the soil. The fungus grows into the root and out into the soil. The plant responds by altering its physiology in a number of ways. The fungus in the soil absorbs water and nutrients from the soil and conducts them back to the root. Formation of mycorrhizae affects the composition of the microorganisms around the roots, and some of those microbes can influence the plant growth and health. If there are mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, why inoculate?

36. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae. The term mycorrhizae comes from the Greek myco or fungus and rhiza or root and literally means fungusroot. mycorrhizae have been described as perhaps the http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/for442/cnotes/sec8/more3.htm

Mycorrhizae The term "mycorrhizae" comes from the Greek "myco" or fungus and "rhiza" or root and literally means "fungusroot." Mycorrhizae have been described as perhaps the ultimate in reciprocal parasitism (symboisis) wherein the fungus supplies the higher plant partner with mineral nutrients and plant growth hormones and protects the roots against pathogens, and the higher plant supplies the fungus with energy substrates. Almost all higher plants are dependent upon one of the mycorrhizal associations outlined in Table XIX, as only crucifers, chenopods, sedges, and aquatic plants are thought to be non-mycorrhizal. TABLE XIX Kinds of mycorrhizal associations. I. ENDOMYCORRHIZAE A. VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR (VA) B. ERICACEOUS C. ORCHIDACEOUS II. ECTOMYCORRHIZAE III. ECTENDOMYCORRHIZAE TABLE XX Endomycorrhizae I. VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR. HIGHER PLANTSGREAT MAJORITY OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS INCLUDING FERNS, MONOCOTS, DICOTS, FUNGI-ENDOGONACEAE (PHYCOMYCETES). II. ERICACEOUS. HIGHER PLANTS-ERICALES. FUNGIGENERALLY UNKNOWN ALTHOUGH A BASIDIMYCETE HAS BEEN FOUND IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZALEA. III. ORCHIDACEOUS. HIGHER PLANTSORCHIDS. FUNGIAGARICALES AND APHYLLOPHORALES (BASIDIOMYCETES).

37. Mycorrhizae - Definition And More From The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary Definition of word from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mycorrhizae

38. Discover The World Of Mushrooms - Mushroom Growing For Everyone! Online Mushroom Out portal is exerted to show you the variety as well the life cycle of mushrooms. We provide a lot of information and a wide range of goods in our category groups Vital http://www.mrcashop.org/mushroom_shop/index.php?content=Mycorrhiza

39. Return To Main Page Close up photo of mycorrhizae inoculated root system. The fine hairs are generated by the bacterium mycorrhizae All species of trees growing under normal soil conditions in http://www.avtreefarm.com/bacterium/mycorrhizae.htm

Return to main tree page AVTreeFarm MYCORRHIZAE Nitrogen producing bacteria) Close up photo of Mycorrhizae inoculated root system. The fine hairs are generated by the bacterium MYCORRHIZAE All species of trees growing under normal soil conditions in the forest are dual organisms-part plant and part root-inhabiting fungi. These highly specialized, root-inhabiting fungi are not pathogenic and, thus, do not cause root disease. They are beneficial to their tree hosts. They infect, symbiotically, the cortical tissues of young feeder roots of trees and form mycorrhizae. The word mycorrhizae means "fungus-roots." Mycorrhizae are the normal feeder roots of all forest trees, as they are for the vast majority of other plant species, including agronomic, horticultural, ornamental, and turf crops. Classes of Mycorrhizae The three classes of mycorrhizae are identified by the arrangement of the hyphae of the fungi within root cortical tissues. Ectomycorrhizae.-This class occurs normally on roots of pine, spruce, fir, beech, birch, eucalyptus, alder, oaks, hickories, and certain other trees. Ectomycorrhizae usually can be distinguished from nonmycorrhizal roots because of their swollen appearance and in the case of Pinus, a forking habit. Not all forked feeder roots of pine are ectomycorrhizal, however, since feeder roots of many species can be stimulated to fork by many factors other than ectomycorrhizal fungus infection. The fungi which form ectomycorrhizae are among those that mainly produce mushrooms and puffballs periodically throughout the year.

40. Mycorrhizae - Natural Organic Home Garden Health Howard Garrett Dirt Doctor mycorrhizae One of the main arguments that the organic critics continue to try to make is that there is no research backing up the recommendations we make. http://www.dirtdoctor.com/organic/garden/view_question/id/2881/

SHOP HOME IMPROVEMENT Paint Stains and Finishes ... BLOG CURRENT MOON Mycorrhizae One of the main arguments that the organic critics continue to try to make is that there is no research backing up the recommendations we make. Of course, there is a wealth of research that begins with Dr. T. L. Senn at Clemson University His studies dealt primarily with seaweed. His information and covered works with seaweed and more is covered in the Research Section of my website. Dr. Mike in the lab. In addition, there are more than 60,000 research papers on mycorrhizal fungi alone. Dr. Michael Amaranthus brought that up on my radio show this past Sunday. To hear the interview with Dr. Mike on Mycorrhizal Applications click here. Email: Info@Mycorrhizae.com Phone: 541-476-3985 Fax: 541-476-1581 Toll Free: 866-476-7800 www.mycorrhizae.com Photo of mycorrhizal covered tips of a pine tree root with mycorrhizal threads attached. Pansies on the right are treated with mycorrhizal inoculant. These photos of the marigolds and petunias are a trial. Bottom row is without, the middle row is with THRIVE added and top row is THRIVE

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