41. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Tutorial NASA resource file for students and teachers http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Ozone/ozone.html

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion NOTE: This is a resource module for teachers and students interested in the ozone layer. The NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division does not perform research directly related to the ozone and ozone depletion. For more information and to get answers to questions, see the following NASA websites: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies - Atmospheric Chemistry Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer - ozone measurements Stratospheric ozone depletion is a concern because the ozone layer in the stratosphere keeps 95-99% of the suns ultraviolet radiation from striking the earth. In this file are: Internet resources for both ozone information, and neat digitized images of the antarctic ozone hole. Printed information including phone and e-mail contacts for those who wish to pursue the issue of ozone depletion further. For those in a hurry, my favorite source of quick yet reliable answers is Frequently-asked-Questions on Ozone by Robert Parson. For general science questions on the atmosphere the college undergrad textbook Atmospheric Change: An Earth System Perspective , an authoritative text accessible to those with a high school science background.

42. NSF Polar UV Monitoring Network Monitors UV radiation at six sites in Antarctica, Argentina, California, and Alaska. http://www.biospherical.com/NSF/default.asp

National Science Foundation Polar Programs UV Monitoring Network Maintained by Biospherical Instruments Inc. Home Sites Instruments Data/Report ... BSI Home The network has recently been reorganized. Please read this document to learn about these important changes. Welcome to the NSF Polar UV Monitoring Network Web Site! The National Science Foundation (NSF) Ultraviolet (UV) Monitoring Network was established in 1987 by the NSF Division of Polar Programs in response to serious ozone depletion reported in Antarctica. Biospherical Instruments installed the first instruments in 1988 and has operated the network since then. The network is providing data to researchers studying the effects of ozone depletion on terrestrial and marine biological systems. Network data is also used for the validation of satellite observations and for the verification of models describing the transfer of radiation through the atmosphere. Shortcuts Updates on UV irradiance levels View and download our latest data and track changes in UV at our Antarctic sites as the ozone hole progresses.

43. Ozone Layer — Infoplease.com Encyclopedia ozone layer. ozone layer or ozonosphere, region of the stratosphere containing relatively high concentrations of ozone, located at altitudes of 12–30 mi (19–48 http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0837214.html

44. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Information on the science, issues and actions on ozone depletion, with respect to British Columbia, Canada. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/air/ozone/

45. The Ozone Hole After a series of rigorous meetings and negotiations, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was finally agreed upon on 16 september 1987 at the http://www.theozonehole.com/

Click on the logo below to visit Earthlyissues.com for information on numerous Current events, environmental and world issues Awards Contact Us About Us Donate ... Ozone News The Ozone Hole For nearly a billion years, ozone molecules in the atmosphere have protected life on Earth from the effects of ultraviolet rays. The ozone layer resides in the stratosphere and surrounds the entire Earth. UV-B radiation (280- to 315- nanometer (nm) wavelength) from the Sun is partially absorbed in this layer. As a result, the amount of UV-B reaching Earth’s surface is greatly reduced. UV-A (315- to 400-nm wavelength) and other solar radiation are not strongly absorbed by the ozone layer. Human exposure to UV-B increases the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and a suppressed immune system. UV-B exposure can also damage terrestrial plant life, single cell organisms, and aquatic ecosystems. Credit:Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies Japan In the past 60 years or so human activity has contributed to the deterioration of the ozone layer.

46. International Ozone Services Inc. Offers worldwide ozone and UV calibration services to customers with Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer instruments. http://www.io3.ca

IOS Inc. The Brewer experts Home Calibrations News Software ... Links LiveSearch: Important: SETDATE Calibration information tables. How to find calibration information ... : A help file. News: Brewer operating software v3.77 Category Downloads UV lamps data analysis software LampsPro Category Downloads Brewer Standard Operating Procedures draft document is now available. Category News IOS 2008 - 2009 Category Home GWBasic operating software version 3.77 is available for download. Category Home IOS 2008 - 2009 apologize for silence but 2008 was a good year again - like all the previous ones. Martin is still quite active with IOS and Ken will transfer #017 to him in Lindenberg on May 12. Ken just experienced more winter in Ny Alesund - he did miss most of the mean Toronto winter by going to Texas again. Major intercomparison with 5 instruments from countries nearby - starting in Hradec Kralove in 2 weeks. Nettie and I are really looking forward to seeing Czech R. again. GWBasic operating software version 3.77 is available for download. With a bit of a delay, we are happy to announce that the new version of the Brewer operating software is now available for download Welcome!

47. Ozone Layer: Definition From Answers.com Variant ozonosphere A layer of the earth's atmosphere in which most of the atmosphere's ozone is concentrated. It occurs 15–50 km above the earth's surface and is virtually http://www.answers.com/topic/ozone-layer-1

var isReferenceAnswers = true; BodyLoad('s'); On this page Library Animal Life Health History, Politics, Society ... Technology ozone layer Chemistry Dictionary: ozone layer Home Library Science Chemistry Dictionary Variant: ozonosphere A layer of the earth's atmosphere in which most of the atmosphere's ozone is concentrated. It occurs 15–50 km above the earth's surface and is virtually synonymous with the stratosphere. In this layer most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the ozone molecules, causing a rise in the temperature of the stratosphere and preventing vertical mixing so that the stratosphere forms a stable layer. By absorbing most of the solar ultraviolet radiation the ozone layer protects living organisms on earth. The fact that the ozone layer is thinnest at the equator is believed to account for the high equatorial incidence of skin cancer as a result of exposure to unabsorbed solar ultraviolet radiation. In the 1980s it was found that depletion of the ozone layer was occurring over both the poles, creating ozone holes . This is thought to have been caused by a series of complex photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides produced from aircraft and, more seriously

48. EEK! - Hole In The Ozone Layer? Learn how it all started, how to fix the problem and what the future outlook is. http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/earth/air/ozonlayr.htm

What is Ozone? Read all about good ozone, bad ozone here. How it all started In the late 1920s, chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (cloro-floro-carbons) or CFCs, were invented. These chemicals were not poisonous and didn't harm fabrics, plants or people. Companies thought they were great and used them in refrigerators, air conditioners, styrofoam packaging, and spray cans. From the 1920s to the 1970s, billions of CFC molecules were released into the air. In the 1970s, scientists began to wonder what might happen to all those CFCs after they had been in the air for a while. They eventually learned that CFCs could float past the troposphere up into the stratosphere where UV rays would break them down. The chemicals that make up CFCs, mainly chlorine and fluorine, would float around the stratosphere, breaking up ozone molecules This was bad, because scientists knew that ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from too many UV rays. Fixing the problem In 1979, many countries, including the U.S., banned CFCs from being made or used. This was a big step toward fixing the problem. Today, no spray cans contain CFCs. Other chemicals are gradually replacing the CFCs in air conditioners. But the CFCs already in the atmosphere can take up to 50 years to reach the stratosphere. Once there, they hang around in the stratosphere for many years, doing damage.

49. Ozone Layer [Ministry For The Environment] Ozone layer. The ozone layer sits about 1530 kilometres above the earth and reduces the amount of dangerous ultraviolet light which reaches the earth from the http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/ozone/

Skip to main content. Skip to main content Accessibility information About this site ... Publications Site search Search Ozone layer Ozone-depleting substances Ozone damage and climate change You are here: Info about... Ozone layer The ozone layer sits about 15-30 kilometres above the earth and reduces the amount of dangerous ultraviolet light which reaches the earth from the sun. Too much ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer and cataracts in people; it also distorts plant growth, damages the marine environment, and leads to the breakdown of materials such as plastics. The ozone layer is vital for our survival and well-being. Man-made substances damage the ozone layer. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is an international agreement under which these substances are being phased out. The Protocol is working well. The amount of ozone-depleting substances going into the atmosphere is starting to peak, and will soon start to decline. The ozone layer is expected to repair itself very slowly over the next 70 years. For more information about the Protocol visit the United Nations Ozone Secretariat website . Ozone damage is also related to global warming Information about New Zealand research from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) is available on the NIWA website . Good links to international ozone and science pages are also available on this site.

50. EEK! - Hole In The Ozone Layer? Learn how it all started, how to fix the problem and what the future outlook iscancer. http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/Org/caer/ce/eek/earth/air/ozonlayr.htm

What is Ozone? Read all about good ozone, bad ozone here. How it all started In the late 1920s, chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (cloro-floro-carbons) or CFCs, were invented. These chemicals were not poisonous and didn't harm fabrics, plants or people. Companies thought they were great and used them in refrigerators, air conditioners, styrofoam packaging, and spray cans. From the 1920s to the 1970s, billions of CFC molecules were released into the air. In the 1970s, scientists began to wonder what might happen to all those CFCs after they had been in the air for a while. They eventually learned that CFCs could float past the troposphere up into the stratosphere where UV rays would break them down. The chemicals that make up CFCs, mainly chlorine and fluorine, would float around the stratosphere, breaking up ozone molecules This was bad, because scientists knew that ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from too many UV rays. Fixing the problem In 1979, many countries, including the U.S., banned CFCs from being made or used. This was a big step toward fixing the problem. Today, no spray cans contain CFCs. Other chemicals are gradually replacing the CFCs in air conditioners. But the CFCs already in the atmosphere can take up to 50 years to reach the stratosphere. Once there, they hang around in the stratosphere for many years, doing damage.

51. The Ozone Hole Tour : Home Page An overview of the ozone layer and the development of the ozone hole over the Antarctic. http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/

Centre for Atmospheric Science Notes for teachers Visited over 3500 times a week! Awards and citations for the Ozone Hole Tour deutsch Before You Start! I: The Discovery of the Ozone Hole II: Recent Ozone Loss over Antarctica III: The Science of the Ozone Hole IV: Latest Ozone Hole Research at Cambridge Glossary Credits More Info ... Centre for Atmospheric Science , Cambridge University, UK. No text or graphics can be used or reproduced without explicit written permission. This version designed and maintained by Dr. Glenn Carver . Original concept and design Owen Garrett. French translation by , German translation by Dr. Olaf Morgenstern

52. Ozone Layer | Define Ozone Layer At Dictionary.com –noun Meteorology . the layer of the upper atmosphere where most atmospheric ozone is concentrated, from about 8 to 30 mi. (12 to 48 km) above the earth, with the maximum http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ozone layer

53. Miami Museum Of Science-Ecolinks-Ozone Layer Map Ozone Layer. The Earth is constantly bombarded by radiation from the Sun. The atmosphere protects the surface of the Earth from this radiation. It is possible that air http://www.miamisci.org/ecolinks/mapatmosphere.html

54. Research Into Stratospheric Ozone - THESEO LINKS THESEO is taking place during 1998 and 1999. The main aim is to improve our understanding of the causes of ozone depletion over Europe and other mid-latitude regions, where the ozone layer has been progressively depleted for the last 20-30 years. http://ec.europa.eu/research/envsc/theseo.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a and a Research into stratospheric Ozone - THESEO LINKS This page intends to be a pointer between ongoing projects on atmospheric research of the of the European Union and related general information THESEO , the T hird E uropean S tratospheric E xperiment on O zone, is the European response to understand ozone depletion over Europe. H igh quality data and appropriate project management are not only important in the project life cycle but ultimately facilitate dissemination and project results. S ee the atmospheric database supported by the CASSIS/THESEO project: NADIR Data Centre General information on the Commission The EUROPA home page of the European Commission gives you general information on the European Union. The RESEARCH HOME PAGE gives you more specific infomation on Research and the Research Directorate General of the European Commission. The CORDIS Home Page THESEO - Projects THESEO Summary Executive Research Plan THESEO poster (PDF-file): theseo.pdf

55. Ozone Layer Definition Of Ozone Layer In The Free Online Encyclopedia. ozone layer or ozonosphere, region of the stratosphere stratosphere, second lowest layer of the earth's atmosphere. The level from which it extends outward varies with latitude http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/ozone layer

56. Section 1.1 - The Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer Seventh edition (2006) which provides the details of this protocol. Includes FAQs. http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/MP_Handbook/Section_1.1_The_Montreal_Protocol

United Nations Environment Programme Ozone Secretariat Search Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer - 7 th Edition (2006) Advanced search Sections The Montreal Protocol Decisions Annexes ... Index Previous Next Section 1.1 The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer as adjusted and amended by the Second Meeting of the Parties (London, 27-29 June 1990) and by the Fourth Meeting of the Parties (Copenhagen, 23-25 November 1992) and further adjusted by the Seventh Meeting of the Parties (Vienna, 5-7 December 1995) and further adjusted and amended by the Ninth Meeting of the Parties (Montreal, 15-17 September 1997) and by the Eleventh Meeting of the Parties (Beijing, 29 November - 3 December 1999) Preamble Article 1: Definitions Article 2: Control Measures Introduction to the adjustments ... Annex E: Controlled substance Previous Next Sections The Montreal Protocol Decisions Annexes ... Back Cover

57. Ozone A detailed look at ozone in the atmosphere, the difference between bad and good ozone, and how it s being depleted. http://www.solcomhouse.com/ozone.htm

About Us Awards Donate Contact ... Site Map Ozone Ozone Molecule named from the Greek "ozein" for smell. Pronunciation: 'O-"zOn Function: noun Etymology: German Ozon, from Greek ozOn, present participle of ozein to smell Ozo ne is a molecule tha t contains three atoms of oxygen and thus has the formula O3. Ozo ne was first discovered in 1839 by German scientist Christian Friedrich Schonbein. NASA Graphic Ozone is a molecule that contains three atoms of oxygen and thus has the formula O3.The name ozone is derived from a Greek word meaning "to smell". Ozone is a relatively simple molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms bound together. Yet it has dramatically different effects depending on where ozone resides, it can protect or harm life on Earth. High in the atmosphere about 15 miles (24 km) up ozone acts as a shield to protect Earth's surface from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Without this shield, we would be more susceptible to skin cancer, cataracts, and impaired immune systems. Closer to Earth, in the air we breathe, ozone is a harmful pollutant that causes damage to lung tissue and plants. Near Earth's surface, where ozone comes into direct contact with life forms, it primarily displays a destructive side. At ground level, ozone is a health hazard it is a harmful pollutant that causes damage to lung tissue and plants- it is a major constituent of smog.

58. Ozone Layer - Definition Of Ozone Layer By The Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus God has given us innumerable blessings and one of it undoubtedly is the ozone layer The ozone layer is the layer that protects us from the harmful Ultra Violet rays of the sun http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ozone layer

59. Air Info Now: What Is Ozone? Describes the chemical makeup of ozone, the good ozone does when it is high, and the bad health effects it has when close to the surface. http://www.airinfonow.com/html/ed_ozone.html

What is Ozone? Ozone is a colorless odorless gas made of oxygen. Most oxygen in the air is O - two joined oxygen atoms. This is the oxygen that sustains life. Ozone is O - three oxygen atoms joined together. Ozone is ready to react ... ... with whatever it meets. This makes it very useful for cleaning and disinfecting. But, when it comes in contact with living tissues like our lungs it can cause damage and illness. Ozone can also corrode building materials, statues and monuments, and natural rock features in the landscape. Ozone is made of Oxygen atoms A recipe for ozone. Nobody puts ozone directly into the air. Instead, cars and trucks, gas stations and factories put the ingredients for ozone into the air every day. What About the Ozone Layer ? I thought ozone was helpful. The ozone layer is great - when it's way up there. The ozone layer protects life on earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. But the ozone layer is 10 - 30 miles above the earth; this is far above the air that we breathe. This protective shield becomes weaker when certain gases are able to travel to the ozone layer and destroy the ozone molecules. These destructive gases come from products like refrigerators, air conditioners, cleansers, and aerosol cans (used for spray paint and hairspray). The gases are called halons and CFCs - for chlorofluorocarbons.

60. Atmosphere, Climate & Environment Information Programme What is ozone, why there is a hole, and what s causing it. http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/kids/ozonehole.html

HOMEPAGE INFORMATION SHEETS FEEDBACK The Earth is wrapped in a blanket of air called the 'atmosphere', which is made up of several layers. About 19-30 kilometres above the Earth is a layer of gas called ozone, which is a form of oxygen. Ozone is produced naturally in the atmosphere. WHY DO WE HAVE AN OZONE LAYER? The ozone layer is very important because it stops too many of the sun's 'ultra-violet rays' (UV rays) getting through to the Earth - these are the rays that cause our skin to tan. Too much UV can cause skin cancer and will also harm all plants and animals. Life on Earth could not exist without the protective shield of the ozone layer. WHAT IS THE OZONE HOLE? Every spring, a hole as big as the USA develops in the ozone layer over Antarctica, in the South Pole. A smaller hole develops each year over the Arctic, at the North Pole. And there are signs that the ozone layer is getting thinner all over the planet. Scientists have discovered that the ozone hole over Antarctica started in 1979, and that the ozone layer generally started to get thin in the early 1980s. The loss of the ozone layer occurs when more ozone is being destroyed than nature is creating.

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