21. Ozone Science: The Facts Behind The Phaseout | Ozone Layer Protection |US EPA Ozone Science The Facts Behind the Phaseout. The Ozone Layer Ozone Depletion The World's Reaction Stratospheric Protection Division. The Earth's ozone layer protects all life from http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/sc_fact.html

@import 'http://www.epa.gov/epafiles/s/epa.css'; Jump to main content. Ozone Layer Protection - Science Recent Additions Contact Us Search: All EPA This Area You are here: EPA Home Ozone Layer Protection Ozone Science Ozone Science: The Facts Behind the Phaseout Ozone Science: The Facts Behind the Phaseout The Ozone Layer Ozone Depletion The World's Reaction Stratospheric Protection Division The Earth's ozone layer protects all life from the sun's harmful radiation, but human activities have damaged this shield. Less protection from ultraviolet light will, over time, lead to higher skin cancer and cataract rates and crop damage. The U.S., in cooperation with 190 other countries, is phasing out the production of ozone-depleting substances in an effort to safeguard the ozone layer. I. The Ozone Layer The Earth's atmosphere is divided into several layers. The lowest region, the troposphere, extends from the Earth's surface up to about 10 kilometers (km) in altitude. Virtually all human activities occur in the troposphere. Mt. Everest, the tallest mountain on the planet, is only about 9 km high. The next layer, the stratosphere , continues from 10 km to about 50 km. Most commercial airline traffic occurs in the lower part of the stratosphere.

22. Ozone Layer | Buzzle.com Ozone Layer We always discuss about ozone layer and global warming and the ozone layer depletion causes. It's high time we take some action against this. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ozone-layer/

Home World News Latest Articles Escape Hatch ... Endless Buzz Ozone Layer We always discuss about ozone layer and global warming and the ozone layer depletion causes. It's high time we take some action against this. It's high time we make ourselves aware of the effects of ozone depletion. Have we forgotten what the ozone layer is and how it protects life on Earth? Have we forgotten that there's already a hole in the ozone layer? Let's think of what we can do about it. Keep reading. Ozone Depletion Causes Ozone layer depletion is a major cause of concern for the world. The main ozone depletion causes are the increase in the levels of free chlorine and bromine in the upper atmosphere of the Earth. Find out more about the causes and consequences of ozone depletion with this article. Ozone Layer Depletion The gaping hole in the Ozone layer over Antarctica is a great concern and a genuine reason to be scared big time! Ozone layer depletion is a global environmental issue. Read on to find out what it is and what implications it poses. Ozone Layer: Hole in the Ozone Layer Contrary to popular belief, the ozone layer hole is not actually a hole, but a region wherein the ozone layer is severely depleted. Continue reading to know some lesser known facts about the hole in the ozone layer....

23. All About Ozone — FactMonster.com Looks at the ozone layer, depletion, and has frequently asked questions about ozone. http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0800624.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites American Indian Heritage Month Math Flashcards Geography Guide Seven New Wonders of the World ... The Fifty States Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Environment All About Ozone Source: The Environmental Protection Agency I. The Ozone Layer Ozone is a molecule containing three oxygen atoms. It is blue in color and has a strong odor. Normal oxygen, which we breathe, has two oxygen atoms and is colorless and odorless. Ozone is much less common than normal oxygen. Out of each 10 million air molecules, about 2 million are normal oxygen, but only 3 are ozone. However, even the small amount of ozone plays a key role in the atmosphere. The ozone layer absorbs a portion of the radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the planet's surface. Most importantly, it absorbs the portion of ultraviolet light called UVB. UVB has been linked to many harmful effects, including various types of skin cancer, cataracts, and harm to some crops, certain materials, and some forms of marine life. At any given time, ozone molecules are constantly formed and destroyed in the stratosphere. The total amount, however, remains relatively stable. While ozone concentrations vary naturally with sunspots, the seasons, and latitude, these processes are well understood and predictable. Each natural reduction in ozone levels has been followed by a recovery. Recently, however, convincing scientific evidence has shown that the ozone shield is being depleted well beyond changes due to natural processes.

24. NOAA Stratospheric Ozone Webpage Provides a comprehensive technical primer on the ozone layer and its depletion, as well as access to realtime and historical monitoring data, descriptions of instruments used http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/

In the stratosphere, the region of the Earth's atmosphere from 6 to 30 miles (10 to 50 kilometers) above the surface, the chemical compound ozone plays a vital role in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. During the past 20 years, concentrations of this important compound have been threatened by human-made gases released into the atmosphere, including those known as CFCs. These chemical compounds as well as meteorological conditions in the stratosphere affect the concentration of stratospheric ozone. Photo courtesy of NASA These pages have been created through a collaborative effort involving the following NOAA organizations: http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/index.htm Last modified on 20 March 2008 by Karin.L.Gleason@noaa.gov

25. The Ozone Layer NOAA programs conduct research on complex climate systems to improve predictions of climate variation in both the shorter term, like cold spells or periods of drought, and over http://www.oar.noaa.gov/climate/t_ozonelayer.html

skip to content program navigation CLIMATE OCEANS, GREAT LAKES and COASTS ... HOME SEARCH SITEMAP Learn more about these CLIMATE RESEARCH areas... GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE GREENHOUSE GASES and AEROSOLS MODELING CLIMATE OBSERVING CLIMATE VARIABILITY and CHANGE ... REGIONAL CLIMATE SERVICES The Ozone Layer Ozone is a gas that occurs naturally in our atmosphere. Most of it is concentrated in the ozone layer , a region located in the stratosphere several miles above the surface of the Earth. Although ozone represents only a small fraction of the gas present in the atmosphere, it plays a vital role by shielding humans and other life from harmful ultraviolet light from the Sun. Human activities in the last several decades have produced chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which have been released into the atmosphere and have contributed to the depletion of this important protective layer. When scientists realized the destructive effect these chemicals could have on the ozone layer, international agreements were put in place to limit such emissions. As a result, it is expected that the ozone layer will recover in the coming decades.

26. Ozone Depletion-Key Text The ozone layer screens out the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Can we reverse its destruction? http://www.science.org.au/nova/004/004key.htm

Published by Australian Academy of Science KEY TEXT This topic is sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy The ozone layer screens out the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Can we reverse its destruction? You will get more from this topic if you have mastered the basics of electromagnetic radiation A natural balance keeps us well supplied with ozone Up in the stratosphere , small amounts of ozone are constantly being made by the action of sunlight on oxygen. At the same time, ozone is being broken down by natural processes. The total amount of ozone usually stays constant because its formation and destruction occur at about the same rate. Human activity has recently changed that natural balance. Certain manufactured substances (such as chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons ) can destroy stratospheric ozone much faster than it is formed. Ozone is a natural sunblock Go outside on a fine day and feel the sun warm your face. What happens when a cloud passes over? You’ll notice that the cloud takes away some of the heat and light coming from the sun. In much the same way that a cloud blocks the heat on a hot day, the ozone layer in the stratosphere blocks out the sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays. It acts as our planet’s natural sunblock.

27. Willkommen Bei Öko-Recherche Analyses of material flows of chemicals in the environment, including chemicals damaging the ozone layer. Site in English and German. Flags are language selectors. http://www.oekorecherche.de/

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28. Introduction To Ozone: Background Material We have good reason to be concerned about the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Tropospheric ozone, or bad ozone, is an air pollutant that damages human http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_5_1.htm

Introduction to Ozone This section provides an overview of ozone and why it is considered to be 'bad' when found in the troposphere, and 'good' when found in the stratosphere. Ozone has the same chemical structure whether it is found in the stratosphere or troposphere. The general concepts found in this section include the following: Ozone is a form of oxygen. The molecule contains three oxygen atoms ( Ozone is unstable and will readily combine with other atoms. Ozone is found in the stratosphere, where it blocks the sun's ultraviolet (UV) waves and prevents them from reaching the earth's surface. Ozone is also found in the troposphere, where it can damage living tissue and human-produced objects. It is generated both from certain types of pollution and natural sources. This section includes four classroom activities. Introduction The Ozone Hole. The Ozone Hoax. Pollution. Skin Cancer. The topic of ozone makes headlines on a regular basis, but why does a single molecule merit such media coverage? How important is the ozone in our atmosphere and why are scientists so concerned about its increase near the surface of the earth and its disappearance higher up in the atmosphere? First things first - what is ozone? Ozone is made of three oxygen atoms (

29. The Ozone Hole Tour : Home Page An overview of the ozone layer and the development of the ozone hole over the Antarctic hosted by the Centre of Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge. http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/index.html

Centre for Atmospheric Science Notes for teachers Visited over 3500 times a week! Awards and citations for the Ozone Hole Tour deutsch Before You Start! I: The Discovery of the Ozone Hole II: Recent Ozone Loss over Antarctica III: The Science of the Ozone Hole IV: Latest Ozone Hole Research at Cambridge Glossary Credits More Info ... Centre for Atmospheric Science , Cambridge University, UK. No text or graphics can be used or reproduced without explicit written permission. This version designed and maintained by Dr. Glenn Carver . Original concept and design Owen Garrett. French translation by , German translation by Dr. Olaf Morgenstern

30. The Environmental Literacy Council - The Ozone Layer The Ozone Layer. Ozone (O 3) is present in trace amounts throughout most of the atmosphere, but is most abundant in the stratosphere, which extends from about 12 to 50 km above the http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1282.php

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food The Ozone Layer Ozone (O ) is present in trace amounts throughout most of the atmosphere, but is most abundant in the stratosphere, which extends from about 12 to 50 km above the Earth's surface. The stratosphere contains nearly 90 percent of total atmospheric ozone, which plays an important role in filtering harmful solar rays and in regulating temperatures. This should not be confused with ground-level ozone which is the primary component in urban smog. Due to the influx of short-wave radiation in the stratosphere, ozone is continually created and destroyed through catalytic reactions with oxides of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine. The ozone layer itself can vary in size since the amount of solar energy varies with the seasons. Given that the greatest variation in solar energy occur at the poles, fluctuations in the ozone layer are greatest in these areas. Ozone layer variation is also linked to periodic changes in atmospheric winds, and volcanic and solar sunspot activity. In the 1970s, scientists observed a thinning in the ozone layer over Antarctica and, colloquially and inaccurately, called it an "ozone hole." There was pressing concern that emissions from human activities were the cause of this ozone depletion. It was found that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which had been widely used as refrigerants and in aerosols because they are inert and non-toxic, could be broken down by ultraviolet light in the atmosphere, releasing chlorine that was capable of destroying ozone molecules.

31. ESA - Kids - Earth - Losing The Ozone Layer Explains why we need the ozone layer, and has a picture of the ozone hole viewed from space. http://www.esa.int/esaKIDSen/SEMY1LXJD1E_Earth_0.html

Climate change Natural disasters Protecting nature Water world Losing the ozone layer Have you ever suffered from sunburn? This burning of the skin is caused by ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun. Serious burning is not only painful, but it may cause skin cancer. Fortunately, almost all of the harmful UV radiation is absorbed by a layer of ozone gas 20 – 50 km above the Earth. However, ozone is a form of oxygen that can be destroyed easily by certain man-made chemicals. In 1987, the leading industrial countries agreed to phase out these chemicals. Even so, satellites have shown that thinning of the ozone layer has continued over Antarctica. The ozone hole reached a record size – nearly 30 million sq. km - in 2000. Smaller ozone holes have also appeared over the Arctic. These holes allow more UV light to reach densely populated areas of Europe. Ozone hole as seen by Envisat ESA satellites such as ERS-2 and Envisat play a key role in ozone hole studies. They enable scientists to monitor the size of the hole and learn more about what causes it to grow or shrink. Envisat carries three instruments that can study ozone and the pollutants that attack it in the upper atmosphere. A more advanced ozone-monitoring instrument will be launched on Europe’s MetOp spacecraft in 2005.

32. Ozone Layer: Definition From Answers.com n. A region of the upper atmosphere, between about 15 and 30 kilometers (10 and 20 miles) in altitude, containing a relatively high concentration of ozone that absorbs solar http://www.answers.com/topic/ozone-layer

33. The Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer as either adjusted and/or amended in London 1990 Copenhagen 1992 Vienna 1995 Montreal 1997 Beijing 1999 UNEP http://www.unep.org/ozone/pdfs/Montreal-Protocol2000.pdf

34. Ozone Layer .com Ozone Layer Ozone Depletion resources and information at ozonelayer.com. http://ozonelayer.com/

Ozone Layer .com Featured: Ozone Layer Videos Related Searches Ozone Layerair-Conditioning Ozone Ozone Systems Ozone Generator ... Ionic Breeze Ozone Layer Videos Oct 15, 2010 Want more? Subscribe to NASA on iTunes! phobos.apple.com This short video combines dynamic ozone visualizations with an interview with leading atmospheric NASA scientist, Dr. Paul Newman. Dr. Newman explains why ozone is important, he cites the ingredients that cause an ozone hole to form, and he remarks on the future of the ozone, pointing to exciting new areas of ozone research, including the role climate change will play in future years. For more information: www.nasa.gov The Ozone layer .. The protected roof of the earth Oct 21, 2010 The Ozone layer .. The protected roof of the earth Ozone layer (104) Oct 26, 2010 Video for Global Issues high school course on ozone layer destruction by Jannet, Jessica, Tania, Ale, Ana Depletion of the Ozone Layer 1987 Aug 27, 2010 Return of the Ozone Layer: Section 1 of 7 Aug 27, 2010 Aug 27, 2010

35. European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit Co-ordinating unit of stratospheric ozone research in Europe. http://www.ozone-sec.ch.cam.ac.uk/

European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit (EORCU) The European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit (EORCU) was established at Cambridge in April 1989 and is based at the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge. EORCU's role has been to coordinate atmospheric research within Europe and to establish worldwide links within the global atmospheric science community by means of coordinating large scale field campaigns, organising conferences and workshops, maintaining a website, producing newsletters and brochures and managing a central office. On 7th May we will stream the "Antarctic Ozone Hole: Then and Now" meeting below. Please press the "play" button to join us. Get the Flash Player to see the video. Please find details about the "Antarctic Ozone Hole: Then and Now" Meeting here This video stream is being kindly provided by Varsity, the Cambridge student newspaper. The meeting is supported by Nature, The Royal Met. Society, The British Antarctic Survey, NCAS and The University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry. Please find details about the CCMVal surface and aircraft emissions here

36. Ozone And The Ozone Layer Ozone is a naturally occurring molecule containing three atoms of oxygen. Ozone molecules form a gaseous layer mostly in the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere) 1530 km above the http://www.environment.gov.au/atmosphere/ozone/ozone.html

Change text size Skip to content Atmosphere Ozone About us Contact us Search Environment home Atmosphere Biodiversity Coasts and oceans ... Ozone You are here: Environment home Atmosphere Ozone and Synthetic Greenhouse Gases Ozone and the ozone layer What is Ozone? Ozone is a naturally occurring molecule containing three atoms of oxygen. Ozone molecules form a gaseous layer mostly in the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere) 15-30 km above the surface of the earth, and protects life on earth by absorbing ultra-violet (UV) radiation from the sun. The Ozone layer Download Twenty Questions and Answers about the ozone layer - from the World Meteorological Organisation web site. Concerns about the depletion of the ozone layer exist because the ozone layer reduces the amount of harmful ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earth's surface. The ozone layer is also an important part of the global atmosphere-climate system in which present day living organisms, including humans, have evolved. Any significant change to this layer can have far-reaching consequences for human health. CFCs, halons, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, HCFCs, hydrobromofluorocarbons and methyl bromide are directly implicated in the depletion of the ozone layer. These and other ozone depleting substances also contribute to varying extents to the

37. Ozone | Air & Radiation | US EPA Information about stratospheric ozone depletion, US regulations about CFCs and substitutes, ozone science, international policy, and the UV Index http://www.epa.gov/docs/ozone/

@import 'http://www.epa.gov/epafiles/s/epa.css'; Jump to main content. Ozone Contact Us Search: All EPA This Area You are here: EPA Home Ozone Ozone is a gas that occurs both in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at ground level. Ozone can be "good" or "bad" for people's health and for the environment, depending on its location in the atmosphere. For an overview of both ozone issues, see Good Up High, Bad Nearby Ground-level Ozone In the troposphere, the air closest to the Earth's surface, ground-level or "bad" ozone is a pollutant that is a significant health risk, especially for children with asthma. It also damages crops, trees and other vegetation. It is a main ingredient of urban smog. AirNow: Current ground level ozone levels where you live Stratospheric Ozone The stratosphere, or "good" ozone layer extends upward from about 6 to 30 miles and protects life on Earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. This natural shield has been gradually depleted by man-made chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). A depleted ozone shield allows more UV radiation to reach the ground, leading to more cases of skin cancer, cataracts, and other health and environmental problems. Basic information about stratospheric ozone UV Index: Current forecasts of UV intensity where you live SunWise: Information on protecting yourself from UV rays Local Navigation Ozone Home Ground-level Ozone Stratospheric Ozone EPA Home ... Jump to main content.

38. Science - Ozone Basics Through an international agreement known as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, governments have decided to http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm

Science: Ozone Basics Ozone is very rare in our atmosphere, averaging about three molecules of ozone for every 10 million air molecules. In spite of this small amount, ozone plays a vital role in the atmosphere. In the information below, we present "the basics" about this important component of the Earth's atmosphere. Click here for larger image Where is ozone found in the atmosphere? Ozone is mainly found in two regions of the Earth's atmosphere. Most ozone (about 90%) resides in a layer that begins between 6 and 10 miles (10 and 17 kilometers) above the Earth's surface and extends up to about 30 miles (50 kilometers). This region of the atmosphere is called the stratosphere. The ozone in this region is commonly known as the ozone layer. The remaining ozone is in the lower region of the atmosphere, which is commonly called the troposphere. The figure (above) shows an example of how ozone is distributed in the atmosphere. What roles does ozone play in the atmosphere and how are humans affected?

39. Protection De La Couche D'ozone - Ozone Layer Protection This Environment Canada site deals with issues, programs and other aspects having to do with stratospheric ozone. http://www.ec.gc.ca/ozone/

@import url(/commonWebSol/css/wp-pa2.css); Bienvenue Welcome Environnement Canada Protection de la couche d'ozone Environment Canada Ozone Layer Protection Français English Avis importants Important Notices

40. Ozone Layer THE OZONE LAYER IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF OZONE EDUCATION Joelle S. Busman Cary Belen INTRODUCTION Donna What is the environment? Martha The environment is the earth, and http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/ozone.htm

THE OZONE LAYER: IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF OZONE EDUCATION Joelle S. Busman Cary Belen INTRODUCTION Donna: What is the environment? Martha: The environment is the earth, and you have to help the earth. Oh, and it’s the ozone layer. Donna: And what is the ozone layer? Martha: (shrugs her shoulders in a gesture of uncertainty) I think the ozone layer’s like the top of the air where we are right now and then the rest is empty of the ozone layer. I think it’s supposed to protect where we are right now from polluting and trash and stuff. Donna: Where did you hear about the ozone layer? Martha: Mostly on TV….The news channels mostly….Sometimes I want to see what there is, what I should wear, but they go into the ozone layer and stuff, and I watch that until they say what the weather’s going to be like. (King, 78) In the book, Doing their Share to Save the Planet There are many issues one must explore when educating himself/herself about the ozone layer. The goal of this paper is to provide the layman with a general knowledge of important components of ozone education. First, a general overview will be provided. Next, the reader will learn scientific aspects of the ozone layer such as factors responsible for ozone depletion, and then he/she will explore the ozone hole over Antarctica. To continue, societal aspects that will be addressed include health risks, crop/plant damage, and organism damage. Finally, actions that government has taken to attempt to solve the problem will be discussed. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the importance of ozone education.

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